iosr-JPBS   Volume-9 ~ Issue-3 ~ May-June 2014

Abstract: Senna alata L. Roxb, is an ethnomedicinal plant belonging to Fabaceae family. The plant is known to possess potent medicinal properties include laxative, antitumor, antimutagenic, antioxidant and antifungal. Seeds of S. alata possess a hard seed coat which acts as a barrier for seed germination. Zygotic embryos were cultured on various media (half and full - strength Murashige and Skoog's medium, Gamborg's medium) with different concentrations of sucrose(10-30g/L) and plant growth regulators (PGRs). Maximum percentage of embryo germination and healthy plantlet formation were observed on MSO (Murashige and Skoog basal) medium containing 20 g/L sucrose without PGRs. Multiple shoot formation was observed on MS (Murashige and Skoog's) medium containing 20g/L sucrose supplemented with 2 mg/L BAP. The formed seedlings were acclimatized in sterile vermiculite: garden soil (1:1) and later shifted to field conditions. The newly formed plantlets resembled the donor plant phenotypically. This protocol can be used for multiplication and conservation of the species.
Key Words: Acclimatization, Culture medium, In vitro zygotic embryo culture, Multiple shoots, Plantlet formation, Seed dormancy, Senna alata.

Abstract: DNA fingerprinting is a straightforward approach for identifying variations at a locus. The term DNA-fingerprinting was introduced for the first time by Alec Jeffrey2 in 1985 to describe bar-code-like DNA fragment patterns generated by multilocus probes after electrophoretic separation of genomic DNA fragments. The emerging patterns make up an unique feature of the analyzed individual and are currently considered to be the ultimate tool for biological individualization. Recently, the term DNA fingerprinting/profiling is used to describe the combined use of several single locus detection systems and are being used as versatile tools for investigating various aspects of plant genomes. This technique used to detect the Cylindrocladium quinqueseptatum which infects Eucalyptus species, based on DNA based markers such as RAPD, PCR-RFLP, ITS. Eucalyptus is grown in many parts of the country it has become commercially very important as raw material for the pulp, paper and plywood industries of northern India. Some Eucalyptus species have attracted attention from global development researchers and environmentalists. Such species have desirable traits such as being fast-growing sources of wood, producing oil that can be used for cleaning and functions as a natural insecticide.
Keywords: DNA fingerprinting, Cylindrocladium quinqueseptatum, Eucalyptus

Abstract: Background: Cystic echinococcosis or hydatidosis is caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus, is one of the most important parasitic infestations in livestock worldwide and one of the most important parasitic zoonoses. A crosssectional study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of hydatidosis in humans in Baghdad governorate and determine the risk factors associated with disease occurrence. Methods: After collecting hydatid cysts from patients was done to determine the presence of hydatid cysts in human . The viability and fertility tests were done on all of the cysts collected during the study. A questionnaire survey to identify risk factors of transmission was also carried out. Results: A total of sixty (60) cases of human hydatidosis were collected ,(73%) were liver cyst ,(20%) were lung cyst, (3%) cyst were in liver and lung and (3%) were liver ,lung and spleen .Our result was showed after viability examination ,(47%)of cyst were fertile ,(37%)cyst were steriale,(10%) cyst were calcified and (7%) cyst were under developed.sixty (60%) were femals and (40%) were males. Conclusion: The study has established that hydatidosis is prevalent in humans in Baghdad governorate and that the risk factors for its transmission exist. The disease health concern
Keywords: hydatid cyst , prevalence rate , vibility test ,Baghdad governorate

Abstract: Cylendrocladium quinqueseptatum, a soil born pathogen, cause leaf and twig blight disease in nurseries and plantation of Eucalyptus often aggravates during monsoon season to epidemic proportions resulting in large scale mortality of young seedling in nurseries and extensive defoliation of young plants and young coppice shoots in plantations. CLB caused by Cylindrocladium quinqueseptatum was first serious disease to be reported by Sehgal et al.,(1969) that affected Eucalyptus seedlings in nurseries and plantation. Cylindrocladium is known to cause foliage as well as root diseases of Eucalyptus in Kerala (Sharma et al. 1984). Different diseases of this pathogen has been reported to cause Eucalyptus diseases in south India. However, in northern part of India only one species, Cylendrocladium quinqueseptatum is encountered causing seedling blight in Eucalyptus nurseries.
Keywords: Cylendrocladium quinqueseptatum, Cylindrocladium leaf blight, Eucalyptus, Fungicide

Abstract: This study aimed at evaluating the sensitivity patterns of bacterial isolates from patients with indwelling urinary catheter. The disc diffusion method was adopted for the sensitivity testing while spread plate method was adopted for the isolation of the organisms from the urine samples. Organisms isolated includes Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus varidans. The gram negative bacteria showed high resistance to ampicillin (100%), chloramphenicol (100%), Penicillin (100%), Cloxacillin (100%), Nalidixic acid (100%) and Tetracycline (100%). The gram positive - Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus varidans isolates showed 100% resistance with those drugs as with the gram negative. Collistin was effective against all the isolates (100% susceptibility). The use of antibiotics should be kept under supervision, should be given in appropriate doses for an appropriate period of time and control programmes for hospital-infections should be carried out in order to prevent or decrease resistance to antibiotics.
Keywords: Bacterial isolates, Antibacterial susceptibility, indwelling urinary catheter.

Abstract: Thyroid disorders are the most common endocrine disorders. In the present study 51 hypothyroid cases and 50 Euthyroid controls were analysed for Thyroid Profile, Lipid Profile, Body Mass Index (BMI) waist circumference, Hip circumference and waist hip ratio. Out of 51 Hypothyroid subjects studied, 5 are having subclinical Hypothyroidism, 20 are having mild Hypothyroidism, 14 Subjects are having moderate Hypothyroidism and 12 are having severe Hypothyroidism. It was found that Hypothroidism is associated with Obesity and hence weight reduction and regular physical exercise are to be advised for Hypothyroid Patients. It was also observed that Hypercholesterolemia with increased LDL-C and decreased HDL-C were noticed in Hypothyroid subjects and hence early detection of Hypothyroidism will help in prevention of progression of the disease to severity.
Key Words: BMI-Body Mass Index; HDL-C High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ; LDL-C Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol.

Abstract: Fucoidan is one of the main bioactive components of polysaccharides. About 4percent of the total dry weight of many types of brown seaweed consists of polysaccharides known as fucoidan.It is a sulfated polysaccharide that possesses a complex structure. Chief components include a sulfuric esterified L-fucose, the trace elements of galactose,xylose and glucronic acid. The search for new drugs has raised interest in fucoidans. In the last few years, several fucoidans' structures have been solved. This review summarizes the research progress on the structure and bioactivity of fucoidansand the relationships between structure and bioactivity

Abstract: Cancer is a large group of diseases involving disordered cell growth. In this type of disease (cancer), cells will grow and divide very fast So that is uncontrollable and may be converted to malignant tumours.There are several types of cancer, including Gastric cancer. Unfortunately, Gastric cancer is a global health issue and also it is the second leading cause of cancer mortality in the world [3]. Biology and chemical scientists across the world are trying to find the ways and more effective drugs to treatment for this disease. But it is very time consuming and expensive, for this reason Bioinformatics scientists try to do this process in much less time by using in silico methods and some software and tools and obtain a more favourable results. For example, nowadays Bioinformaticians use some software and databases for discover or design any drugs and compounds with spend less of time and less cost . Based on the previous studies, various molecular target agents have been investigated for Gastric cancer [4] and they have shown that over expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR family is composed of known four receptors HER1, HER2, HER3 and HER4) or gene mutations in members of HER family are rare in Gastric cancer[6]. In this project we have choose two targets HER1 and HER2 of this family, because over expression of HER1 occurs in 24% of Gastric cancer and HER2 gene is amplified or over expressed in 10% to 22% of Stomach cancer[4],[14].

Abstract: This In- vitro study was carried out to determine the antibacterial efficacy of six different toothpastes against the pathogens isolated from the mouth (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus spp) by disc diffusion method. Holdent toothpaste showed maximum zone of inhibition against S. aureus, E. coli and Streptococcus spp (14.00 ± 1.00, 12.33±0.57 and 14.00 ± 1.00 respectively). There was no significant difference (p>0.05) between the zones of inhibition for Staphylococcus aureus in both holdent and oral B toothpaste. There was a significant difference (p>0.05) between the zones of inhibition for Streptococcus species in close up herbal, oral B and hodent toothpaste B. This study demonstrated that triclosan containing toothpaste formulation e.g. holdent is more effective in the control of oral micro flora courpared to non triclosan containing toothpaste e.g. 2080. This work therefore suggest that toothpaste effectively reduced the total bacterial load of the mouth.
Keywords: Antibacteral potentials, toothpaste, comparative analysis, Oral bacteria

Abstract: A simple, specific and cost effective RP-HPLC method was developed for simultaneous estimation of Dosulepin and Methylcobalamin in bulk. In addition the developed method was applied to the suitable combined tablet dosage form ie., Prothiaden. As there is no UV or HPLC method for the simultaneous estimation of Dosulepin and Methylcobalamin, a need was felt to develop the method for the analysis of both drugs simultaneously. Chromatography was carried on Zorbax C8 column (150x4.5, 5) with mobile phase comprising of Ortho Phosphoric Acid buffer and Methanol in the ratio of 50:50 v/v. The flow rate was adjusted to 0.8 ml/min with PDA detection at 219.8 nm. The retention times of Dosulepin and Methylcobalamin were found to be 3.8 min, 1.9 min respectively and other replicate standard system suitability parameters are within the limit and uniform. The different analytical parameters such as accuracy, precision, linearity, robustness, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ) were determined according to the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) Q2B guidelines. The detector response was linear in the range of 0.9-2.7 mg/ml., 0.018-0.054 mg/ml for Dosulepin and Methylcobalamin respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied for the reliable quantification of active pharmaceuticals present in the commercial formulations.
Keywords: Dosulepin, Methylcobalamin, HPLC, Methanol, Ortho Phosphoric Acid.