iosr-JDMS   Volume-25 ~ Issue-3 ~ March 2026

Abstract: Lipoma, a very common benign tumor of mesenchymal origin can emerge anywhere in the body; however, its intra- oral counterparts are very rare, with approximately 1-4% occurring in the oral cavity. Typically appearing as painless, soft, smooth nodules with a yellowish hue, it often affects region like the buccal mucosa, tongue, and floor of the mouth. Surgical removal is the preferred treatment due to its benign nature and low recurrence rate. Histological examination remains the gold standard in the definitive diagnosis of the lipoma. Here, We present a case of an pedunculated intraoral lipoma in a 62- year-old women located on the left mandibular buccal vestibule, managed through surgical excision. Documenting rare cases like this contributes to a better understanding of the prevalence and clinical features of these tumors.

Key Word: lipoma, intra-oral, benign soft tissue tumors, adipose tissue.

[1]. Fregnani ER, Pires FR, Falzoni R, Lopes MA, Vargas PA. Lipomas Of The Oral Cavity: Clinical Findings, Histological Classification And Proliferative Activity Of 46 Cases. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2003; 32(1):49-53.
[2]. Rao, Gayathri S., Laxmikanth Chatra, And Prashanth Shenai. “Intra-Oral Lipoma – A Rare Entity.” International Journal Of Anatomy, Radiology And Surgery, Vol. 2, No. 2, Aug. 2013, Pp. 1–3.
[3]. Gonçalves V, Kalinin Y, Bordalo S, Gaspar M, Sendyk W, Roman-Torres C. A Lipoma Of Large Proportion In The Oral Cavity: A Case Report. Open Dent J, 2024; 18: E18742106355208. Http://Dx.Doi.Org/10.2174/0118742106355208241114111510
[4]. Patil ADM, Mohite SN, Mane PS, Pedunculated Lipoma Of Palate - A Case Study. J Diagn Pathol Oncol 2019;4(2):151-152.Bouaamri, M., Adnane, S., Haitami, S. And Benyahya, I. (2025) Intraoral Lipoma: About A Case Report. Open Access Library Journal, 12, 1-9. Doi: 10.4236/Oalib.1113254.
[5]. Alharbi A S (September 18, 2020) Intraoral Lipoma Of The Cheek – A Case Report With A One-Year Follow-Up And Review Of Literature. Cureus 12(9): E10537. Doi:10.7759/Cureus.10537

Abstract: Intestinal trichobezoar is a rare cause of small bowel obstruction and poses a diagnostic challenge due to its nonspecific presentation. We report the case of a 35-year-old female who presented with persistent vomiting, abdominal pain, oliguria, and hemodynamic instability. Imaging with non-contrast computed tomography revealed a heterogeneously hyperdense intraluminal mass in the proximal jejunum causing proximal bowel dilatation, suggestive of a bezoar.......

Key Word: Intestinal trichobezoar; Small bowel obstruction; Rapunzel syndrome.

[1]. Bhatta BR, Manandhar K, Jha R, Duwal S, Shrestha S, Shrestha A. Trichobezoar-Induced Intestinal Obstruction-Complete Bowel Obstruction In A Young Female With Underlying Psychiatric Disorders: A Case Report. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2025;134:111679.
[2]. Irshad S, Irshad S, Irshad M, Fatima M, Ali Z. Giant Gastric Trichobezoar: A Case Report Of An Adolescent Girl. Clin Case Rep. 2025;13(10):E71116.
[3]. Mijović K, Vasin D, Hasanagić S, Et Al. Case Report On Rapunzel Syndrome: A Large Gastric Trichobezoar Extending To The Proximal Jejunum In A Young Adult Female. Front Med (Lausanne). 2025;12:1504822.
[4]. Vaughan ED, Sawyers JL, Scott HW. The Rapunzel Syndrome. An Unusual Complication Of Intestinal Bezoar. Surgery. 1968;63(2):339–343.
[5]. Madhushankar K, Manjunath K, Saiprasad B, Saishayam M. Trichobezoar: Presenting As Primary Intestinal Obstruction. The Journal Of Medical Sciences. 2015;1(1):4–6.

Abstract: Background: Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death globally, and nutritional interventions represent a modifiable factor with great therapeutic potential, as vitamin B12 plays an essential role in cardiovascular health through multiple interconnected mechanisms. Studies show that vitamin B12 deficiency is common among cardiovascular patients Materials and Methods: This comprehensive article, based on a narrative review methodology and compiling evidence from the literature such as epidemiological studies, randomized controlled trials, and meta-analyses, aims to clarify the role of vitamin B12 (cobalamin) in cardiovascular health, particularly its role in homocysteine metabolism........

Key Word: Vitamin B12, heart disease, homocysteine, hyperhomocysteinemia, atherosclerosis.

[1]. Mohan And Et Al, "Homocysteine, Vitamin B12 And Folate Level: Possible Risk Factors In The Progression Of Chronic Heart And Kidney Disorders," Current Cardiology Reviews, 2023.
[2]. Aleksandra And K. Zygmunt, "Hyperhomocysteinemia In Patients With Cardiovascular Disease," Index Copernicus International , 2014.
[3]. Y. Miao And Et Al, "The Effect Of B-Vitamins On The Prevention And Treatment Of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis," Nutrition Reviews , Pp. 1386-1401, 2023.
[4]. Kibirige And R. Mwebaze, "Vitamin B12 Deficiency Among Patients With Diabetes Mellitus: Is Routine Screening And Supplementation Justified?," Journal Of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders, 2013.
[5]. L. Sarmiento-Rubiano And Et Al, "Relationship Between Vitamin B12 Levels And Insulin Resistance In Postmenopausal Women From Colombia Caribbean," Medicina (Ribeirao Preto), 2023.

Abstract: Background: Median Arcuate Ligament Syndrome (MALS) or Dunbar syndrome is a rare occurrence of vascular disease characterized by extrinsic compression of the celiac artery by the median arcuate ligament. Chronic postprandial abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and weight loss often follow these findings, and nonspecific symptoms can trigger a delay in the diagnosis. Case Presentation: We present the case of a 26-year-old female with a 7-8 month history of postprandial epigastric pain and persistent vomiting, a recent deterioration in symptoms and significant weight loss (body weight 36.8 kg). Past medical history was unremarkable except for prior renal stone surgery......

Keywords: Median Arcuate Ligament Syndrome, Celiac Artery Compression, Laparoscopic Decompression

[1]. Paudel S, Luitel P, Shah AK, Ghimire B. Laparoscopic Median Arcuate Ligament Release: Successful Management Of Dunbar Syndrome In A Young Male. Int J Surg Case Rep [Internet]. 2025 Dec 1 [Cited 2025 Dec 26];137:112109. Available From: Https://Www.Sciencedirect.Com/Science/Article/Pii/S2210261225012957
[2]. Landmann A, Calisto JL, Malek MM. Laparoscopic Retrogastric Median Arcuate Ligament Release. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech Part B Videoscop [Internet]. 2017 Aug 3 [Cited 2025 Dec 26];27(4). Available From: Https://Www.Liebertpub.Com/Doi/10.1089/Vor.2016.0390
[3]. Zambrano-Lara M, Gonzalez-Urquijo M, Lozano-Balderas G, Rodarte-Shade M, Fabiani MA. Síndrome De Ligamento Arcuato Medio Como Causa Poco Frecuente De Dolor Abdominal Crónico. Rev Gastroenterol Mex. 2021 Apr;86(2):199–201.
[4]. Gupta SV, Bishnoi S, Ansari MAM, Nain S, Jain A, Kapur N. Laparoscopic Release Of Median Arcuate Ligament Syndrome. Videoscopy [Internet]. 2025 Oct 27 [Cited 2025 Dec 26];35(1):1–2.

Abstract: Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate change in enamel microhardness on a bleached enamel surfaces treated with re-mineralizing agents on teeth subjected to erosion.Settings and Design: An in vitro study done in dept of conservative dentistry and endodontics, S B Patil college of dental science and research. Methods and Material: Thirty-six enamel specimens were randomly allocated into three groups (n = 12):....

[1]. Fioresta R, Melo M, Forner L, Sanz JL. Prognosis In Home Dental Bleaching: A Systematic Review. Clin Oral Investig. 2023 Jul;27(7):3347-3361.
[2]. Faus-Matoses V, Palau-Martínez I, Amengual-Lorenzo J, Faus-Matoses I, Faus-Llácer VJ. Bleaching In Vital Teeth: Combined Treatment Vs In-Office Treatment. J Clin Exp Dent. 2019 Aug 1;11(8):E754-E758.
[3]. Bhavsar B, Vijo M, Sharma P, Patnaik T, Alam MK, Patil S. Comparative Assessment Of Enamel Remineralisation On The Surface Microhardness Of Demineralized Enamel - An In Vitro Study. Peerj. 2022 Oct 7;10:E14098.
[4]. Kavoor S, Ranjini MA, Aziz NA, Ashok HK, Nadig RR. In Vitro Evaluation Of The Effect Of Addition Of Biomaterials To Carbamide Peroxide On The Bleaching Efficacy And Microhardness Of Enamel. J Conserv Dent Endod 2024;27:310-4.
[5]. A Comparative Evaluation Of Arginine Complex Combined With Flouride And Two Standard Nonfluoridated Remineralizing Agents: An In Vitro Study Saurabh Joshi , Nilesh Vaidya , Bharti Gupta , Bhushan Pustake , Gaurav Shinde , Shilpa Pharande.

Abstract: Background: Tuberculosis (TB), particularly spinal TB affecting the thoracolumbar region, can cause severe deformity and neurological deficits if not managed appropriately. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the clinical profile, radiological features, and surgical outcomes of patients with thoracolumbar spinal tuberculosis. Methods: This prospective interventional study at the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Dhaka Medical College Hospital,....

Key words: Clinical Profile, Disease Characteristics, Thoracolumbar Tuberculosis.

[1]. Tuli SM. Tuberculosis of the spine. Clin OrthopRelat Res. 2007;460:29-38.
[2]. Ferrer MF, Torres LG, Ramírez OA, Zarzuelo MR, del Prado González N. Tuberculosis of the spine. A systematic review of case series. International orthopaedics. 2012 Feb;36(2):221-31.
[3]. Li L, Xu J, Ma Y, Tang D, Chen Y, Luo F, Li D, Hou T, Zhou Q, Dai F, He Q. Surgical strategy and management outcomes for adjacent multisegmental spinal tuberculosis: a retrospective study of forty-eight patients. Spine. 2014 Jan 1;39(1):E40-8.
[4]. Garg RK, Somvanshi DS. Spinal tuberculosis: a review. The journal of spinal cord medicine. 2011 Sep 1;34(5):440-54. [5]. Moon MS. Tuberculosis of the spine. Spine. 1997;22:1791-7.

Abstract: Introduction: Nail biting (onychophagia) is a common childhood habit associated with psychological factors such as anxiety, depression, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). This study aimed to determine the prevalence of nail biting among children aged 4–10 years and to evaluate its association with mental health status using standardized assessment tools. Methodology:...

[1]. Curtis J,Lipner SR.Body-Focused Repetitive Behaviors In Patients With FOXP1 Syndrome:An International Cross-Sectional Survey-Based Study.Skin Appendage Disorders.2024;10(1):1-8.Doi:10.1159/000537906.
[2]. Ghanizadeh A. Association Of Nail Biting And Psychiatric Disorders In Children And Their Parents In A Psychiatrically Referred Sample Of Children. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health. 2008;2(1):13.
[3]. Ghanizadeh A, Shekoohi H. Prevalence Of Nail Biting And Its Association With Mental Health In A Community Sample Of Children. BMC Res Notes. 2011;4:116..
[4]. Leung AK, Robson WL. Nailbiting. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 1990;29(12):690-692..
[5]. Teng EJ, Woods DW, Twohig MP, Marcks BA. Body-Focused Repetitive Behavior Problems: Prevalence In A Nonreferred Population And Differences In Perceived Somatic Activity. Behav Modif. 2002;26(3):340-360.9.

Abstract: Background: Extensive Class II mesio-occluso-distal (MOD) cavity preparations significantly compromise the structural integrity of posterior teeth due to the loss of both marginal ridges, leading to increased cuspal deflection and susceptibility to fracture under occlusal loading. Indirect composite inlays have been advocated as a conservative alternative to full-coverage restorations for such defects, offering improved polymerization, enhanced mechanical properties, and reduced polymerization shrinkage stress compared to direct restorations.
The biomechanical.....

Keywords: Cavity design, Class II MOD cavities, Fracture resistance, Indirect composite inlays

[1]. Christensen GJ. Restorative Dentistry: A Changing Landscape. J Am Dent Assoc. 2005;136(9):1241-1244.2.
[2]. Touati B. Inlays And Onlays In Composite Resins. Chirurgien-Dentiste De France. 1983;53(10):53-56.3.
[3]. James DF. Molded Composite Resin Inlays. J Prosthet Dent. 1983;50(5):652-655.4.
[4]. Fahl N. Aesthetic And Functional Composite Inlay And Onlay Restorations. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2006;18(2):75-88.
[5]. Roulet JF, Degrange M. Composite Resin Inlays. In: Roulet JF, Degrange M, Editors. Adhesion: The Silent Revolution In Dentistry. Chicago: Quintessence Publishing; 2000. P. 231-242

Abstract: Purpose: The gut-brain axis is increasingly implicated in cognitive functions, including memory, attention, and executive functions. Lactobacillus species are among the most studied probiotics with potential cognitive benefits in aging and disease. However, data are sparse on healthy younger- or mid-career professionals, such as medical faculty, whose academic workload could impose cognitive demands and stress.
Objective: To evaluate whether supplementation with Lactobacillus strains improves cognitive performance in medical faculty members.....

Keywords: Gut microbes, Lactobacillus, Cognitive function

[1]. Sanborn, J. N., Et Al. (2020). Randomized Clinical Trial Examining The Impact Of Lactobacillus Rhamnosus GG Probiotic Supplementation On Cognitive Functioning In Middle-Aged And Older Adults. Pubmed. Pubmed
[2]. Huang, R., Et Al. (2022). Probiotics, Gut Microbiota, And Cognitive Function In The Elderly: A Review Of Current Knowledge. Nutrients. MDPI
[3]. Leblhuber, F., Et Al. (2022). The Gut Microbiome, Mild Cognitive Impairment, And Probiotics: A Randomized Clinical Trial In Middle-Aged And Older Adults. Clinical Nutrition. Clinicalnutritionjournal.Com
[4]. Wang, X., Et Al. (2021). The Microbiome And Cognitive Aging: A Review Of Mechanisms. Nature Reviews Neurology. Pubmed
[5]. Allen, A. P., Et Al. (2021). The Effect Of Probiotics On Cognitive Function Across The Human Lifespan: A Systematic Review. Pubmed

Abstract: Background Splenic cysts are characterized as exceedingly rare clinical entities, documented in approximately 0.07% to 2% of the general population based on historical autopsy series.3 Within this narrow epidemiological subset, true congenital epithelial cysts—defined by the presence of a secretory cellular lining—represent a distinct minority of lesions.3 While the majority of small splenic cysts are asymptomatic and discovered incidentally, "giant" cysts, which are conventionally...

[1]. Dr Gaurav Singh | General Surgeon | Gleneagles Hospitals, Bengaluru, Accessed March 9, 2026,
Https://Www.Gleneagleshospitals.Co.In/Bengaluru/Kengeri/Doctors/Dr-Gaurav-Singh-General-Surgeon
[2]. Dr. Gaurav Singh - Gastrointestinal Surgeon In Kengeri , Bangalore - Book Appointment, View Fees & Reviews | Practo, Accessed March 9, 2026, Https://Www.Practo.Com/Bangalore/Doctor/Gaurav-Singh-2-Gastrointestinal-Surgeon
[3]. Congenital Splenic Cyst Case Report.Docx[4].
Dr. Gaurav Singh Pardesi (All Is Well Hospital) In Nepanagar,Burhanpur - Best General Surgeon Doctors Near Me In Burhanpur - Justdial, Accessed March 9, 2026, Https://Www.Justdial.Com/Burhanpur/Dr-Gaurav-Singh-Pardesi-All-Is-Well-Hospital-Near-Macro-Vision-Academy-Mohammadpura-Nepanagar/9999P7325-7325-230801210521-S5Z3_BZDET
[5]. All Is Well Hospital - Best Healthcare Services, Accessed March 9, 2026, Https://Www.Alliswellhospital.Com/.

Abstract: Traumatic loss of the ear lobule presents significant aesthetic and psychosocial challenges due to its contribution to facial symmetry and self-perception. This case series describes three adult patients with partial to near-total lobule defects caused due to acute trauma reconstructed in single stage using unilobed or bilobed post-auricular flaps under local anaesthesia. Preoperative planning included contralateral ear templating, and flaps were elevated in......

Keywords: Ear lobule reconstruction; traumatic ear injury; Post-auricular flaps; Ear lobule defects

[1]. Yotsuyanagi T, Yamashita K, Sawada Y. Reconstruction Of Congenital And Acquired Earlobe Deformity. Clin Plast Surg. 2002;29(2):249-255, Vii. Doi:10.1016/S0094-1298(01)00010-4
[2]. Ottat MR. Reconstrução Parcial De Orelha Pós-Trauma: Técnicas Simples E Eficazes. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2010;76(1):7-13. Doi:10.1590/S1808-86942010000100002
[3]. Shen W, Cui J, Chen J, Chen H, Zou J, Ji Y. Inversion Of The Flap At The Lower Ear And Restoration Of The Flap At Postauricular Skin For Reconstruction Of The Earlobe. J Craniofac Surg. 2012;23(2):560-562. Doi:10.1097/SCS.0b013e31824cd760
[4]. Sokoya M, Winkler AA. Reverse Omega Technique For Single-Stage Ear Lobule Reconstruction. Ear Nose Throat J. 2016;95(9):372-374.
[5]. Sadaka MS, Hantash SAB. Freestyle Perforator Flap In Earlobe Reconstruction. BMC Surg. 2022;22(1):396. Doi:10.1186/S12893-022-01846-Y

Abstract: Infective endocarditis (IE) is a serious and potentially fatal condition commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus, viridans group streptococci, and Enterococcus species. Staphylococcus saprophyticus, a coagulase-negative staphylococcus, is classically associated with uncomplicated urinary tract infections and is rarely implicated in invasive infections. We report a rare case of Staphylococcus saprophyticus infective endocarditis in a 17-year......

Keywords: Infective endocarditis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, congenital heart disease, ventricular septal defect

[1]. Murdoch DR, Corey GR, Hoen B, Et Al. Clinical Presentation, Etiology, And Outcome Of Infective Endocarditis In The 21st Century: The International Collaboration On Endocarditis–Prospective Cohort Study. Arch Intern Med. 2009;169(5):463–473.
[2]. Habib G, Lancellotti P, Antunes MJ, Et Al. 2015 ESC Guidelines For The Management Of Infective Endocarditis. Eur Heart J. 2015;36(44):3075–3128.
[3]. Karchmer AW. Infective Endocarditis. In: Jameson JL, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Et Al., Editors. Harrison’s Principles Of Internal Medicine. 20th Ed. New York: Mcgraw-Hill; 2018.
[4]. Hovelius B, Mårdh PA. Staphylococcus Saprophyticus As A Cause Of Infective Endocarditis. Scand J Infect Dis. 1984;16(3):315–318.
[5]. Chu VH, Cabell CH, Abrutyn E. Native Valve Infective Endocarditis. Curr Probl Cardiol. 2004;29(4):165–222.

Abstract: Background: Acute cholecystitis is a common surgical condition usually caused by gallstone obstruction of the cystic duct. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the standard treatment; however, the optimal timing of surgery remains controversial. This study aimed to compare the outcomes of early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients with acute cholecystitis. Methods: This.....

Keywords: Acute cholecystitis, laparoscopic cholecystectomy, early cholecystectomy, delayed cholecystectomy,
gallstone disease.

[1]. Townsend CM, Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL. Sabiston textbook of surgery. 20th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2017.
[2]. Williams NS, O’Connell PR, McCaskie AW. Bailey & Love’s short practice of surgery. 27th ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2018.
[3]. Brunicardi FC, Andersen DK, Billiar TR, Dunn DL, Hunter JG, Matthews JB, et al. Schwartz’s principles of surgery. 11th ed.
New York: McGraw-Hill; 2019.
[4]. Glenn F, Becker CG. Acute cholecystitis: early versus delayed cholecystectomy. Ann Surg. 1982;195(2):131-136.
[5]. Gurusamy KS, Samraj K. Early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis. Cochrane Database Syst
Rev. 2006;(4):CD005440..

Abstract: Background: Clinical studies and mathematical simulation models have demonstrated that measurement error and systematic bias in capillary blood glucose readings affect glycemic control, hypoglycemia rates, insulin dosing decision and calibration of no factory calibrated continuous glucose monitoring systems. The emergence of local glucose test strips manufacturing in Algeria has the potential to improve patient access to self-monitoring and to reduce healthcare expenditures for health systems. However, the absence of independent post marketing validation......

Keywords: Blood glucose meter (BGM), analytic accuracy, clinical precision, bias trends, International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 15197:2013, PARKES error grid (PEG), Surveillance error grid (SEG), Diabetes technology society (DTS) grid, Mean Absolute Relative Difference (MARD), Standard Deviation of Relative Difference (SDRD).

[1]. David Flood , Jacqueline A Seiglie , Matthew Dunn And Al. The State Of Diabetes Treatment Coverage In 55 Low-Income And Middle-Income Countries: A Cross-Sectional Study Of Nationally Representative, Individual-Level Data In 680 102 Adults. Lancet Healthy Longev. 2021 June ; 2(6): E340–E351. Doi:10.1016/S2666-7568(21)00089-1
[2]. Hong Suna, Pouya Saeedia, Suvi Karuranga And All. IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global, Regional And Country-Level Diabetes Prevalence Estimates For 2021 And Projections For 2045. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2022 January ; 183: 109119.
Doi:10.1016/J.Diabres.2021.109119
[3]. World Health Organization. WHO Africa. Https://Www.Afro.Who.Int/Health-Topics/Diabetes
[4]. Mitchell E. Geffne . Childhood Diabetes In Low- And Middle-Income Countries: Progress, Challenges, And Actions Needed, Volume II. Front. Endocrinol. 14:1304716. Doi: 10.3389/Fendo.2023.1304716
[5]. International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 9th Edn. Brussels, Belgium

Abstract: Uncomplicated cystitis is a common presentation of urinary tract infections prompting healthcare consultation, with Escherichia coli as the predominant etiological agent followed by Klebsiella spp. and Pseudomonas spp. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) AWaRe classification, oral Fosfomycin is categorized in the “Watch” group and the intravenous formulation in the “Reserve” group for UTIs; although Fosfomycin was previously a highly effective antimicrobial......

Keywords: E. coli, Fluoroquinolones, Fosfomycin, Multidrug Resistant (MDR), UTI treatment

[1]. Cassir N, Rolain JM, Brouqui P: A New Strategy To Fight Antimicrobial Resistance: The Revival Of Old Antibiotics. Frontiers In Microbiology. 201420, 5:551.
[2]. Kaase M, Szabados F, Anders A, Gatermann SG: Fosfomycin Susceptibility In Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae From Germany. Journal Of Clinical Microbiology. 2014, 52:1893-7.
[3]. Mayer WA: Commentary In Response To BMC Urology Publication Entitled “Infection-Related Hospitalization Following Ureteroscopic Stone Treatment: Results From A Surgical Collaborative”. BMC Urology. 2021, 6:150.
[4]. Cockerill F, Patel J, Alder J, Bradford P, Dudley M, Eliopoulos G: Performance Standards For Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing: Twenty-Third Informational Supplement. 100-23.

Abstract: Objective: To synthesize current evidence on the association between obesity and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), covering pathophysiology, clinical implications, and modern management strategies. Methodology: A systematic review of scientific literature conducted across platforms such as PubMed, Cochrane, and international society guidelines (ESC, ACC, SBC), including studies in English, Spanish, and Portuguese. Results: Obesity is a multifactorial......

Keywords: obesity; cardiovascular diseases; chronic inflammation; visceral adiposity; incretin therapies

[1]. American Heart Association (AHA) / American College Of Cardiology (ACC ). Joint Scientific Statement: Obesity And Cardiovascular Disease: Contemporary Management And Future Directions . Circulation . 2025; 151(2):E45-E68.
[2]. European Society Of Cardiology (ESC). 2024 ESC Guidelines For The Management Of Elevated Blood Pressure And Hypertension . European Heart Journal. 2024; 45(39):3912-4015.
[3]. Brazilian Society Of Cardiology (SBC). Brazilian Guideline On Obesity And Cardiovascular Diseases: Update 2025. Brazilian Archives Of Cardiology. 2025; 122(4):E20250102.
[4]. Koskinas KC, Hanssen CAH, Van Craenenbroeck EM, Blüher M, Gorter TM, Marx N, Mcdonagh TA, Mingrone G, And The ESC Scientific Document Group, Annika Rosengre. Obesity And Cardiovascular Disease: An ESC Clinical Consensus Statement European Heart Journal (2024) 45, 4063–4098 Https://Doi.Org/10.1093/Eurheartj/Ehae508 .
[5]. Tiffany M. Powell-Wiley, MD, MPH, FAHA, Chair, Paul Poirier, MD, Phd, FAHA, Vice Chair, Lora E. Burke, Phd, MPH, FAHA, Jean-Pierre Després, Phd, FAHA, Penny Gordon-Larsen, Phd, FAHA, Carl J. Lavie, MD, Scott A. Lear, Phd, FAHA, Chiadi E. Ndumele, MD, Phd, FAHA, Ian J. Neeland, MD, FAHA

Abstract: Fibroma of tendon sheath was first described by Geschickter and Copeland in 1949 (1), but was not formally documented as a clinicopathologic entity until Chung and Enzinger's superb series of 138 cases was published in 1979 (2). These lesions not infrequently present to the dermatologist as small subcutaneous nodules. This tumor has received little attention in the dermatological literature anti as dermatologists play an increasingly important role in the surgical management of cutaneous and subcutaneous tumors the entity deserves wider recognition. The importance of suggesting the diagnosis clinically is that although most are histologically bland ant obviously benign, more cellular lesions may he misinterpreted as malignant. The differential diagnosis is briefly discussed..

Keywords: Fibroma, tendon sheath, subcutaneous nodules, swelling over dorsum of left foot

[1]. Geschickter CF, Copeland NM. Tumours Of Bone. 3rd Ed. Lippineott JB 1949, 693.
[2]. Chung EB, Enzinger FM. Fibroma Of Tendon Sheath. Cancer 197y;44:194.'5.
[3]. Azzopardi JG. Tanda F. Salm R. Tcnosynovial Fibroma. Diagnost Histopathol 1983;6:69.
[4]. Lundgien LG, Kindblom L-G. Fibroma Of Tendon Sheath. Aeta Pathol Microbiol Imtiiunol Scand 1984;A 92:401.
[5]. Hashimoto H. Tsuncyoshi M. Daimaru Y, Ushijinia M, Enjoji M. Fibroma Of Tendon Sheath: A Tumour Of Myofibroblasts. A Elinieopathologie Study Of 18 Cases. Aeta Pathol Jpn 198;35:1099.

Abstract: Introduction: Enchondroma is a benign tumor, commonly seen in long short bones. An enchondroma is a type of non-cancerous bone tumor that begins in cartilage. Cartilage is the gristly connective tissue from which most bones develop. Cartilage plays an important role in the growth process. There are many different types of cartilage in the body. Enchondroma is a benign tumor, commonly seen in long short bones. Aim: Generalafter skeletal maturity, enchondroma do not grow and rarely cause pain. Endosteal scalloping may occur with enchondroma. Reporting this unusual location, Intra-Medullary and long bone, in Femur distal third marrow, in our case.

Keywords: intramedullary enchondroma, distal femur, curettage

[1]. Walden MJ, Murphy MD, Vidal JA. Incidental Enchondromas Of The Knee. AJR Am Roentgenol 2008;190(6):1611-15.
[2]. Edward M, Jewusiak, Kenneth F Spence, Kenneth W Sell. Solitary Benign Enchondroma Of The Long Bones Of The Hand . JBJS Am 1971;53(8):1587-1590.
[3]. Campbells Operative Orthopaedics, 12 Th Edition , Tumours. Benign Bone Tumours And Nonneoplastic Conditions Simulating Bone Tumours, S Terry Canale, James H Beaty, 1, 865.
[4]. Tureks Orthopaedics: Principles And Their Application, 4th Edition, Samuel L Turek, 1, 599.
[5]. Kendell SD, Collons MS, Arkins MC, Sundaram M, Tinny KK. Radiographic Differentiation Of Enchondroma From Low Grade Chondrosarcoma In The Fibula . Skeletal Radiology 2004;33(8):1432-2161.

Abstract: A comparative study was done on 60 nulliparous women at >37 weeks of gestation and 18-35 years age group, requested for epidural labour analgesia, In Group B 2.5 ml Bupivacaine (0.5%) + 7.25 ml normal saline was given and in Group BF Fentanyl 50mcg + 2.5 ml Bupivacaine (0.5%) + 6.5 ml normal saline given.It was observed that epidural.....

Keywords: Epidural analgesia,Fentanyl, Bupivacaine

[1]. Robinson JO,Rosen M, Evans JM ,Et Al. Maternal Opinion About Analgesia For Labour.A Contolled Trial Between Epidural Block And Intramuscular Pethidine Combined With Inhalation.Anaesthesia 1980;35:1173-81.
[2]. Writer D. Epidural Analgesia For Labour.Anaethesology Clinics Of North America 1992; 10: 59- 85.
[3]. Vertommen JD , Vandermeulen E,Van Aken H,Et Al. The Effects Of Addition Of Sufentanil To 0.125% Bupivacaine On Quality Of Analgesia During Labour And On The Incidence Of Instrumental Deliveries. Anesthesiology 1991; 74:809-14.
[4]. Cambic CR, Wong CA. Labour Analgesia And Obstetric Outcomes. Br J Anaesth2010;105:50-60.[Pubmed]
[5]. Li B,Wang H,Gao C.Bupivacaine In Combination With Fentanyl Or Sulfentanil Inepidural/Intrathecal Analgeswia For Labor:A Metaanalysis.J Clin Pharmacol 2015;55:584-591.[Pub Med]

Abstract: Background: The purpose of our study was to compare the level of adequate block and haemodynamic stability with two different doses of hyperbaric bupivacaine in spinal anaesthesia for patients undergoing lower segment caesarean section.
Materials And Methods: 60 pregnant patients belonging to ASA I & II undergoing elective caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia were studied in this prospective study. First group A (n=30) was given inj. Hyperbaric Bupivacaine 15mg &group B (n=30) was given inj. Hyperbaric Bupivacaine 10 mg. Parameters like time for adequate level of analgesia.....

Keywords: Bupivacaine, spinal anaesthesia, caesarean section

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