IOSR-JAP   Volume-13 ~ Issue-3 ~ May – June 2021

ABSTRACT: This paper deals mainly with the general characteristics of pseudo-central collision events observed in pion-nucleus interactions. To study the interactions, the nuclear emulsion technique has been used. The results discussed are the probability of occurrence of central collision events and the mean values of the produced particles and their dependence on incident beam energy. The mean normalized multiplicity seems to vary linearly with energy for pion and proton interactions both. Regarding the variation of mean normalized multiplicity with the number of collisions made by the incident particle inside the target nucleus, we have studied its dependence on the number of grey particles because grey particles are considered as the best measure of encounters. The dependence of compound particle multiplicity on projectile energy has also been discussed..

Keywords: Grey, black, shower and heavily ionizing particles, nuclear emulsion, mean normalized multiplicity
PACS :13.85, 25.80. Hp

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ABSTRACT: According to Yangton and Yington Theory, all photons and electrons have predetermined quantum energy states (Hidden Variables). During photon polarization and electron magnetic polarization processes, their quantum states (Hidden Variables) can be changed either by adding energy to electron or reducing energy from photon to become a new quantum states (Field Dependent Hidden Variables). For further transformation (polarization processes), according to Principle of Normalization, a normalized quantum energy states can be achieved (Normalized Field Dependent Hidden Variables). Since Bell Inequality based on Set Theory can only be applied on the same sample space, therefore, for polarization experiments applying on the mixed sample spaces (Hidden Variables and Field Dependent...

Keywords; Quantum Entanglement, Superposition, EPR Paradox, Bell's Inequality, Hidden Variables, Electron Spin, Photon Spin, Optical Polarization, Magnetic Polarization, Schrödinger Cat.

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[4]. Edward T. H. Wu. "Hidden Variables versus Bell's Inequality and Conflicts of Superposition, Complementarity and Entanglement in Quantum Mechanics." IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP), 12(3), 2020, pp. 24-35.
[5]. Edward T. H. Wu. "Photon Polarization and Entanglement Interpreted by Yangton and Yington Theory." IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP), 12(3), 2020, pp. 01-06.

ABSTRACT: The conservation of energy of the potential dependent special relativity has been studied. It was found that the conservation could be secured when using vector four-dimensional representation with the fourth time component is imaginary and related to the momentum. The energy expression has been used to derive new quantum equation for weak field. Treating particles as strings an imaginary energy has been found .the imaginary part is quantized and proportional to the liberated photon energy .This resembles the imaginary wave number reflecting the energy liberated by electromagnetic waves upon interaction with medium.

Key Words: energy, conservation, potential dependent special relativity, string, imaginary energy.

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ABSTRACT: We explain why Anyons have e/3 charge. We assume Anyons are Electrons confined to a plane. The model predicts Anyons are massless.

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