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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Biochemical, Anti Microbial and Organoleptic Studies on Rajgira (Amaranthus Caudatus).
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. Jyoti D. Vora, **Ms. Priyanka Jadhav and Ms. Ashwini Rane
	:	10.9790/3008-09260105

Abstract: Pseudocereals are broadleaf plants (non-grasses) that are used in much the same way as cereals (true cereals are grasses). Amaranth has been cultivated as a grain for 8,000 years. It was a staple food of the Aztecs, and was used as an integral part of Aztec religious ceremonies. Seeds of pseudo cereal plant species Amaranthus cauadtus was chosen for the study of germination profile and comparision study was done with a Cereal plant species Wheat. Amaranth is a highly nutritious and non-allergenic crop with remarkable nutraceutical properties.

[[1]. Biochemical methods, 2nd edition,
[2]. Dr. S. Sadasivam, A Manickam
[3]. New Age International Publication
[4]. Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques, 2nd Edition
[5]. Dr. C. Kothari
[6]. New Age International Publication

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Role of herbs in root canal irrigation-A review
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Pratishta Jain1, Manish Ranjan
	:	10.9790/3008-09260610

Abstract: One of the major objectives of a root canal treatment is to disinfect the root canal system. Irrigation is carried out to reduce the number of bacteria in the root canals. For this purpose, a wide variety of synthetic drugs are available today but due to the ineffectiveness, safety concerns and side effects of these synthetic drugs, the herbal alternatives for endodontic irrigants might be advantageous. Herbal alternatives are popular mainly due to their easy availability, cost effectiveness, increased shelf life and low toxicity. Thus this review aims at providing a comprehensive overview of the various herbal endodontic irrigants and their efficacy in carrying out root canal irrigation.

Keywords: chlorhexidine, herbs, irrigation, root canal, sodium hypochlorite

[1]. Calt S, Serper A, Time dependent effects of EDTA on dentine structures, journal of endodontics, 28 (1), 2002, 459–461.

[2]. Hulsmann M, Heckendorff M, Lennon A, Chelating agents in root canal treatment: mode of action and indications for their use, Int Endodont J, 36, 2003, 810–830.

[3]. Sharad Kamat , Rajeev K , Prahlad Saraf., Role Of Herbs In Endodontics. An Update, Endodontology.

[4]. Zehnder M. Root canal irrigants, J Endod, 32, 2006, 389–98.

[5]. Peter E. Murray, Romi M. Farber, Kenneth N, Namerow et.al. Evaluation of Morinda citrifolia as an Endodontic Irrigant, J Endod, 34, 2008, 66-70.

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	PRELIMINARY PHOTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION AND TLC ANALYSIS OF P. ANGULATED FRUIT EXTRACT
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Raju Porika, Sateesh Poojari, Venkanna Lunavath, Estari Mamidala
	:	10.9790/3008-09261114

Abstract: The Present Study Is Aimed To Investigate The Phytochemicals Present In Hexane, Chloroform, Ethyl Acetate, Acetone And Methanolic Extracts Obtained From Fruits Of Physalis Angulata Plant And TLC Profiling. The Plant Material Was Extracted With Various Solvents Based On Their Polarity By The Process Of Maceration Method. Preliminary Phytochemical Analysis Was Performed By Different Qualitative Methods. Preliminary Phytochemical Analysis Of The Extracts Revealed The Presence Of Carbohydrates, Tannins, Alkaloids, Saponins And Phenolic Compounds.

[1] Amini A, Dictionary Of Therapeutic Plants. Tehran University Publication, 157-159. Tehran, 2004.

[2] Chiang HC, Jaw SM, Chen CF, Kan WS Antitumor Agent, Physalin F From Physalis Angulata L. Anticancer Res 12: 837-843, (1992a).

[3] Lin YS, Chiang HC, Kan WS, Hone E, Shih SJ, Won MH (1992).

[4] Soares MB, Bellintani MC, Ribeiro IM, Tomassini TC, Ribeiro Dos Santos R (2003).

[5] Lorenzi, H., 1982. Plantas Daninhas Do Brasil. Nova Odessa, S˜Ao Paulo, Brasil, Pp. 372.

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Effects Of Mustard Seed Oil On Prolong On Protein-Bound Iodine,Globulin And Albumin Of Albino Rats
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Aloh Godwin Sunday, Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi, Okafor Arinze H
	:	10.9790/3008-09261517

Abstract: The effect of commercial-grade mustard seed oil on plasma protein-bound iodine (PBI), globulin and albumin levels was studied in albino rats. Group 2 (experimental rats) was given 0.1ml of the oil orally three times daily for five days, while group 1 (control) was not. At the end of the five days, the mean concentrations of PBI, globulin and albumin levels in the experimental rats were 3.96μg/ml, 0.35g/dl and 3.85mg/100ml respectively when compared with the control values of 3.43μg/ml. 0.35g/dl and 2.55mg/100ml respectively. This study indicates that mustard seed oil causes the binding away of metabolic iodine that does not involve immunologic mechanisms since the globulin level did not differ from that of the control, while not impairing the transport of thyroxine to the target organs as albumin level was not lowered.

Keywords: Mustard seed oil, thyroxine, albumin and iodine.

[1]. Bryan, J. and Lower, H. (1996). Lloyd's Survey Handbook, 6, Aufi., London, New York, Hong Kong, 6.
[2]. Darmstadt, G. L., Mao-Qiang, M., Chi, E., Saha, S. K., Ziboh, V.A., Black, R. E., Santosham, M., and Elias, P. M. (2002). Impact of oil on the skin barrier: possible implicatons for neonatal health in developing countries. Acta Pediatrics, 91 (5): 540-554.
[3]. Hemmingway, J. S. (1995). The utilization of mustards. A Journal of Economic of Botany, 13: (3), 196-204.

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Hepatoprotective Effects Of Gambia Albidum Bark Extract
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Aloh Godwin Sunday, Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi, Onyeonoru Tochi C.
	:	10.9790/3008-09261822

Abstract: The hepatoprotective effects of ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts of Gambia albidum were investigated on albino rats. The rats were grouped into four, A,B,C and D, in which A and B were positive and negative controls respectively. Hepatotoxicity was induced in group A with carbon tetrachloride only but not treated while it was not induced in (group B), the positive control. The hepatotoxicity induced in group C animals was treated with steam-borne ethanol extract while that of group D with ethyl acetate extract. The parameters measured were lipid peroxidation products, bilirubin, AST, protein, cholesterol.

[1]. Kelly, G.S., (2000). Insulin Resistance. Life Style and Nutritional Intervention.Alternative Medical Review, 5(2): 109-132.
[2]. Lopez, A.M. (1999). Plants Extracts with Cytostatic Properties. Cubana Med. Trop 31(2): 97-99.
[3]. Ochei, J and Kol, K. (2007). A medical Laboratory Science, Theory and Practice. Sixth edition. Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, New Delhi.
[4]. Reitman, S.N. and Frankel, S.A. (1957). A Colorimetric Method for the Determination of Glutamic Pyrivic Transaminase and Glutamic Oxaloacetate Transaminase. American Journal of Clinical Pathology. Vol. 28:56-63,
[5]. World Health Organization (1978). The Promotion Development of Traditional Medicine, Report of WHO meeting, WHO Technical Report series. 22:23-47.

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Anti-Microbial and Phytochemical Screening of the Seed Extracts of Persea Americana (AVOCADO PEAR)
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Ilozue N.M., Ikezu U.P. , Ugwu Okechukwu P.C.
	:	10.9790/3008-09262325

Abstract: The seed of Persea americana was extracted with four different solvents and subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening which revealed the presence of steroids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids and cardiac glycoside. Antimicrobial activity of the seed extracts against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi was carried out using the disc diffusion techniques. The ethylacetate extract demonstrated pronounced activity against the test organisms. The activity of methanol extract against S. aureus was (31 mm) while that of petroleum ether was (5mm) against E.coli. However, S. typhi and E. coli were resistant to chloroform and methanol extracts. The activity of ethylactate, chloroform and methanol extracts compared favourably with that of the antibiotics erythromycin used as standard.

[1]. Cowan, M.M (2002): Plant Products as antimicrobial agents. Clin Microbial. Rev., 12:564-582
[2]. Hill, A.F (1952): Economic Botany : A Textbook of Useful plant and plant products. 2nd ed. McGraw- Hill Book company Inc, New York .Pp 7
[3]. Balandrin M.F., Kjocke A.J and WQurtele D.F (1985): Natural Plant Chemicals sources of Industrial and Pharmaceutics, Human press, New Jersey USA; Pp. 137-141.
[4]. Pacific Health Inform (2005) General Health Products and Alternative Medicine.www.file /1A:/ pacific Health. Info % 20>> % 20 Products. htm.
[5]. Saver, J.D (1993): Historical Geography of crop plants- A selected rooster. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida Pp 1014-1017.
[6]. Pamplora, G.D and Roger M.D (1999). Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants. Vol. 1 Desktop publishing, spainpp 70-77 PP 719-720.
[7]. Artega J.R, Zhang Q., Huerta S, Go V.l and Herber D. (2005): inhibition of Prostate Cancer cell growth by an avocado extract: role of lipid-soluble bioactive substances. J. Nutr. Biochem 16:23-30.

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Mixed IgG, IgM and IgA Cryoglobulin Response in Human Typhoid Patients
Country	:	Iraq
Authors	:	Ibrahim M.S. Shnawa, Ahmed. J. Alsarhan
	:	10.9790/3008-09262629

Abstract: Cryoglobulin response appeared within one to four days at 4°C and redissolved at 37 and 45°C within 1/2 to 2.1/2 hrs . The texture of the cryoglobulin was gelatinous 49:60( 81.7 % ) and flocculent 8: 60 ( 13.3 % ) . The mean of cryocrit percent among typhoid patients was 6.1 % while among control was 0.2 Cryoglobulin response was associated with RF in 28:57 ( 49.12 % ) among typhoid patients sera and nil among controls . The immunofixation studies using radial immunodiffusion in gel have shown that type of cryoglobulin response was of mixed type IgG-IgM-IgA . The RF associated cryoglobulinemia have shown higher IgG concentration than non RF associated cryoglobulin . The Ig classes have shown individual variations .S.typhi O agglutinins were 46:57 ( 80.7 % ) in typhoid . Thus , type IIIsecondary mixed IgG-IgM-IgA cryoglobulinemia associated with typhoid patients sera with S.typhi O specific cold agglutinins as well.
Keywords: Cryoglobulin, Typhoid, IgM, IgA, IgG.

[1]. Shnawa I.M.S. and Hindi W.A.Z. ( 1996 ) . Febrile circulating agglutinins . Al-Techniq . 31:29-35 .
[2]. Shnawa, I. M. S. and Al-Amide, B. H. (2004). Humoral immune profiles infection form and epidemiology of typhoid. J. Babylon. Univ. 9(3) :554-561.
[3]. Shnawa I.M.S. and Al-Sadi M.A.K. ( 2001 ) .Gut mucosal immunoglobulin: Separation ,partial characterization and utility Infection probe.Iraq.J.Micrbiol.13(3);57-70.
[4]. Abid ,F.J., (2000). Comparative study between local and systemic humoralimmune response in typhoid patient . M. Sc. Thesis . Babylon University.
[5]. Al-Amar M.H.A. ( 2006 ) . Some aspects of specific immunity for S.typhi in typhoid patients and in rabbits. Ph.D. Thesis , Babylon University , College of science , Department of Biology.

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Study on Predicting Various Mining Techniques Using Weighted Itemsets
Country	:	India
Authors	:	J. Jenifa, Dr. V. Sampath Kumar
	:	10.9790/3008-09263039

Abstract: Pattern mining is one among datamining technique meant to reveal the existing patterns from data. Datamining is helpful for retrieving the hidden and most interesting patterns. Frequent mining can be obtained with and without candidate generation schemes. From the study of literature, complexity of data has been reduced by the utilization of Infrequent Pattern Mining method, which represents rare data correlations among data. The proposed approach is very helpful to handle the problem of predicting Infrequent and Weighted itemsets, which can be termed as Infrequent Weighted Itemset (IWI) mining problem. There are two methods have been used for handling IWI mining problem namely IWI and minimal IWI. To enhance the potential application such as medical science , biological datas by using IWI approach. How to extract the infrequent items from biological database depending on its weights and use the characteristics of the data how to develop some application. Experimental results show efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Index Terms: Clustering, Classification, Weighted Association rules and Infrequent pattern mining, Weighted support.

[1] A.Frank and A.Asuncion, "UCI machine learning repository," 2010. [Online]. Available: http://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml
[2] Cong, A. K. H. Tung, X. Xu, F. Pan, and J. Yang, "Farmer: finding interesting rule groups in microarray datasets," in ACM SIGMOD 04, Paris, France, 2004.
[3] D. J. Haglin and A. M. Manning, "On minimal infrequent itemset mining," in Proceedings of the 2007 International Conference on Data Mining, DMIN'07. CSREA Press, 2007, pp. 141–147.
[4] F. Tao, F. Murtagh, and M. Farid, "Weighted association rule mining using weighted support and significance framework," in Proceedings of the ninth ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining, KDD'03, 2003, pp. 661–666.
[5] Gupta, A. Mittal, and A. Bhattacharya, "Minimally infrequent itemset mining using pattern-growth paradigm and residual trees," in COMAD, 2011, pp. 57–68.

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Effect of Luffa Aegyptiaca on Acetyl Choline Induced Contractions in Chick Ileum Preparation
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Aboobucker, Kavimani S., Jegadeesan M.
	:	10.9790/3008-09264043

Abstract: Luffa aegyptiaca belongs to family cucurbitaceae. The other name of this plant is vietanamese gourd or vietanamese luffa. The young fruit is eaten as vegetable. The fruit contains phytoconstituents such as carbohydrates, fat, protein, vitamins and minerals. The fruit section of Luffa aegyptiaca may be allowed to mature and used as bath or kitchen sponge after being processed to remove everything but network of xylem or fibres. The Luffa aegyptiaca fruit juice have been reported as a source of peroxidase. In the present study, the methanolic extract of Luffa aegyptica potentiated the Ach induced contractions in isolated chick ileal preparation. The log dose response curve of Ach is shifted towards the left hand side in presence of the extract.
Keywords: Acetylcholine, Chick ileum , Luffa aegyptiaca, Physostigmine.

[1]. Ashby JP and Speake RN.1975.Insulin and glucagon secretion from isolated islets of langerhans:The effect of calcium ionophores.J.Biochem.1975;150:89-96.
[2]. Chand N .,Laszlo de Roth.Ocurrence of H2 inhibitory histamine receptors in chicken ileum.European Journal of pharmacology.1978;52(1):143-145.
[3]. Charles MA .,Lawecki J .,Pictet T and Grodsky GM.Insulin secretion:Interrelationships of glucose,adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate and calcium.J.Biol.Chem.1975;250:6134-6140.
[4]. Charles R Craig and Robert E Stitzel.Editor.Modern pharmacology with clinical applications.6th Edition.Lipinscott Williams and Wilkins;2012.Drugs affecting the endocrine system.CH-67:774,765.
[5]. Chattopadhyay .,Roy RK .,Das AK .,Chaudhuri S .,Lahiri HL .,Maiti SP .,Das MM.Comparative studies of the effects of calcium channel blockers on isolated skeletal muscle preparation.Indian Journal of Pharm,acology.1992;24:233-234.

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Effect of phenolic compound extract of green tea to ameliorate the Cadmium Sulphate toxicity on the female rat kidneys
Country	:	Iraq
Authors	:	Zainab Ibrahim Muhammed
	:	10.9790/3008-09264450

Abstract: In the recent years, green tea has become asubject of widely studied for its beneficial effect in the treatment and prevention of human disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of daily oral consumption of phenolic compound extract of green tea for 30 days on kidney function in female rats that exposure to Cadmium Sulphate. Female Rats (6-8 weeks) age were divided in to four groups : control group , treatment group 1(receives 50 mg/L of Cadmium Sulphate with drinking water) ,treatment group2(receives 50 mg/L of cadmium sulphate and 400 mg/kg of phenolic compound of green tea)and treatment group 3(receives 400 mg/kg of phenolic compound extract of green tea).Plasma uric acid and creatinine levels were significantly increased in T1 group compared with control group and significantly decreased in T2group compared with T1 group.The study continued for 30 days and the kidneys were collected for histopathological studies.The phenolic compound extract of green tea protected kidney tissues against toxicity effect of cadmium sulphate as evidenced from amelioration of histopathological alterations and normalization of kidney biochemical parameters.

[1]. Aprioku, J.S&Obianime ,A. W.(2008). Effects of the aqueous leaf extract of Ocimumgratissimum Linn.(Lamiaceae) on some cadmium –induced biochemical changes in maleguinea-pigs. West .Afr .J. Pharmacol .Drug Res.,P.24.
[2]. Babu,P.V.;Sabitha,K.E.&Shyamaladevi,C.S.(2006).Green tea impedes dyslipidemia ,lipid peroxidation,protein glycation andameliorates Ca+2 –ATPase and Na+/K+ -ATPase activity in theheart of streptozotocin –diabetic rats. Chem. Biol. Interact., 162(2):157-164.
[3]. Bhattacharyya,M.H.;Wilson,A.K.; Rajan,S.S. &Jonah,M. (2000). Bio- chemical pathway in cadmium toxicity .In :ZalupRK, Koropatnick J, Eds Molecular Biology and Toxicology of Metals. London :Taylor and Francis ;pp.1-74.
[4]. Byrav, D.S., B. Medhi, K;Vaiphei, A;Chakrabarti, K.L; Khanduja,(2010) .Comparative evaluation of different doses of green tea extract alone and in combination with sulfasalazinein experimentally induced inflammatory bowel disease in rats. Digestive Diseases and sciences ,56(5):1369 -78.
[5]. Cabrera, C.;Gimenez ,R.& Lopez, M.C.(2003).Determination of teacomponents with antioxidant activity .J. Agric. FoodChem., 51 (15) :4427-35.

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Follicular Neoplasm Unmasking Ectopic Thyroid
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. Ashish Gopal, Dr. Sangeeta Singh, Dr. Meenakshi Sridhar
	:	10.9790/3008-09265154

Abstract: Rare possibilities like an adenoma or a malignancy may occur in ectopic thyroid tissue. These pathologies can mimic many midline or para-midline neck masses.Such conditions require a good clinical history and examination, apart from a keen eye for suspicion. We report a case of 35 year female presenting with a midline neck lump for 14 months.Elsewhere patient was worked up for suspicion of thyroglossal cyst and a tubercular node. We performed preliminary investigations including Thyroid profile, Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) and ultrasonography(USG) neck followed by Thyroid Sctintigraphy and Magnetic.Resonance Imaging (MRI) neck to confirm an ectopic thyroid and a satisfactory diagnosis of ectopic thyroid tissue undergone adenomatous transformation was made. Surgical neck exploration for removal of adenoma and pyramidal lobe with isthmusectomy was performed. Surgical specimen rendered for histopathology examination(HPE), confirmed the diagnosis. Clinical intuition and suspicion can unmask a rare pathology, not seen on day to day basis.
Key Words: EctopicThyroid, Follicular Adenoma, Midline Neck mass, Thyroid.

[1] H.Sargin, G.Kobacam, O. Köseoğulları, A. Şanlı, F. Murat, Erdoğan ,Three cases of lingual thyroid and review of literature.Turkish Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism,3, 01/2003, 131-135.
[2] A.SosciaG.Guerra, MP .Cinelli, D .Testa, V Galli, V Macchi, R .De Caro ,Para pharyngeal ectopic thyroid: The possible persistent of the lateral thyroid anlage -Clinical case report. Surgical and Radiological Anatomy, Aug; 26(4) 2004, 338-43. Epub 2004 May 8.
[3] H. Gharib, J.R.Goellner ,D.A. Johnson . Fine needle aspiration cytology of the thyroid: A 12 year experience with 11,000 biopsies.Clinical Laboratory Medicine Sep;13,1993, 699-709.
[4]. Leslie j De Groot, J.Larry Jameson .Endocrinology adult and pediatric –thyroid gland(Elsevier Health Science,Engelska ) 2013-05-0

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