iosr-JPBS   Volume-13 ~ Issue-1 ~ Jan-Feb 2018

Abstract: Developing an environment friendly process for the synthesis of nanoparticle is a significant step in the field of nanotechnology. The present study reports an ecofriendly novel method to synthesize silver nanoparticle using rhizome extract of Curcuma amada. The silver nanoparticle formation was observed by the color change of plant extract from light yellow to dark brown. The formation of silver nanoparticles was confirmed by the presence of an absorption peak at 425 nm using UV-visible spectrophotometry. The biosynthesis was further characterized by Scannig electron microscopy (SEM )and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD).The morphology and size of the silver nanoparticles was monitored by SEM. Crystal structure was obtained by carrying out XRD. Green synthesized silver nanoparticle showed excellent antimicrobial activity and is well demonstrated by considerable zone of inhibition against both gram negative and gram positive bacteria and fungi..

Keywords: Silver nanoparticle, Curcuma amada, SEM, XRD, Anti bacterial

Abstract: The toxicity of commercial grade Phenthoate 50% EC. to the freshwater fish Catla (Gibelion catla) using static system, LC50 values were determined as 14.2, 13.0, 12.0 and 7.0 ppm respectively. The fish were exposed to Lethal and Sub-lethal concentrations (1/10th of static 96 h LC50 value) of the pesticide for 96 h and the biochemical changes of amino transferases, Aspartate aminotransferase (SGOT/AST) and Alanine aminotransferase (SGPT/ALT) were estimated in the test fish. Increased activities of AST and ALT in different tissues of brain, liver, muscle, gill and kidney in the test fish suggest either increased operation of transamination or increased synthesis of amino acids from other sources like glucose or fatty acids during Phenthoate 50% EC intoxication, The changes in lethal exposure were more prominent compared to sub-lethal exposure fish. These changes were attributed to the intoxication of the test toxicant Phenthoate 50% EC.

Keywords: Acute toxicity, Static test, Phenthoate 50% EC, Gibelion catla, Aminotransferases.

Abstract: Spilanthes ciliata Kunth. (Family: Asteraceae) has got immense pharmacological applications because of the presence of various phytochemicals. Lack of vegetative propagation and poor seed germination capacity has made a gap between the need and supply of this plant. The present study focussed on the development of a reliable and an efficient micropropagation method to solve this problem. MS medium supplemented with different plant growth regulators were used for the shoot multiplication. MS medium along with 1.0 mgl-1 BA showed better response and further subculture resulted in scaling up of in vitro shoots on successive passages. In vitro rooting response was checked using half and full strength MS basal liquid medium and MS liquid medium supplemented with 0.5 mgl-1IBA. Better rooting response was noticed in medium containing 0.5 mgl-1IBA. The rooted plantlets were hardened and established in pots with 80% survival rate and were genetically uniform in the ISSR banding pattern. The established protocol can be utilized for conservation and sustainable utilization of S. ciliata for bioactive metabolite production

Keywords: Spilanthes ciliata, microcloning, de novo shoots, ISSR markers, conservation, sustainable utilization.

Abstract: Marine actinomycetes are potential provider of novel bioactive metabolites and currently emerged as an important source for natural products with unique chemical diversity. The antioxidant activity of Aspergillus fumigatus was assayed by different procedures and correlated with its extracellular total phenolic contents. different complementary test systems such as 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl free radical (DPPH) assay, reducing power, ferrous ion and nitric oxide ion scavenging activity, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay were used to assess the antioxidant potential of Aspergillus Stereus AF1.

Keywords: Actinomycetes, antioxidant activity, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl free radical (DPPH) and Aspergillus Stereus AF1

Abstract: Introduction: Celiac disease (CD) is a unique autoimmune disorder which is common among patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM), but a majority of patients are asymptomatic and still undiagnosed. Aim: For early diagnosis and treatment of celiac disease among patients with T1DM we estimate the prevalence of asympomatic celiac disease among T1DM in Al-Baha region, southwestern of Saudi Arabia. Subjects and methods: The clinical and laboratory data of 268 T1DM received medical care in Al-Baha Diabetic Center were retrospectively analyzed based on the records. Results: Of the 268 T1DM screened, 131 were females (11 were seropositive for CD) and 137 were males (8 were positive for CD); age ranged between 2 years and 23 years (Mean 12.14 ± 4.33 years). Elevated Anti-tTG levels were found in the sera of 19 patients (7.1%). All of our patients were asymptomatic for CD, Thus, the estimated serology-positive prevalence was 7.1%............

Key words: Prevalence, Type 1 diabetes mellitus, celiac disease, Saudi Arabia, tissue transglutaminase antibody.

Abstract: Dapsone Hypersensitivity Syndrome' (DHS) is one of the most serious adverse reaction of Dapsone. DHS is characterized by exfoliative dermatitis, fever, internal organ involvement (Lungs, Liver, Spleen, and Kidney). The recorded incidence of DHS was 1.3 % among leprosy patients in India. The current case report is of 36 years old female patient who presented with high grade fever, exfoliative dermatitis and hepato-renal dysfunction. The patient was successfully managed by immediate withdrawal of Dapsone and administration of corticosteroids..

Keywords: Dapsone Hypersensitivity Syndrome, Exfoliative dermatitis, Corticosteroids

Abstract: Poly (N-Imidazolylmaleamic acid) PIM was synthesized from monomer (N-Imidazolylmaleamic acid) NIMin aqueous solution using electrochemical oxidation procedures. The polymer film was formed on Stainless steel electrodes (working electrode). Its structure has been examined by infrared, FTIR, scanning electron microscopy SEM and atomic force microscopy AFM studies indicate that the polymer was formed. Also, study the anticorrosion action of polymer film on stainless steel by electrochemical polarization method.Furthermore, enhanced the anticorrosion of polymerby nanomaterial such as (TiO2 and ZnO (bulk-nano)) by adding to monomer solution. The results obtained showed that the corrosion rate of S-steel increased with temperature increase from 293K to 323K and the values of inhibition efficiency by coating polymer increase with nanomaterial addition. Kinetic and thermodynamic of activation parameters have been calculated for the corrosion process of S-steel in acidic medium before and after polymeric coating.Furthermore were studied the effect of the preparing polymer on some strain of bacteria.

Keywords: electro polymerization, N-Imidazolylmaleamic acid, anti-corrosion, nanomaterial

Abstract: Malaria and iron deficiency are major public health problems for children living in sub-Saharan Africa. This study was aimed at evaluating serum hepcidin concentration dynamics during malaria infection among children in Sokoto, North-Western Nigeria. 402 children were enrolled in this study, comprising 200 males (49.8%) and 202 females (51.2%) aged between 1 – 17 years. The prevalence of malaria infection in this study was 31.3%, with subjects within the ages of 11 – 15 years having the highest prevalence (29.6%). Significant differences were observed for serum hepcidin concentrationand other iron indices between malaria infected children and non-malaria infected children, (control) (p < .05). Serum hepcidin concentration is increased during malaria infection among children in our study population (p < .05).We concluded that determination of serum hepcidin concentration in synergy with other iron parameters may be a useful marker in the prognosis and management of malaria infection in our setting.

Keywords: anaemia,ferritin, hepcidin, iron deficiency anaemia, malaria.

Abstract:This prospective study was performed to assess peripheral nerves involvement in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients using electrophysiological tests (NCS and EMG). Two groups of subjects included in this study: adult patients of chronic kidney disease (CKD) not on dialysis yet and Patients on hemodialysis and control subjects . This study was conducted at the unit of neurophysiology in Al-yarmouk Teaching Hospital, Baghdad. Eighty patients included in this study had chronic kidney disease. They consist of two groups : A- Forty (40) patients with chronic kidney disease on customary follow-up of a clinic of kidney and dialysis not on dialysis with determinedly high serum creatinine larger than 2.5 mg/dL of either sex (22 males and 18 females), the ages of patients were ranging from (35 to 72 years) of a mean of (55.35 ± 9.05) years. B-Forty (40) patients with chronic kidney disease.........

Keywords: CKD, creatinine, Lower limbs, Nerves Conduction study, Upper limbs

Abstract: The current article is a preliminary study in Iraq, aimed to shed light on the extent of identification of tick species and bacterial pathogens that found in the ticks.For this purpose, one-hundred eighty local breed cows belonged to a heard in Abojrabe (White Golden Village) were examined during a period extended from May till september 2017. The ages of the cow were ranged from (2-4) years and weighing were (300-350) kg. Ticks were carefully collected from whole body regions. The results of this research revealed that a total number of ticks infestation were 65 (36.12% )out of 180 cows.The ticks identification were Rhipicephalus spp. Furthermoretwo types of bacteria were isolated from (28) (43.08%) live adult female ticks (Rhipicephalus spp.) samples. The numbers and percentage of E. coli were 16 (57.14%), Salmonella spp.5 (17.86 %)and bothE. coli and Salmonella spp were 7 (25%)..........

Keywords: Iraq, Rhipicephalus spp., Tic, Bacterial pathogens, Cows

Abstract: The limiting factors in okra production among other vegetables in Cross River State include wet rot disease caused by Choanephora cucurbitarum(Berk and Rav ) . This study was carried out in 2013 cropping season ( April – july ) to examine the effect of Choanephora cucurbitarum (Berk and Rav) on the morphology of Abelmoschus ficulneus and Abelmoschus esculentus in the family Malvaceae in Calabar , Nigeria .The experiment was a potted experiment laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD)using 2 treatments ( inoculated and uninoculated seedling at 4 weeks after planting ) and replicated 3 times . Invasion of the plants by C. cucurbitarum was done by inoculating the plants after four weeks of planting. Morphological characteristics like stem length, number of leaves, dry weight and fresh weight were studied. Generally there was a significant (P0.05) difference in growth...........

Keywords: Choanephora cucurbitarum, stem length, leaf fresh weight and dry weight, leaf number

Abstract: Leishmaniasis is one of the important parasitic diseases, affecting mainly low social class people in developing countries, and is more prevalent and endemic in the tropical and subtropical regions of old world and new world. Despite ofbroad distribution in Iraq,little known about the geneticcharacteristics of the causative agents. So this study was aimed to evaluate the genetic varietyoftwo IraqiLeishmaniatropicaisolates based on heat shock protein gene sequence 70 (HSP70) in comparison with universal isolates recorded sequences data. After amplification and sequencing of HSP70 gene,the obtainedresults were alignment along with homologous Leishmania sequences retrieved from NCBI by using BLAST. The analysis results showed presence of particular gene mutations including substitution and insertion at 93% identity with the HSP70 gene. So,indicate the prescient of numeric variation of local isolate and this is the first step toward future phylogenic study to understand genomic diversity across Leishmania tropica parasite.

Keywords: Cutaneousleishmaniasis,HSP70sen/HSP70ant, BLAST, PCR, Sequencing, Baghdad

Abstract: The study was conducted to review the utilization of antibiotics matched is in accordance with the hospital antibiotic policy and cost minimization analysis for urinary tract infection. This was a retrospective study collected for a period of six months in a quaternary care hospital. The data obtained was subjected to descriptive statistical analysis using Microsoft and chi-square test.Out of 100 prescriptions, female patients accounted for 66% while male patients accounted for 34%.Most of the patients were in 40-60 years old age group (39%). The investigation was done in 77 (77%) prescriptions whereas other 23(23%) lack required investigations. Following the hospital antibiotic policy 28(28%) patients were categories as type 1,57(57%) as type 2 and 15(15%) as type 3.In presumptive therapy 57 (57%) prescriptions comply with hospital antibiotic policy whereas 43(43%) deviated from............ .

Keywords: chi-square test, continue therapy, cost minimization,presumptive therapy and incremental cost

Abstract: Red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) is major pest of stored products especially cereal flour, which depreciating the quality and quantity of food economically. The method of controlling these pests is use of chemical pesticides. The pest control operations, the structural facilities or the different sites containing store, grocery shops, go-downs, grains stored in government warehouses are performed on variety of surfaces. The efficacy of different insecticides would vary on different surface substrates. The insecticide, Chlorfenapyr, an insecticidal pyrole (INTREPIDTM) BASF other name Chlorfenapyr-4-bromo-2(4chlorophyenyl)-1-(ethoxymethyl)-5-(trifluromethyl)-pyrrole3-carbonitrile, was applied to nonporous (glass, tile, metal, and wood laminate) and porous (concrete sheet and cow dung sheet) arenas at various concentrations at 28x28cm2. Adults of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), the red flour...........

Keywords: Chlorfenapyr, insecticide, LC50 , treated surfaces Tribolium castaneum