iosr-JPBS   Volume-14 ~ Issue-6 ~ Nov.-Dec. 2019

Abstract: Chronichaemolyticanemia occurs due to haemolysis of RBC .It may be due to defect of haemoglobin synthesis and structure,or due to abnormal RBC structure. It is a major debiliting disease among the paediatric population often requiring repeated blood transfusion. As most of the chronic haemolyticanemia are genetically transmitted, the condition is worst in the tribal areas where rate of consanguineous marriage is quite high. This is reflected in different studies which show high prevalence of sickle cell disease and G-6-P-D among tribal population. However no reported study on the complete profile of chronic haemolytic anemia among the tribal paediatricpopulation has not been found. Sothe present study conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Bankura district of west Bengal,centering most of the tribal population of west Bengal has been conducted to find out the pattern of chronic haemolytic.....

Key Words: Chronic haemolytic anemia (CHA), β -thalassemia major, E-β thalassemia.Sickle cell disesase and G6Pd deficiency, Tribal.

Abstract: Our study aims to evaluate the action of Annona muricata ethyl extract in the traditional treatment of liver cancer in Wistar rats. This is an analytical, prospective and control study that took place at the Laboratory of Biomembrans and Cell Signaling of the University of Abomey Calavi. The objective of this study is to verify the effects of the ethyl extracts of Annona muricata leaves on the differentiation of hepatocytes in the Wistar rat. For this, an ethyl extraction was carried out using the dried leaf powder of Annona muricata and ethanol at 90°, as well as the extraction of the leaves of Cycas revoluta. Cycas revoluta-induced differentiation-lowering activity was assessed by assaying the total protein and alkaline phosphatase (PAL) parameters on a Wistar rat liver mash supernatant in which hepatocyte differentiation had previously been induced by exposure to the powder and ethyl extract of Cycas....

Key Words: Annona muricata, Cycas revoluta, hepatocytes, extract, differentiation.

Abstract: Polypharmacy is defined as the use of multiple medications by a single patient which is commonly observed among geriatric patients. The use of multiple medications has been shown to predispose patients to adverse drug reactions, drug-drug interactions and medication non compliance particularly in geriatric population. It is a Prospective Observational Study was conducted in a Tertiary care Hospital for a period of 6 months. The Patients who meet the inclusion criteria are recruited. The demographic details and baseline characteristics like age, gender, Social history, are taken. Data obtained from their case sheets and through direct patient interview. Assessment and evaluation of adverse drug reactions and drug-drug interactions is performed by using WHO causality assessment scale, stockley's drug interactions, Medscape and their frequencies are studied......

Key Words: Adverse drug reaction, Drug interactions, Polypharmacy.

Abstract: Introduction: The antiphospholipid syndrome is characterized by the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies associated with the occurrence of arterial and venous thromboses. Retinal involvement has been described in literature and may be indicative of (PAPS). An ophtalmologic assessment should be made, as well as a general assessment, when a PAPS is suspected in order to look for an arterial or venous retinal thrombosis. Purpose: To show that retinal vascular involvement can reveal a PAPS and that its diagnosis is as important as other associated affections considering the involvement of the functional prognosis. Observation: We report the cases of 3 patients with a median age of 40 years old, who consulted at the ophthalmic emergencies.....

Keywords: Primary antiphospholipid syndrome; vasculopathy; retina imparement; vascularocclusion; thrombotic accidents.

Abstract: In present time emulgel is new plateform for drug delievery system because it is useful for hydrophobic drugs. Currently emulsified gels have been growing faster in pharmaceutical topical dosage forms as well as another topical semisolid dosage form. Etoricoxib , a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, has been used in the treatment of joint pain, inflammation, arthritis. Etoricoxib reduces pain and inflammation by blocking COX2, enzyme in the body. This study was conducted to comparison study of parameters of marketed etoricoxib emulgel formulation. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of a new experimental medication for the treatment of moderate to severe joint pain and inflammation. For fulfilling this approach, we are preparting emulgel from Etoricoxib and oil phase of olive oil in emulsion. Because the delivery of the hydrophobic drugs.....

Keywords: Etoricoxib, gelling agents, topical drug delivery system, carbopol.

Abstract: Nanoparticle (NPs) biosynthetic discipline is still under development and recognized to have a big impact on numerous manufactures for a long time. Now a days silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is a thrust field for researchers in context to its antimicrobial property. There are three methods to synthesize AgNPs, which are charcaterized to be physically, chemically and biologically active. Physical and chemical techniques for the production of NPs are expensive, toxic, and non-ecofriendly. To overcome these problems, researchers have brought into practice the precise green routes. Now a days nanobiotechnological method is becoming popular because of its safe, non-toxic, cheap and ecofriendly nature using plants and microorganisms. Nanobiotechnology so far has been flourishing to produce AgNPs, which have rewarding applications in industry, health and medicinal sciences specifically due to their antimicrobial characteristics. This overview covers current trends of biosynthesis of AgNPs, and expression of their salient antimicrobial activity concomitant with their future biotechnological scope.....

Keywords: Nanotechnology, Silver nanoparticles, Silver nitrate, Antimicrobial activity, Green synthesis.

Abstract: This study was conducted in conjunction with increase rate of acute diarrhea in Khartoum state during 2016, admitted patients infected with only E. histolytica appears with severe sign and symptoms, like 3-4 times diarrhea per day, low grade of fever, vomiting and elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) level,which were observed among more than 60% ofadmitted patients with acute amoebic dysentery. Beside that most of patients were given a combination drug which is more effective than metronidazole alone. Our report indicates that new invasive or mutant strains were related to the severity of acute amoebiaisis. Thus,large scale molecular study for amoebiasistogether withantibiotic susceptibility test is the method of choice to identifyingthese virulence strains and to determine the effective antibiotics for patient care.

Keywords: Entamoeba histolytica, acute diarrhea,CRP.

Abstract: Sir Isaac Newton's three laws of motion are well known in the scientific world. But there is also a fourth law of motion. It is the one that exists only in the zero gravity of space. The stars, planets, moons, comets, and meteors in the space travels,revolve and orbits one another on the basis of this fourth law of motion. But scientific theorists has determined that the motion and rotation of space objects are caused because of the gravitational effects of large objects, that the small objects are rotating around them. Newton's law of universal gravitation states that the sun's gravitational pull is the factor that causes all the planets and moons to orbit the Sun in a circle. (Newton's law of universal gravitation is that Earth and other planets in our solar system travel in nearly circular objects around the sun is due to a centripetal force must keep them in orbit)......

Abstract: D-psicose is a unique monosaccharide sugar with prospective health benefits and physiologically safer than fructose. D-psicose is an enzymatic product of DPEase, converting fructose as substrate. The DPEase holds an important mechanism to produce D-psicose in laboratory and industrial scale. The DPEase is known to bind with certain cofactors in performing optimum enzymatic reaction. This study aimed to characterize the crude DPEase obtained from recombinant Escherichia coli in order to obtain the optimum condition for converting fructose to D-psicose in laboratory scale. Environmental parameters such as pH, temperature, and presence of metal ions were adjusted to observe any changes in DPEase activity. The results showed that optimum condition for DPEase activity were at 35oC, pH 8.0, and addition of Co2+ dan Mn2+ enhanced the enzyme activity. Meanwhile, the presence of metal ions, e.g Ni2+ , Cu2+, Zn²+ , Ca²+, Mg²+ and Mo2+ were known as inhibitors to enzyme activity.

Abstract: The enzyme, D-Psicose 3-Epimerase is animportant biocatalyst in the conversion of D-fructose into D-Psicose which possess high medical properties for treating obesity. This study aims to evaluate and differentiate the characteristics of immobilized and crude D-Psicose 3-Epimerase (DPEase) activity upon addition of Cobalt (Co) as cofactor. Crude DPEase was reacted with 1.5% Na-alginate solution and constructed into beads upon mixing with CoCl2 solution. This study obtained 300 beads in which the activity from each immobilized and free enzyme bead is evaluated. The optimum condition for immobilized DPEase activity is 40oC and pH 8.0. Meanwhile, the free DPEase also produced a similar trend with optimum activity at 40oC but in different pH at 8.5. By knowing these characteristics on immobilized DPEase, further development in terms of industrial production may be achieved to yield D-Psicose in a more effective way.

Abstract: Brazilian health care institutions have increased their investments in patient safety development. Public health professionals gear many of their resources towards improvements in this area. For progress to be achieved, efforts are being made focusing on research in hospitals, clinics, and health facilities. Using a protocol-verification tool called "The Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation Instrument" (AGREE II), researchers conducted an impartial investigation of a high surveillance drug management protocol in a pediatric hospital in the city of Curitiba, Brazil. AGREE II allowed them to evaluate whether the document is adequately presented and if it adheres to the recommended standards. Following approval by the institution's IRB, researchers established a conclusion concerning the quality of the protocol by exploring each of the 25 tool-evaluation criteria. This article serves as an incentive for health services to standardize patient safety protocols and to promote research on this topic, while aiming to reduce medication errors.

Keywords: Patient Safety; Public Health; Medication Therapy Management; Medication Error.

Abstract: Undernourishment in womb would lead to persistent changes in glucose response and a range of metabolic abnormalities. Leptin, secreted from adipocytes, closely participates in energy homeostasis. We investigated that glucose intolerance in the adult offspring which was caused by maternal undernourishment whether could be improved by leptin repletion. The results showed the mice derived from undernourished dams had lower birth weight, but they gained more body weight and body fat after then. In addition, these mice at 6 month of age had higher plasma levels of glucose, insulin and leptin than their age-matched controls. Leptin administration during gestation markedly reversed maternal undernourishment induced metabolic abnormalities.

Keywords: Fetal programming, Glucose intolerance, Insulin, Leptin.

Abstract: An ethnobotanical survey was undertaken to collect information from traditional healers on the use of medicinal plants in Mudivaithananthal village, Thoothukudi district of Tamil Nadu. The indigenous knowledge of local traditional healers and the plants used for medicinal purposes were collected through questionnaire and personal interviews during field trips. The investigation revealed that, the traditional healers used 39 species of plants distributed in 35 genera belonging to 25 families to treat various diseases. In this study the most dominant family was Euphorbiaceae and leaves were most frequently used for the treatment of diseases. This study showed that many people in the studied area still continue to depend on medicinal plants at least for the treatment of primary healthcare. The traditional healers are dwindling in number and there is a grave danger of traditional knowledge disappearing soon since the younger generation is not interested to carry on this tradition.

Abstract: Smooth snake (Coronella brachyuran) is endemic to India and included in IUCN red list of threatened species. It is terrestrial; and lives under stones, brick piles, trees and also found in open areas and grasses. It is non-venomous and calm snake, but hunts rapidly using constriction, It was reported from northern part of Madhya Pradesh, dry regions of Maharashtra (excluding the Western Ghats), centraleastern and southern Gujarat, and also rarely reported from Chattisgarh and Telangana. We are reporting C. brachyuran for the first time from Panhala tehsil of Kolhapur district. Panhala is western tehsil of Kolhapur, located at 16o 49'12''N74o7'12''E it has an average elevation of 754 m..

Key words: Coronella brachyuran, smooth snake, threatened, Japhale.