iosr-JDMS   Volume-25 ~ Issue-3 ~ March 2026

Abstract: Background: The role of parental presence during paediatric dental treatment has long been debated among dental professionals. Historically, many paediatric dentists excluded parents from the operatory, under the assumption that such separation fostered a stronger patient–dentist relationship and facilitated treatment. More recent evidence, however, suggests that parental presence may alleviate children’s anxiety, improve cooperation, and reduce reliance on pharmacological interventions for anxiety management. In contrast, other studies have reported no......

Key Word: Dentist-patient relations, Children, Pediatric Dentists attitude, Parental presence, Dental Operatory, Dental health services

[1]. Grisolia, B. M., Dos Santos, A. P. P., Dhyppolito, I. M., Buchanan, H., Hill, K., & Oliveira, B. H. (2021). Prevalence Of Dental Anxiety In Children And Adolescents Globally: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analyses. Int. J. Paediatr. Dent 31(2), 168–183. Https://Doi.Org/10.1111/Ipd.12712
[2]. Newton, Jonathon & Hare, Jennifer & Milasan, Geanina. (2023). Dental Anxiety And Behavior Problems In Children Attending For Dental Treatment. J Calif Dent Assoc. 47. 523-530. 10.1080/19424396.2019.12220819.
[3]. Kakkar, T., Saraf, B. G., Kalra, G., Sheoran, N., Khan, A. K., & Lakhanpal, P. (2022). Prevalence Of Dental Fear And Anxiety And Its Association With Behavior Using Three Fear And Anxiety Measurement Scales Among Children In Faridabad. J. South Asian Assoc. Pediatr. Dent., 5(3), 164-169.
[4]. Nathan JE, Nathan JE, Rayman MS, Golden BE, Vargas KG. Discretionary Parental Presence In The Dental Operatory: A Survey Of Pediatric Dentists And Parents. Pediatr Neonatal Nurs Open J. 2015; 50 – 61.
[5]. Riba H, Al-Shahrani A, Al-Otaibi A, Al- Kahtanis. Parental Presence/Absence In The Dental Operatory As A Behaviour Management Technique: A Review And Modified View. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2018; 19(2): 237 – 41

Abstract: Background: Spinal anaesthesia is widely used for lower abdominal, lower limb and perineal surgeries because of its rapid onset, reliability and cost effectiveness. However, administration of intrathecal local anaesthetic as a single bolus dose may cause sudden sympathetic blockade resulting in haemodynamic instability. Fractionated intrathecal administration of local anaesthetic has been proposed to produce a gradual onset of block with improved haemodynamic stability and prolonged analgesia. Materials and Methods This hospital-based prospective cross-sectional study included 90 patients aged 18–60 years belonging.....

Key Word: Intrathecal Spinal anaesthesia, Fractionated dose, Bolus dose, Bupivacaine, Buprenorphine, Haemodynamic stability

[1]. Mordecai MM, Brull SJ. Spinal Anaesthesia. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2005;18(5):527–533.
[2]. Badheka JP, Kalpesh J, Patel B, Et Al. Comparison Of Fractionated Dose Versus Bolus Dose Injection In Spinal Anaesthesia For Patients Undergoing Elective Caesarean Section: A Randomized, Double- Blind Study. Indian J Anaesth. 2017;61(1):55–60.
[3]. Liu SS, Ware PD, Allen HW, Neal JM, Pollock JE. Dose-Response Characteristics Of Spinal Bupivacaine In Volunteers: Clinical Implications For Ambulatory Anaesthesia. Anesthesiology. 1996;85:729–736.
[4]. Brunton LL. Goodman And Gilman’s The Pharmacological Basis Of Therapeutics. 12th Ed. New York: Mcgraw Hill Medical; 2011. P.573.
[5]. Yuksek A, Miniksar OH, Honca M, Oz H. Incidence And Causes Of Failed Spinal Anaesthesia.

Abstract: Background: Social media has become an important source of health-related information for the general public. Many dental trends, such as charcoal toothpaste use, do-it-yourself (DIY) whitening methods, and home remedies for oral care, are widely promoted online. While these trends may influence oral hygiene practices, their impact on periodontal health remains uncertain. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the influence of.....

Key Word: Social media, periodontal health, oral hygiene behaviour, dental trends, questionnaire survey, health misinformation.

[1]. Newman MG, Takei H, Klokkevold PR, Carranza FA. Carranza’s Clinical Periodontology. 13th Ed. St. Louis: Elsevier; 2019.
[2]. Kinane DF, Stathopoulou PG, Papapanou PN. Periodontal Diseases. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2017;3:17038.
[3]. Pihlstrom BL, Michalowicz BS, Johnson NW. Periodontal Diseases. Lancet. 2005;366(9499):1809-20.
[4]. Glick, M., Williams, D. M., Kleinman, D. V., Vujicic, M., Watt, R. G., & Weyant, R. J. (2016). A New Definition For Oral Health Developed By The FDI World Dental Federation Opens The Door To A Universal Definition Of Oral Health. Journal Of The American Dental Association (1939), 147(12), 915–917.
[5]. Moorhead SA, Hazlett DE, Harrison L, Carroll JK, Irwin A, Hoving C. A New Dimension Of Health Care: Systematic Review Of The Uses, Benefits, And Limitations Of Social Media For Health Communication. J Med Internet Res. 2013;15(4):E85..

Abstract: Effective management of postoperative pain remains a cornerstone of perioperative care, particularly in patients undergoing lower limb and lower abdominal surgeries. Inadequately controlled pain can lead to delayed recovery, increased opioid consumption, higher risk of chronic pain syndromes, and patient dissatisfaction. Therefore, anesthesiologists continuously explore strategies to prolong the duration of spinal anesthesia and reduce reliance on postoperative.......

[1]. Obaid A, Obaid A, Mir AJ, Javed HM. Comparison Between Two Different Doses Of Oral Pregabalin Given Pre‐Emptively On Duration Of Spinal Anesthesia And Postoperative Pain In Lower Limb Surgeries. Biological And Clinical Sciences Research Journal. 2025;6(5).
[2]. Patel R, Vadhadiya G, Gadani H, Gupta S. Comparative Evaluation Of Two Different Doses Of Dexmedetomidine For Intra Operative Moderate Sedation During Spinal Anesthesia. AACC Journal. 2021.
[3]. Chou R, Gordon DB, De Leon-Casasola OA, Et Al. Management Of Postoperative Pain: A Clinical Practice Guideline From The American Pain Society, The American Society Of Regional Anesthesia And Pain Medicine, And The American Society Of Anesthesiologists' Committee On Regional Anesthesia, Executive Committee, And Administrative Council. J Pain. 2016;17(2):131-157.
[4]. Fletcher D, Stamer UM, Pogatzki-Zahn E, Et Al. Chronic Postsurgical Pain In Europe: An Observational Study. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2015;32(10):725-734.
[5]. Zhang J, Ho KY, Wang Y. Efficacy Of Pregabalin In Acute Postoperative Pain: A Meta-Analysis. Br J Anaesth. 2011;106(4):454-462..

Abstract: Background: Radiographic methods can be used to assess the calcification, growth, and development of dental crowns and roots. However, because it is less expensive, requires no specialized equipment or training, and takes less time, a clinical examination of the oral cavity is recommended for establishing dental age. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between age ranges and the sequence of dental eruptions, as well as the influence of gender on eruption timing in Bihar school children........

Keywords: Tooth eruption, Dental age, Permanent teeth, Children, Eruption sequence.

[1]. Ash MM, Nelson SJ. Development And Eruption Of Teeth. In: Dental Anatomy, Physiology And Occlusion. 11th Ed. St Louis: Elsevier; 2019; 49-51.
[2]. Boeker S, Hermanussen M, Scheffler C. Dental Age Is An Independent Marker Of Biological Age. HBPH [Internet]. 2022 Jun. 16 [Cited 2023 Jul. 10];3.
[3]. Putri AS, Soedarsono N, Nehemia B, Atmadja DS, Ubelaker DH. Age Estimation Of Individuals Aged 5-23 Years Based On Dental Development Of The Indonesian Population. Forensic Sci Res. 2021 Apr 15;7(2):115-123.
[4]. Fekonja A. Evaluation Of The Eruption Of Permanent Teeth And Their Association With Malocclusion. Clin Exp Dent Res. 2022 Aug;8(4):836-842.
[5]. Prabhakar M, Sivapathasundharam B. Tooth Eruption Clock: A Novel Learning Aid. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol. 2021 Sep-Dec;25(3):515-516.

Abstract: Background: The need to maintain oral hygiene is one of the integral pillars of dental health and hygiene, and the challenge of ensuring effective brushing techniques and practices is quite a task. Ineffective oral hygiene is likely to cause various periodontal and dental infections such as caries. Although spinal anesthesia is at the center of analgesia in various surgeries credited to simplicity and cost-effectiveness, there is a need to have a comparable system for home-based oral hygiene. The objective of the project is to design an IoT-based smart toothbrush.......

Key Word: Smart Toothbrush; Oral Health; Real-time Monitoring; Dental Hygiene.

[1]. National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel On Detection, Evaluation, And Treatment Of High Blood Cholesterol In Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). Final Report, Circulation. 2002;106(25).
[2]. Stephan, R. M. "Intra-Oral Hydrogen-Ion Concentrations Associated With Dental Caries Activity." Journal Of The American Dental Association, 1944. (Primary Source For Ph Monitoring Logic).
[3]. Bass, C. C. "An Effective Method Of Personal Oral Hygiene." Journal Of The Louisiana State Medical Society, 1954; 106(2): 57-73. (Foundational Study For The 45-Degree Brushing Angle).
[4]. Mugil, Et Al. "Iot-Based Real-Time Oral Health Monitoring With Smart Toothbrush," International Journal Of Advanced Research In Information Technology, 2026.
[5]. Esposito, M., Et Al. "The Role Of The Internet Of Things (Iot) In Dental Health: A Review Of Current Trends." Journal Of Biomedical Informatics, 2023; 114: 103-112.

Abstract: Synovial sarcoma is a rare malignant soft tissue tumor that most commonly arises in the extremities and predominantly metastasizes to the lungs. Pleural involvement is exceptionally uncommon, and true pleural metastasis from an extremity synovial sarcoma is extremely rare. - We report a 54-year-old man previously treated in 2004 for synovial sarcoma of the left leg with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by limb amputation. After a disease-free interval of nearly twenty years, he presented with persistent left basithoracic pain. Chest CT revealed a necrotic pleural mass with pleural effusion, and biopsy confirmed metastatic synovial sarcoma. The course was rapidly complicated by massive hemoptysis leading to death.......

[1]. Thway K, Fisher C. Synovial Sarcoma: Defining Features And Diagnostic Evolution. Ann Diagn Pathol. 2014;18(6):369-380.
[2]. Kransdorf MJ. Malignant Soft-Tissue Tumors In A Large Referral Population: Distribution Of Diagnoses By Age, Sex, And Location. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1995;164(1):129-134.
[3]. Lewis JJ, Antonescu CR, Leung DH, Blumberg D, Healey JH, Woodruff JM, Et Al. Synovial Sarcoma: A Multivariate Analysis Of Prognostic Factors In 112 Patients With Primary Localized Tumors. Ann Surg. 2000;232(4):586-595.
[4]. Essary LR, Vargas SO, Fletcher CD. Primary Pleuropulmonary Synovial Sarcoma: Reappraisal Of A Series Of 25 Cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 2002;26(4):409-417.
[5]. Iwata T, Nishiyama N, Nagano K, Izumi N, Tsukioka T, Suehiro S. Metastatic Monophasic Synovial Sarcoma Of The Pleura. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2007;13(4):258-261.

Abstract: Background: The advantages of using regional anaesthetic methods are widely known. These advantages can be extended by using additives with local anaesthetics. This investigation sought to determine the impact of mixing dexmedetomidine with bupivacaine for supraclavicular block. Methods: Supraclavicular block was given using ultrasound guidance to 60 patients of ASA I & ASA II of either sex undergoing elective upper limb surgeries in this randomized, double-blind study. Group C (n = 30) received 30 mL 0.25% bupivacaine + 1 mL normal saline while Group D (n = 30) received 30 mL 0.25% bupivacaine +1 μg/kg dexmedetomidine (1 mL). Patients were watched for any adverse effects, hemodynamic changes, the onset, duration of sensory and motor block, and total analgesic duration........

Keywords: Bupivacaine, Dexmedetomidine, supraclavicular block.

[1]. Eledjam J.J, Deschodtt J, Viel EJ, Et Al. Brachial Plexus Block With Bupivacaine: Effects Of Added Alpha- Adrenergic Agonists: Comparison Be- Tween Clonidine And Epinephrine. Can J Anaesth. 1991; 38(7), 870-5.
[2]. Bromage PR. A Comparison Of Hydrochloride And Carbon Dioxide Salts Of Lidocaine And Prilo- Caine In Epidural Analgesia. Acta Anaesthesiol. Scand. Suppl. 1965; 16: 55-69.
[3]. Krebs EE, Carey TS, Weinberger M. Accuracy Of The Pain Numeric Rating Scale As A Screening Test In Primary Care. J Gen Intern Med. 2007; 22(10): 1453-8.
[4]. Arain SR, Ebert TJ. The Efficacy, Side Effects, And Recovery Characteristics Of Dexmedetomi- Dine Versus Propofol When Used For Intraopera- Tive Sedation. Anesth Analg. 2002; 95(2):461-6.
[5]. Keniya VM, Ladi S, Naphade R. Dexme- Detomidine Attenuates Sympathoadrenal Re- Sponse To Tracheal Intubation And Reduces Peri- Operative Anaesthetic Requirement. Indian J Anaesth. 2011; 55:352–7.