iosr-JPBS   Volume-13 ~ Issue-4 ~ July-August 2018

Abstract: In a quickly globalising world, social media trends are on the rise. Virtual realities are taking over what used to be real-time physical experiences. The advancements in technology and overall standards of living is also altering lifestyle choices and consequent health outcomes across populations. Being underweight was considered a serious public health problem and assisted in managing nutritional status in crises situations. However, recent trends show that being overweight has also become a problem. To maintain a balance between the two extremes is the task facing all peoples today. It is against this background that this paper seeks to understand the anthropometric dimensions of young Nigerian males of North-eastern origins.

Keywords: Chemotherapeutic Drugs Frequency, Cancer Stage, Systems of the Body, Breast Cancer, Cisplatin

Abstract: Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide.Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a progressive and complex disorder that is difficult to treat effectively in the long term. This study was conducted to interviewed 132 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes at main center for diabetes treatment in the Cyrina cityduring period from January 2017 to December 2017. Several parameters were detected, including age, sex, time of disease, levels of (FBS, HBA1C), diabetes duration, hyperatintion and name of antidiabetic drug. Of the 132 patients, 56.06% (n=74), 43.93% (n=58) were female and male respectively, with the mean age of 54 years (30– 85). The most diabetes patient age group was 41-50 years old followed by 51-60 years old (32.4% and 31% of the subjects). Around 82% of pateins had diabetesless than five years ago.Hypertension was present in 17.2% of male and 35% of female subjects. The majority of the patients were overweight. Six antidiabitic drugs were stuudied and foundout corelation between different drugs with age and diabites duration. In conclusion metformin is the first line treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus but if there is inadequate response it will be replaced by Janumet.Education is recommended, combined with other preventive measures to reduce complications of disease.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to determine the anticandidosic activities of new chalcones against a clinical strain of Candida albicans resistant to antifungal Azole, and then to determine the structural elements conducive to induction of anticandidosic activities. Ten chalcones hybrids, all of which contain phenylpropenone or pyridinylpropenone chains in their respective molecules, have been designed, synthesized and characterized. In order to select the active compounds at the 10 μg threshold, an antifungal screening was performed using the bioautographic method. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) of the selected compounds were then determined in vitro on the clinical.........

Keywords: Benzimidazole. Arylpropenone. Chalcone. anticandidosic. Candida albicans

Abstract: Malassezia fungus yeast has many species as constituent of human scalp dandruff. But Malassezia furfur is predominant in the locally observed infected scalp of select individuals. The species survives effectively due to the organism's ability to secret extracellular lipolytic enzymes degrading oily substrate on the scalp. The present experiment verified this fact in in vitro condition and attempted to inhibit the enzyme activity by application of select plant extracts (nine) through the assay medium. The collected enzyme lipase of M. furfur, was qualitatively, morphologically and biochemically characterized, purified and confirmed through protein estimation of the crude extract, dialysis of the content, column chromatography fractionation and finally by SDS PAGE in sequence to study the objectives. Among nine medicinal plant extracts tested for inhibitory effect on lipase activity, the percent inhibition was found maximum by the extract of Piper longum (Linn.) as 35.32%, followed by Ficus benghalensis..............

Keywords: Malassezia, Dandruff, Lipase, Medicinal plants, Inhibitory assay

Abstract: Background: Cervical radiculopathy is a common cause of morbidity. Its management often requires clinical, electrodiagnostic and radiological evaluation, and its treatment may include surgery. Objectives: assess the importance of the cervical paraspinal muscles in the diagnosis of cervical radiculopathy. Subjects and methods: Ninety five (95) patients with cervical radiculopathy with a mean age of (48.4±11) years and twenty six (26) healthy control subjects with a mean age of (45.2±10.1) years involved in the study. Needle EMG of the cervical paraspinal muscles in addition to six upper limbs muscles were performed. Results: The percentage, sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of each level of cervical radiculopathy was increased by the combination of the needle EMG abnormalities of the cervical paraspinal muscles with that of the upper limbs muscles..............

Keywords: Electrodiagnostic (EDX), electromyography EMG, paraspinalmuscles (PSM), upper limb (UL).

Abstract: Knowledge of the normal Diameters of the Inferior Vena Cava is important regarding the detection of the abnormal and valuable in the treatment of patients with treatment of patients suffering from traumatic shock. The study was undertaken to evaluate, through computerized tomography, the diameters of the Inferior Vena Cava, as well as they, are connected to gender, age, and body surface area. A retrospective cohort study was performed at included 72 patients (41 males and 31 females) with a mean age of 47.2 years consecutive adults free of cardiac or aortic structural disease or arrhythmia who referred for abdominal CT scanning in the radiology department of Royal Care Hospital...........

Keywords: Evaluation, Inferior Vena Cava Diameters, Sudanese's, Multidetector Computed Tomography

Abstract: Background: SSEP studies theoretically should be of help in evaluating patients with suspected root lesions because they are the only simple means (excluding F and H wave studies) of studying sensory function in proximal portions of the PNS .The interest in using SSEP for the evaluation of radiculopathies is based on the fact that symptoms and signs in radiculopathies can usually be related to injury to afferent fibers, and SSEP can monitor injury to these fibers. Objective:test the sensitivity of the spinalN13 potential in uncovering lesions of cervical nerve root. Subjects and methods: Ninety five (95) patients with cervical radiculopathy with a mean age of (48.4±11) years and twenty six (26) healthy control subjects with a mean age of (45.2±10.1) years involved in the study. Rt and Lt sides median and Rt side ulnar.........

Keywords: SSEP somatosensory evoked potential, Rt right, Lt left, EMG electromyography.

Abstract: Staphylococcus aureus isolate was obtained from microbiology lab of biology department and re- identified as methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) by biochemical test and methicillin kit. Staphyloxanthin pigment was extracted by ethanol and centrifugation method. Effect of antioxidant activity of this pigment was studied on macrophage cell by using blood specimen and DPA. The result were showed the MRSA cell which treated with DPA and mixed with blood give no bacterial growth, while MRSA cell without treatment with DPA give bacterial growth. This means the DPA inhibit pigment synthesis and no antioxidant for macrophage happened and engulfment of bacterial cell happened and shows no growth for bacteria..

Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphyloxanthin, Antioxidant, Macrophage

Abstract: Urinary tract infection is a major public health problem in terms of morbidity and financial cost and represents one of the most common diseases encountered in medical practice today with an estimated 150 million UTIs per annum worldwide. It remains a commonly diagnosed infection both in community as wells as in hospitalized pregnant mothers and Escherichia coli was found to be the most common pathogen of UTI both in community and hospital acquired infections . The main objective determines antimicrobials susceptibility pattern on Escherichia coli isolates causing urinary tract infection in pregnant women attending Kisii Teaching and Referral Hospital. The study was a Cross-sectional descriptive study where systematic sampling was used to recruit the respondents that meet.........

Abstract: Ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) is an autosomal recessive condition that manifests itself in childhood and is characterized by progressive cerebellar ataxia, Purkinge cell degeneration, stagno-ponderal delay, and others neurodegenerative manifestations. Genetically, AT individuals have mutations in the ATM protein (mutated telangiectasia ataxia), which is directly associated with the cellular mechanism of response to DNA damage. ATM can exert its function by acting on key proteins of the cell cycle that are induced in response to a variety of stimuli, including oxidative stress, hypoxia, growth factor stimulation, through the phosphorylation of their targets, with consequent modulation of activity and of the function of these proteins. Due of the role of ATM in stopping the cell cycle, deficient cells of this protein fail to induce verification of genetic damage, resulting in DNA replication and error propagation........

Abstract: Astaxanthin is a reddish pigment that belongs to a group of chemical called carotenoids. It occur naturally in certain algae and causes the pinkish red color in salmon, trout, lobster, shrimp and other seafood. It may be used as feed supplement and food coloring additive for salmon, crab, shrimp and chicken. It also may a role in treating various diseases like cancer, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, diabetics etc., Hence, standardization of both microencapsulated and non-encapsulated astaxanthin drug is necessary before testing it in DEN induced mice. Astaxanthin was encapsulated using different compound like sodium alginate, calcium chloride, liposomes, chitosan and TPP. Drug standardization and qualitative analysis of heavy metals in test samples were performed. Overall result shows that microencapsulated and non-encapsulated astaxanthin drug have good quality and purity. Further, it can be used against in vitro and in vivo hepatocellular carcinoma in mice.

Keywords: Astaxanthin, Standardization, Heavy metals, Foreign matter, Organoleptic features.