iosr-JDMS   Volume-24 ~ Issue-2 ~ February 2025

Abstract: Background: The real "weapon" that changed the fate of the challenge to SARS-CoV-2 was the vaccine. Vaccination is done by injection, usually in the deltoid muscle. Alongside the classic method of administering vaccines, it is possible to use the "needle free" technique. This technology consists in the administration by means of a high-speed jet, which completely replaces the use of the needle and therefore of the traditional puncture, guaranteeing total absorption of the drug injected intramuscularly. The "FAST & SAFE" experimentation is part of the perspective of enhancing the results.....

Keywords: Needle free, vaccination, SARS-CoV-2, Covid-19, Sicily, Italy, Vaccine

[1] Lai CC, Shih TP, Ko WC, Tang HJ, Hsueh PR. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) And Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19): The Epidemic And The Challenges. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020;55(3):105924. Doi:10.1016/J.Ijantimicag.2020.105924
[2] Dutta AK. Vaccine Against Covid-19 Disease - Present Status Of Development. Indian J Pediatr. 2020 Oct;87(10):810-816. Doi: 10.1007/S12098-020-03475-W. Epub 2020 Sep 3. PMID: 32880819; PMCID: PMC7468088.
[3] Zanforlini E. The COVID-19 Pandemic: Was Italy Really Prepared Under A Bureaucratic And Economic Point Of View? [Dissertation]. LUISS Guido Carli University; 2020. Available From:
Http://Tesi.Luiss.It/33479/1/245911_ZANFORLINI_EMANUELA.Pdf
[4] Agenzia Italiana Del Farmaco (AIFA) - Vaccini COVID-19. Available From: Https://Www.Aifa.Gov.It/Vaccini-Covid-19 [Accessed 2023 Jul 15]
[5] Guida Alla Corretta Preparazione E Somministrazione Di COMIRNATY. Available From:

Abstract: White sponge nevus (WSN) is a rare hereditary dyskeratotic hyperplasia of mucous membranes. It is an autosomal dominant disorder with variable penetrance. We report a case of WSN in a healthy 41-year-old male with no history of familial involvement. A white smooth plaque with no erythema or other structural abnormalities was observed, which confirmed the diagnosis of WSN histopathologically. Patient was given 0.2% chlorhexidine for 2 weeks which resolved the lesion completely.

Keywords: Cannon’s disease, Genodermatosis Exfoliative leukoedema, White sponge nevus

[1] Nikhil Shyam, Bernard A. Cohen, In Pediatric Dermatology (Fifth Edition), 2022
[2] Sanjeeta N, Nandini DB, Premlata T, Banerjee S. White Sponge Nevus: Report Of Three Cases In A Single Family. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol. 2016 May-Aug;20(2):300-3. Doi: 10.4103/0973-029X.185915. PMID: 27601826; PMCID: PMC4989564.
[3] Qiao Y, Liu B, Bai R, Cai J, Peng Q. White Sponge Nevus Caused By Keratin 4 Gene Mutation: A Case Report. Genes (Basel). 2022 Nov 22;13(12):2184. Doi: 10.3390/Genes13122184. PMID: 36553451; PMCID: PMC9777919.
[4] Michael Glick, DMD, FDS Rcsed Martin S. Greenberg, Burket’s Oral Medicine Thirteenth Edition.
[5] PHILIP SAPP DDS, MS, ... GEORGE P. WYSOCKI DDS, PHD, In Contemporary Oral And Maxillofacial Pathology (Second Edition), 2004

Abstract: Residual ridge resorption (RRR) is progressive, irreversible, and cumulative condition that poses significant challenges in the fabrication and functionality of complete dentures. This process leads to the loss of sulcular depth, vertical dimension, and decreased lower facial height, adversely affecting denture stability and patient comfort. The consequences of mandibular ridge resorption on denture performance include: Loss of Retention and Stability and Neuromuscular Challenges. Mandibular ridge resorption presents significant challenges in complete denture fabrication.......

[1] Fish E W. An Analysis Of The Stabilising Factors In Full Denture Construction. Br Dent J 1931; 52: 559–570.
[2] The Glossary Of Prosthodontic Terms Of 2023. 10th Edition
[3] Saravanakumar P, Thirumalai Thangarajan S, Mani U, Et Al. Improvised Neutral Zone Technique In A Completely Edentulous Patient With An Atrophic Mandibular Ridge And Neuromuscular Incoordination: A Clinical Tip .2017, Cureus 9(4): E1189.
[4] Agarwal S,Gangadhar P, Ahmad N, Bhardwaj A.A Simplified Approach For Recording Neutral Zone.J Indian Prosthodont Soc (Apr-June 2010) 10(2):102–104.
[5] Srivastava V, Gupta NK, Tandan A, Kaira LS, Chopra D. The Neutral Zone: Concept And Technique. J Orofac Res 2012;2(1):42-47..

Abstract: Background The surgical skills and application of knowledge in clinical situations and regular assessment of student’s surgical skills are essential. Formative assessment forms a critical aspect of the undergraduate medical curriculum, and their skills can be certified periodically for undergraduates. Assessment should aim to help the students develop the skills and knowledge of the subject, which is considered crucial for the students to blossom into successful surgeons in the future. While....

Key Words: Formative assessment, Summative assessment, CBME, Knowledge, skills, Medical education.

[1] Black P, Wiliam D. Developing The Theory Of Formative Assessment. Educational Assessment, Evaluation And Accountability (Formerly: J Personnel Eva In Edu). 2009; 21(1): 2. Nicol DJ, Macfarlane‐Dick D. Formative Assessment And Self‐Regulated Learning: A Model And Seven Principles Of Good Feedback Practice. Studies In Higher Edu. 2006; 31(2): 199-218.
[2] Black P, Wiliam D. Assessment, And Classroom Learning. Asses In Edu: Principles, Policy & Practice. 1998 Mar 1; 5(1): 7-4.
[3] OECD. Improving Learning Through Formative Assessment. Education Policy Analysis 2006: Focus On Higher Education [Internet]. 2007 [Cited 2018 Sep 7]. Available From: Https://Doi.Org/10.1787/Epa-2006-5-En
[4] Colbert CY, Ownby AR, Butler PM. A Review Of Portfolio Use In Residency Programs And Considerations Before Implementation. Teach And Learn In Med. 2008; 20(4): 340-5.
[5] David MF, Davis MH, Harden RM, Howie PW, Ker J, Pippard MJ. AMEE Medical Education Guide No. 24: Portfolios As A Method Of Student Assessment. Med Teach. 2001; 23(6): 535-51

Abstract: The aim of the present study was to compare the push out bond strength and type of failure between bulk fill and conventional composite with and without pressure change. For this in-vitro study, 40 caries free molars were obtained from the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shri.......

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Abstract: Soft tissue management around dental implants in the aesthetic zone plays a pivotal role in achieving optimal aesthetic outcomes and long-term implant success. This manuscript reviews current concepts and explores novel techniques to enhance peri-implant soft tissue aesthetics and function. The anatomy and physiology of peri-implant soft tissues are discussed, emphasizing their unique characteristics compared to natural dentition. Current surgical techniques, including flap designs, suturing methods, and the influence of implant positioning on the emergence profile....

Key Words: Dental implants, Titanium, Titania, Anodization, Nanotubes, CAD/CAM and 3D imaging, platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), and tunneling techniques.

[1] Chappuis, V., Engel, O., Reyes, M., Shahim, K., Nolte, L.-P., & Buser, D. (2017). Soft Tissue Alterations In Esthetic Postextraction Sites: A 3-Dimensional Analysis. Journal Of Dental Research, 96(3), 259–267. Https://Doi.Org/10.1177/0022034516686870
[2] Puisys, A., & Linkevicius, T. (2015). The Influence Of Mucosal Tissue Thickening On Crestal Bone Stability Around Bone-Level Implants. A Prospective Controlled Clinical Trial. Clinical Oral Implants Research, 26(10), 1231–1235.
Https://Doi.Org/10.1111/Clr.12446[3]
Esposito, M., & Hirsch, J.-M. (1998). Lekholm U, Thomsen P. Biological Factors Contributing To Failures Of Osseointegrated Oral Implants. (I). Success Criteria And Epidemiology. European Journal Of Oral Sciences, 106(1), 527–551.
Https://Doi.Org/10.1046/J.0909-8836.1998.Eos106101.X
[4] Sohn, D.-S., Lee, J.-H., & Kim, Y.-K. (2008). The Esthetic Outcome Of Single-Implant Restorations: Determinants And Management Of Soft Tissue Changes. Journal Of Esthetic And Restorative Dentistry, 20(3), 119–130.
Https://Doi.Org/10.1111/J.1708-8240.2008.00173.X
[5] Gehrke, S. A., Pérez-Díaz, L., & Dedavid, B. A. (2019). Influence Of Implant Diameter And Length On Implant Stability And Marginal Bone Level: A Systematic Review. Journal Of Prosthetic Dentistry, 121(5), 831–837.
Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Prosdent.2018.07.005

Abstract: There has been a strong influence of cardiovascular disease on oral health. There are different types of cardiovascular diseases which includes myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, stroke, heart failure etc. Observational studies shown a positive association between cardiovascular diseases and oral health. Some of the studies also shown that there is a positive association between cardiovascular diseases and periodontitis. Trigger factors for cardiovascular diseases includes high blood pressure, smoking, alcohol, obesity etc. which plays an important role in oral health. Preventive measures and oral health maintenance are necessary to prevent further complications. Preventive measures include maintaining good oral hygiene, scaling, root planning and surgical debridement if needed, cessation of smoking and alcoholism, long term observation of inflammatory responses, systemic markers etc....

Key Words: oral health, cardiovascular diseases, periodontitis, preventive measures, oral hygiene.

[1] Meurman JH, Sanz M, Janket SJ. Oral Health, Atherosclerosis, And Cardiovascular Disease. Critical Reviews In Oral Biology & Medicine. 2004 Nov;15(6):403-13.
[2] Holmlund, Anders Et Al.Oral Health And Cardiovascular Disease Risk In A Cohort Of Periodontitis Patients Atherosclerosis, Volume 262, 101 – 106
[3] Park SY, Kim SH, Kang SH, Yoon CH, Lee HJ, Yun PY, Youn TJ, Chae IH. Improved Oral Hygiene Care Attenuates The Cardiovascular Risk Of Oral Health Disease: A Population-Based Study From Korea. European Heart Journal. 2019 Apr 7;40(14):1138-45.
[4] Lazureanu PC, Popescu FG, Stef L, Focsa M, Vaida MA, Mihaila R. The Influence Of Periodontal Disease On Oral Health Quality Of Life In Patients With Cardiovascular Disease: A Cross-Sectional Observational Single-Center Study. Medicina. 2022 Apr 24;58(5):584.
[5] Meurman JH, Bascones-Martinez A. Oral Infections And Systemic Health-More Than Just Links To Cardiovascular Diseases. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2021 Jan 1;19(1):441-8.

Abstract: Background: Dental interns, due to their limited clinical experience, are particularly vulnerable to these risks. This study aims to assess the knowledge and awareness among dental internship students regarding needle stick injury (NSIs), personal protective equipment (PPE) and waste disposal management. The study underscores the urgent need for comprehensive, hands-on training programs in dental education, emphasizing the importance of adherence to safety....

Key Words: dental interns, clinical safety, dental education, training programs

[1] Al-Omiri MK, Saad S. Needlestick Injuries And The Associated Risks In Dentistry. J Oral Sci. 2017;59(3):337-41.
[2] Sanjay Varshan Et Al. Knowledge And Awareness Of Needle Stick Injury Among Dental Students. Journal For Educators, Teachers And Trainers 2022
[3] Arooj S, Ahmad T. Needlestick Injuries In Dental Healthcare Workers: A Review. J Oral Health Dent Manag. 2017;16(1)
[4] Mohammed Abdullah Jabber Et Al. A Survey Of Needle Sticks And Other Sharp Injuries Among Dental Undergraduate Students. International Journal Of Infection Control 2011.
[5] National Institute For Occupational Safety And Health (NIOSH). Preventing Needlestick Injuries In Healthcare Settings. 2018

Abstract: Background: To describe a rare case of morning glory anomaly in which 30% can have retinal detachment.
Methods: It is a Case report of patient who had incidental finding of morning glory anomaly after he came to out patient department with history of trauma, also retinal detachment was seen in fundus finding for which surgery was suggested Results: The case describes a 36 year old male with no systemic illness who had come with diminution of vision in right eye followed by history of trauma with sugarcane stick after complete ophthalmic evaluation found to have morning glory syndrome with retinal detachment inferiorly involving macula involving horse shoe tear nasally towards periphery......

[1] F. Salmon, J. (2019) Kanski’s Clinical Ophthalmology. 9th Edition, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
[2] Chaudhuri Z, Vanathi M. Postgraduate Ophthalmology, Two Volume Set. Wife Goes On; 2011.
[3] Parson,John Herbert. & Miller, Stephen J.H.(1978).Parsons’ Diseases Of The Eye. Edinburgh; New York:New York: Churchill Livingstone;Distributed By Longman

Abstract: Background: Understanding the epidemiological profile of patients presenting with dermatitis can help in improving health care systems and policy making. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the epidemiological profile of patients presenting with dermatitis, including demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, and risk factors associated with different forms of dermatitis. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between November 1, 2023, and October 31, 2024,....

Key Words: Atopic dermatitis; contact dermatitis; epidemiological profile; seborrheic dermatitis; topical corticosteroids

[1] Sternbach G, Callen Jp (1985) Dermatitis. Emerg Med Clin North Am 3:677–692
[2] Woo Te, Somayaji R, Haber Rm, Parsons L (2019) Scratching The Surface: A Review Of Dermatitis. Adv Skin Wound Care 32:542–549
[3] Hogan Dj, Dannaker Cj, Maibach Hi (1990) The Prognosis Of Contact Dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol 23:300–307
[4] Drucker Am, Wang Ar, Li W-Q, Sevetson E, Block Jk, Qureshi Aa (2017) The Burden Of Atopic Dermatitis: Summary Of A Report For The National Eczema Association. J Invest Dermatol 137:26–30
[5] Bailiff Oa, Mowad Cm (2021) Mimics Of Dermatitis. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 41:493–515

Abstract: Durring neurosurgical procedure, Central venous catheterization is frequently required for the safe administration of medications that may damage peripheral veins, for administration of ionotropes or vasopressors, for the placement of temporary transvenous pacemakers, and for providing invasive hemodynamic monitoring. Although various complications are well-documented with the insertion of central venous catheters, reports of cardiac arrest during their placement remain rare. We present a unique case of sustained ventricular fibrillation....

Key Words: debrillation, cardiac arrest, heart-brain crosstalk, brain tumour, neurosurgery, ventricullar fibrillation, central venous cannulation

[1] Thushara M, Neema PK. Commentary: Brain-Heart Crosstalk . Ann Card Anaesth. 2023, 26:329-32.
[2] Flannery KR, Wilson SP, Manteuffel J: Ventricular Tachycardia Cardiac Arrest During Central Line Placement . Am J Emerg Med. 2016, 34:114-3.
[3] Fiaccadori E, Gonzi G, Zambrelli P, Tortorella G: Cardiac Arrhythmias During Central Venous Catheter Procedures In Acute Renal Failure: A Prospective Study. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1996, 7:1079-84.
[4] Pawar NH, Vasanwala FF, Chua M: Brain Tumor Causing Atrial Fibrillation In An Otherwise Healthy Patient . Cureus. 2017, 9:1601.
[5] Davis AM, Natelson BH: Brain-Heart Interactions. The Neurocardiology Of Arrhythmia And Sudden Cardiac Death. Tex Heart Inst J. 1993, 20:158-169

Abstract: Student attendance is considered as an important factor contributing to academic performance in medical education. This will become all the more relevant in the context of Competency based medical education where clinical contact and skills are necessary to develop competence. Student’s absenteeism is a continuous problem in medical education despite mandatory attendance policies introduced by the universities. Aim & objectives: To understand the effect of attendance and performance in theory and practical exams in biochemistry,....

Key Words: Theory, Practical, Internal Assessment

[1] Sangeeta M., Varalakshmi KL. Association Between Class Attendance And Internal Assessment Marks In Anatomy. Indian J Clinanat Physiol. 2019; 6(1):38-40.
[2] Badyal DK., Singh S., Singh T. Construct Validity And Predictive Utility Of Internal Assessment In Undergraduate Medical Education. Nat Med J India. 2017; 30(3):151154.
[3] Singh T Anshu. Principles Of Assessment In Medical Education. 1st Ed. New Delhi: Jaypee Publishers; 2012.
[4] Medical Council Of India. Assessment Module For Undergraduate Medical Education Training Program, 2019:1-29.
[5] Badyal DK., Singh S., Singh T. Construct Validity And Predictive Utility Of Internal Assessment In Undergraduate Medical Education. Nat Med J India. 2017; 30(3):151154

Abstract: Colonic pathologies are common in elderly patients, and colonoscopy remains the gold standard for their evaluation. This study aims to report the indications for colonoscopy and the endoscopic abnormalities observed in patients aged 60 and above. We conducted a retrospective descriptive study over a four-year period (January 2020 to January 2024), including colonoscopies performed on patients aged 60 years and older. In our study, a total of 241 colonoscopies were performed in this age group, with a mean age of 65 years and a male predominance.....

Key Words: Colonoscopy, elderly patients, colorectal cancer, screening, awareness

[1] New England Journal Of Medicine (2023). "Colonoscopy For Colorectal Cancer Screening In The Elderly: A Risk-Benefit Analysis."
[2] Santé Publique France. Évaluation Du Programme De Dépistage Organisé Du Cancer Du Côlon-Rectum Sur La Période 2018-2019 Et 2020 : Indicateurs Nationaux. 12 Juillet 2022.
[3] R. Benamouzig, Et Al, Faut-Il Poursuivre Le Dépistage Du Cancer Colorectal Après 75 Ans ? Hépato-Gastro Et Oncologie Digestive. 2019.
[4] A. Qaseem Et Al. Screening For Colorectal Cancer In Asymptomatic Average-Risk Adults: A Guidance Statement From The American College Of Physicians", Publié Dans l'Annals Of Internal Medicine 2023.
[5] Société Française d’Endoscopie Digestive 2021. "Recommandations Pour Le Suivi Post-Polypectomie. 2021

Abstract: Background: In children bruxism is often reported by parents and caretakers. This para function although a self-limiting condition may indicate underlying psychological and medical disorders. The aim of the study is to answer the question regarding global prevalence of sleep bruxism in children over the past decade and how the study characteristics like sample size, age group and diagnostic criteria have an impact on the overall estimate. Materials and methods: A systematic search was done in PubMed and Google Scholar database to identify all the studies related to bruxism....

Key Words: Sleep bruxism, children, prevalence, associated factors, systematic review and meta-analysis

[1] Castrillon EE, Exposto FG. Sleep Bruxism And Pain. Dent Clin North Am. 2018 Oct;62(4):657-663. Doi: 10.1016/J.Cden.2018.06.003. Epub 2018 Aug 14. PMID: 30189988.
[2] Demjaha G, Kapusevska B, Pejkovska-Shahpaska B. Bruxism Unconscious Oral Habit In Everyday Life. Open Access Macedonian Journal Of Medical Sciences. 2019 Mar 3;7(5):876.
[3] Leung AK, Wong AH, Lam JM, Hon KL. Sleep Bruxism In Children: A Narrative Review. Current Pediatric Reviews. 2025;21(1):40-50.
[4] Câmara-Souza MB, De Figueredo OM, Rodrigues Garcia RC. Association Of Sleep Bruxism With Oral Health-Related Quality Of Life And Sleep Quality. Clinical Oral Investigations. 2019 Jan 29;23:245-51.
[5] Kapagiannidou D, Koutris M, Wetselaar P, Visscher CM, Van Der Zaag J, Lobbezoo F. Association Between Polysomnographic Parameters Of Sleep Bruxism And Attrition‐Type Tooth Wear. Journal Of Oral Rehabilitation. 2021 Jun;48(6):687-91

Abstract: Introduction: In clinical practice, it is crucial to identify variations in the median nerve including unusual branching patterns or unexpected connections as these factors can affect surgical results and lead to distinct nerve compression problems. Aims and Objectives: To investigate the median nerve in cadavers of varying ages and genders.
Material and Method: This study involved the examination of 24 upper limbs from 12 formalin-preserved cadavers in the dissection hall....

Key Words: Median nerve, Lateral cord, Medial cord.

[1] Datta AK. In: Essentials Of Human Anatomy. Vol 3, 5th Ed., Kolkata: Current Books International. 2017.
[2] Standring S. Gray’s Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis Of Clinical Practice. 41st Ed., Philadelphia: Elsevier. 781-783 2016.
[3] Encarnacion M, Nurmukhametov R, Barrientos R.E, Melchenko D, Goncharov E, Bernard E, Huerta J.M, Uhl J.F, Efe I.E, Montemurro N Et Al. Anatomical Variations Of The Median Nerve: A Cadaveric Study. Neurol. Int. 14, 664–672 2022.
[4] Natsis K, Paraskevas G, Tzika M. Five Roots Pattern Of Median Nerve Formation. Acta Med. 59, 26–28 2016

Abstract: Background: The choice of medical specialities has become increasingly relevant, especially in radiology. This study aims to document the perceptions and factors that inform medical students to choose radiology as their career area and to identify factors influencing the perceptions of radiology as a speciality in a medical school in Nigeria. Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional survey methodology. A total of 314 medical students from a medical school in southern....

Key Words: Radiology, Choice of Specialty, Technological Innovation, Medical Students

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