IOSR-JAP   Volume-1 ~ Issue-3 ~ July–August 2012

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Spinors and Their Applications to Track near Earth Objects
Country	:	India
Authors	:	A. Lakshmi || S. N. Hasan
	:	10.9790/4861-0130109

Abstract: In this paper Spinors of Euclidean spaces of Geometric Algebras over a real field are defined and their algebraic and rotational properties are discussed. The advantage of using Spinors in solving problems of Celestial Mechanics is illustrated by studying the tracking problem of near Earth objects. It is shown that this technique of using spinors can replace the conventional methods and also provide a richer formalism.
Key words: Euler angles, Geometric Algebra, Euclidean spaces, Rotations, Spinors.

[1] Hestenes D. New Foundations for Classical Mechanics. D. Reidel Publishing, 1986.
[2] Hestenes D. Space-Time Algebra: Gordon and Breach (1966).
[3] Lounesto P. Clifford Algebras and Spinors, 2nd Edition, Cambridge University Press (2001).
[4] Kuipers J.B. Quaternions and Rotation sequences. Princeton university press, Princeton.
[5] New Jersey (1999).
[6] Hasan S. N. Use of Clifford Algebra in Physics: A mathematical model, M.Phil Thesis, University of Hyderabad, India (1987).

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Shelf-Life Extension of Nigerian Pepper (Capsicum Frutescens Linn and Capsicum Annuum Linn) Following Gamma Irradiation
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	OWOADE L.R., ADEMOLA J.A.
	:	10.9790/4861-0131014

Abstract: The shelf-life extension of two types of Nigerian pepper (Capsicum frutescens linn and Capsicum annuum linn) was determined after gamma irradiation from a Cobalt-60 Gamma Irradiator, Model Gamma Cell 220. Capsicum frutescens linn "Atarodo, Hausa type" and "Atarodo, Ibadan local" were studied while Capsicum annuum linn "Sombo" was also studied within a period of fifty four days. The samples were irradiated with different gamma doses ranging from 0.5 – 4.0 kGy. The result obtained showed that, the shelf-life extension of Capsicum frutescens linn "Atarodo Hausa type" is forty-two days, while that of Capsicum frutescens linn "Atarodo Ibadan local" is forty eight days while the shelf-life extension of Capsicum annuum linn "Sombo" is fifty–four days. The optimum dose for the shelf-life extension of the pepper studied was 1.0 kGy. The irradiation of these food composites has clearly revealed the merits of food preservation by irradiation through considerable shelf-life extension without degrading the quality of the food irradiated.
Key words: Capsicum annuum linn, Capsicum frutescens linn, optimum dose, shelf-life extension

[1] Olorunda, A.O. and Aboaba, F.O., (1977). Food preservation by Ionizing radiation in Nigeria. Vol.1 IAEA- pp221- 227.
[2] Gee-Harold, Mc (2004). Books for a better knowledge of Ingridients. On food and cooking MIR publishers, London.
[3] Geneva, (1999). Food borne disease: 'a focus health education'. Vol. 2 pp299-313.
[4] Dietz, V., Mead, P.S., Slutsker, L. (2008). Food Related illness and death in the United States, Centres for Disease Control and Prevention 'Vol. 5'. Population reference Bureau, http://www/prb.org.
[5] Glubrecht, H. (1978). 'Basic effects of radiation on food matter'. Proceedings of a symposium Wageningen on food preservation by irradiation Vol. 29. Pp 238.
[ 6] Hulme, A.C. (1971). The biochemistry of fruits and their products. Vols. I and II, Academic Press, London.
[7] Grosch, D.S. and Hopwood, L.E. (1979). Biological effects of radiation, second edition, Academic press. pp 97.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Plasmapause and Increase in Whistler Mode Wave's Growth
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Ashwani Kumar, Anil Kumar, D.P. Singh
	:	10.9790/4861-0131519

Abstract: Singh et al have studied in detail the Whistler mode VLF waves intensity enhancement, by assuming change in VII , volume of flux tube, EII change due to a change of position of plasmapause. Enhancing this work, we in place of energy increase, consider the wave growth increase of whistler mode waves. The results are in agreement with reported observations and suggest that plasmapause plays an important role in wave propagation. It is shown that this guidance is possible at both the inner and outer edges of the Plasmapause and that more efficient guide occurs as the Plasmapause gradients become stronger. In the case of strong gradients, waves coming from a wide latitudes range (~80) are focused tightly about the plasmapause field lines, resulting in a wave intensity increase of about 3dB near the magnetic equator plane12.Since plasmapause has inner & outer edges, we can say that it has a widthpp) which depends upon Kpmax values, MLT as well as L the McIlwain parameters.pp variation is discussed in next section.
Keywords: Wave Propagation, Plasmapause, Plasma instability, Whistler mode waves. PACS Nos. 94.20Bb, 94.20Pp.94.30Gm

[1] Singh DP, Whistler wave intensity enhancement at Plasmapause, Singh UP& Prakash R Indian J Radio & Space Physics.
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[4] Singh DP & Singh B, Propagation characteristics of ground based VLF waves after emerging from the ducts in the ionosphere, Ann. Geophys 34(1978) 113.
[5] Cerisier JC, theoretical and experimental study of non-ducted VLF waves after propagation through the magnetosphere, J. Atoms. Terres Phys. 35(1973).
[6] Cerisier JC, Ductly and Partially ducted propagation of VLF waves propagation through the magnetosphere, J. Atoms. Terres Phys. 36(1974)1443.
[7] Carpenter DL, Whistler study of Plasmapause in the magnetosphere.
[8] Carpenter DL, Relation between the dawn minimum in the equatorial radii of the Plasmapause and Dst, kp and local K at Byrd station, J Geophys 72 (1967)2969.
[9] Carpenter DL and ParkCG On what ionosphere workers should know about the plasmapause –Plasmasphere, Rev. Geophys Res(USA),11(1973)133.
[10] Carpenter DL & Anderson RR,An ISEE/whistler mode of equatorial electron density in the magnetosphere, Res (USA),97(1992)1097.