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Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activities of two green seaweeds: Enteromorpha intestinalis and Ulva lactuca collected from the Matla river of Indian Sunderbans Delta. Both seaweeds showed antibacterial activities against several gram positive, and gram negative human pathogens obtained either clinically or from microbial type collection centre. Several pathogens among the clinically isolated strains were multidrug resistant isolates........
Keywords: Antimicrobial, phytochemical screening, seaweed extracts, Enteromorpha intestinalis, Ulva lactuca
[1]. C.Vinayak, S.Sabu, and A.Chatterji, Bio-Prospecting of a few brown seaweeds for their cytotoxic and antioxidant activities. Evidence-Based Comple. Alt. Med. 2011, 1-9. [2]. S. Priyadharshini, Bragadeeswaran, S. Prabhu, K. and Rani, S. Antimicrobial and hemolytic activity of seaweed extracts Ulva fasciata (Delile 1813) from Mandapam, Southeast coast of India. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed. 2012, S37-S39. [3]. S. Dave Chanda, R. Kaneria, and M Nagani, Seaweeds: A novel, untapped source of drugs from sea to combat infectious diseases. Current Research, Technology and Education Topics in applied Microbiology and Microbial biotechnology. Formatex. 2010, 1-788 [4]. K. Chennubhotla, N. Kaliyaperumal, and S. Kalimuthu, Economically Important Seaweeds. Bulletin Cent. Mar. Fish. Res. Inst. 41, 1987 3-19. [5]. Y. Freile – Pelegri'n and J.L. Morales, Antibacterial activity in marine algae from the coast of Yucatan, Mexico. Bot. Mar. 47, 2004, 140 – 146.
Abstract: In this study elemental impurities method of quantitative analysis for the determination of trace metals in Ingenol mebutate (API) by ICP-MS was validated and applied. ICP-MS is a multi-element technique characterized by high selectivity, sensitivity and detection limits much lower than other multi-element techniques. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) equipped with microwave digestion is considered an excellent tool for detailed characterization of the elementary composition of many samples........
Keywords: ICP-MS, Microwave digestion, Multi element analysis, method validation.
[1]. ICH Q2 (R1), Validation of Analytial procedures, Text and Methodology, International Conference on Harmonization. Geneva. 2005. p. 1-17. [2]. Maria Chudzinska • Anna Debska •Danuta Baralkiewicz, Method validation for determination of 13 Elements in honey samples by ICP-MS, Springerlink.com, Accred Qual Assur (2012) 17:65–73 [3]. C. Voica1, a. Dehelean1, A. Iordache, I. Geana, Method validation for determination of metals in soils by ICP-MS, Romanian Reports in Physics, Vol. 64, No. 1, P. 221–231, 2012 [4]. Cezara Voica, Adriana Dehelean and A Pamula, Method validation for determination of heavy metals In wine and slightly alcoholic beverages by ICP-MS, Journal of Physics: Conference Series 182 (2009) 012036 [5]. ISO (1993) Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM). International Organization for Standardization, Geneva; also JCGM 100:2008
Abstract: The specific branch o developmental biology which deals with abnormalities caused as a result of failure of normal pattern of development is referred as teratogenesis. Retinoids are essential for spermatogenesis, oogenesis, placental development, foetal morphogenesis and growth. The role of vitamin A in vision is well known. Active derivative of vitamin A (Retinoids) play an important and multiple role in Mammalian development and homeostasis (Sapin, et.al. 1997, Dup et al 1997). These essential dietary compounds are needed in very small quantities, they are not synthesized by the animals and are obtained from external sources in the form of β carotene (C40H56).......
Keywords: Retinoids, Teratology, Swiss albino mice, Skeletal elements.
[1]. Coblan , S.Q.(1953):Excessive intake of Vit A as a cause of congenital anomalies in Rat. Science 117:535-536. [2]. Coblan , S.Q. (1954):Congenital anomalies in rat produced by excessive intake of vit A during pregnancy.Pediatrics. 13 556-557. [3]. Dickman , E.D. and Smith, S.M. (1996) Selective regulation of cardiomyocyte expressionand cardiac morphogenesis by RA dev dynamics 206(1):39-48. [4]. Effendy. I., (1996): Differential irritant skin responses to topical RA and sodium layryl sulphate alone and in crossover design British J. of Dermatology 134: 420-430. (Abstract). [5]. Elmzar, M.M.A.(1996). Pattern of Retinoid induced teratogenic effect. Possible relationship with relative selectivity for nuclear retinoid receptors RAR-alpha,RAR-beta and RAR gama. Teratology53(3):158-167.(Abstract).
Abstract: The specific branch of developmental biology which deals with abnormalities caused as a result of failure of normal pattern of development is referred as teratogenesis. Retinoids are essential for spermatogenesis, oogenesis, placental development, foetal morphogenesis and growth. The role of vitamin A in vision is well known . Active derivative of vitamin A (Retinoids ) play an important and multiple role in Mammalian development and homeostasis (Sapin, et.al. 1997, Dup et al 1997)....
Keywords: Retinoids, Teratology, Swiss albino mice, Liver.
[1]. Coblan , S.Q.(1953):Excessive intake of Vit A as a cause of congenital anomalies in Rat. Science 117:535-536. [2]. Coblan , S.Q. (1954):Congenital anomalies in rat produced by excessive intake of vit A during pregnancy. Pediatrics. 13 556-557. [3]. Dickman , E.D. and Smith, S.M. (1996) Selective regulation of cardiomyocyte expression and cardiac morphogenesis by RA dev dynamics 206(1):39-48. [4]. Effendy. I., (1996): Differential irritant skin responses to topical RA and sodium layryl sulphate alone and in crossover design British J. of Dermatology 134: 420-430. (Abstract). [5]. Elmzar, M.M.A.(1996). Pattern of Retinoid induced teratogenic effect. Possible relationship with relative selectivity for nuclear retinoid receptors RAR-alpha,RAR-beta and RAR gama. Teratology 53(3):158-167.(Abstract).
Abstract: In this paper, the production of hydrogen (H+) ions with the formation of oxygen (O2) from the splitting of entering water molecules (H2O) is clearly shown according to flash experiment in photolysis. For this purpose, four unstable or metastable intermediate S-states ([S0+], [S1+], [S2+] & [S3+]) are introduced; which are produced from the four stable S-states (S0, S1, S2, & S3) respectively via the intermediate S-states [YZoxSn]; n=0,1,2,3 respectively after development of reduced tyrosine (Yz) in S-cycle. This attempt can express a unique model of S-cycle over all other introduced schemes about the splitting of water (H2O) to generate electrons (e), hydrogen (H+) ions and oxygen (O2) during photosynthesis.
Keywords: Photolysis, Photosystem-II, S-cycle, Flash Experiment, Stable S-states & Intermediate S-states.
[1]. Kok, B., B. Forbush, and M. McGloin. 1970 cooperation of charges in photosynthetic O2 evolution. I.A Linear four step mechanism. Photochem, Photobios. 11: 457-475. [2]. Mar, T., and Govindjee. 1972.Kinetic models of oxy evolution in photosynthesis. J. TheorBiol 36:427-446. [3]. Joliot P. 2003, Period-four oscillations of the flash –induced oxygen formation in photosynthesis, photosyn. Res. 76(1-3) : 65-72. doi : 10.1023/A : 1024946610564. PMID 16228566. [4]. Jab lonsky J., Lazar D. 2008. Evidence for intermediate S-states as initial phase in the process of oxygen evolving complex oxidation. Biophy. J. 94(7) :2725-36. doi : 10.1529/biophysj. 107.122861. PMC 2267143. OMID 1827865.
Abstract: I150 Samples have been collected, through the period from January/2016 to June/2016 . This for isolation and identification of pathogenic gram negative bacteria. The samples were involve 50 burns samples for isolate Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 50 stool samples for isolate Escherichia coli and 50 urine samples for isolate Enterobacter cloacae and Proteus mirabilis. The isolates were identified by ten biochemical tests as well as the sensitivity and resistant were tested by thirteen type of antibiotics.
Keywords: Pathogenic gram negative bacteria, Resistant, Antibiotic, biochemical tests.
[1]. Alhazmi. A. (2015). Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pathogenesis and Pathogenic Mechanisms. International Journal of Biology. 7(2): 44-67. [2]. Allocati, N. Masulli, M. Alexeyev, M.F. and Carmine, B.D. (2013). Escherichia coli in Europe: An Overview. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 10: 6235-6254. [3]. Al-Mutairi, M.H. Ali, S. Aly, S.M. and Aldebasi, Y. (2016). Antimicrobial activity of Sider (Ziziphus Spina- Christi), Leaves extract against selected pathogenic bacteria. Ejpmr. 3(5): 138-144. [4]. Anuj Nautiyal, N.V. Madhav, S. Sharma R.K. Ojha, A. and Bhargava, S. (2015). Review on Nosocomial Infections. Carib. J .Sci Tech. 3: 781-788. [5]. Armbruster, C.E. and Mobley, H.L.T. (2012). Merging mythology and morphology: the multifaceted lifestyle of Proteus mirabilis. Nat Rev Micro. 10: 743-754.
Abstract: The wild African giant rat is currently explored as a laboratory model for scientific research. The present study is aimed at investigating the gross morphology, histology and histochemistry of the thyroid gland of wild African giant pouched rat. Twenty wild African giant pouched rats comprising of ten males and ten females were used for this study and they were humanly sacrificed using chloroform. Their thyroid glands were removed measured, weighted processed stained with H&E and special stain. The result showed that the average weight the average weight of adult male and female AGR were observed to be 1210.00 ± 56.70g and 911.11 ± 24.50g respectively.
Keywords: African giant rat, gross morphology, histochemistry, thyroid gland, sexual dimorphism.
[1]. Abdel-Margied, E. M, Taha, A.A, Abdalla, A. B. (2000). Light and Electron Microscopic Study of Thyroid gland of Camel (Camelus dromedaries). [2]. Abdel-Wahab, M. F. and A. E. Hamza, (1970). Thyroxin contents in thyroid glands of domestic animals. IV. Thyroid activity of camel, cattle, sheep and goats in Sudan. Endokrinologie, 56: 206-212 [3]. Adeyemu, O. and Oke, B.O. (1990). Companies of the Testicular and Epididymisis Protein of the AGR (Cricitomys gambians) and Laboratory Rats. Journal of Tropical Vegetarian 8: 17-27 [4]. Ameda Y. (1987). Localisations of immunoreactive calcitoni gene-related peptide in thyroid C cells from various mammalian species. Anatomical Record, 219: 204-212. [5]. Banks, W. J. (1993). Endocrine System in Applied Veterinary Histology. 3rd Edition, Mosby Books Incorporated, USA PP.408-428.
Abstract: Acinetobacter spp. have risen as important pathogens in medicinal services related contaminations. Carbapenems are vital antimicrobial agents for treating diseases due to multidrug resistant Acinetobacter spp. Resistance to these drugs in the genus, may beconferred by different mechanisms particularly production of class D carbapenemases. OXA-23-like family has been brought up as one of the dominating carbapenemases among Acinetobacter. The present study aimed to investigate the occurrence of OXA-23-like carbapenemases among Acinetobacterisolatesrecovered from patients of hospitals in Babylon, Iraq......
Keywords: BlaOXA-23, Acinetobacter, Oxacillinase, Carbapenem, MDR)
[1]. Fishbain, J. and Peleg, A.Y.(2010). Treatment of Acinetobacter Infections. Cli. Infect. Dis. 51:79-84. [2]. Omran, L. and Askar, E. (2016). Antibiotic Sensitivity Patterns of the Most Common Bacteria Isolated from Al-Mouwasat University Hospital in 2015,Syria. International Journal of PharmTech Research.9 : (1) 113-119.
[3]. Gordon, N.C. and Wareham, D.W.(2010). Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacterbaumannii: mechanisms of virulence and resistance. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 35:219-26. [4]. Gaur, A. ; Garg, A. ; Prakash, P. ; Anupurba, S. and Mohapatra, T.M. (2008) . Observations on carbapenem resistance by minimum inhibitory concentration in nosocomial isolates of Acinetobacter species: an experience at a tertiary care hospital in north India. J Health PopulNutr. 26:183-8. [5]. Towner, K.J. (2009). Acinetobacter: an old friend, but a new enemy. J Hosp Infect. 73:355-63.
Abstract: The aim of the present work was to develop and validate a rapid Reverse Phase Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatographic method for the simultaneous estimation of Emtricitabine, Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate, Cobicistat and Elvitegravir in its bulk and tablet dosage form with forced degradation studies. The separation was performed by ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 (100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 m particle size) column, Waters ACQUITY UPLC system with PDA detector and mobile phase contained a mixture of 0.01M Ammonium acetate (pH adjusted to 7.5 with ammonium hydroxide) and Acetonitrile (45:55, v/v). The flow rate was set to 0.25 mL/min with responses measured at 268 nm..........
Keywords:Emtricitabine, Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate, Cobicistat, Elvitegravir, UPLC, PDA detector, Hyphenated and ICH..
[1]. J.L. Olin, L.M. Spooner and O.M. Klibanov, Elvitegravir / cobicistat / emtricitabine / tenofovir disoproxil fumarate single tablet for HIV-1 infection treatment, Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 46, 2012, 1671–1677. [2]. C.M. Perry, Elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate single-tablet regimen (Stribild®): a review of its use in the management of HIV-1 infection in adults, Drugs, 74, 2014, 75-97. [3]. N.L. Rezk, R.D. Crutchley and A.D.M. Kashuba, Simultaneous quantification of emtricitabine and tenofovir in human plasma using high-performance liquid chromatography after solid phase extraction, Journal of Chromatography B., 822, 2005, 201–208. [4]. J.A.H. Droste, R.E. Aarnoutse and D.M. Burger, Determination of emtricitabine in human plasma using HPLC with fluorometric detection, Journal of Liquid Chromatography and Related Technologies, 30, 2007, 2769–2778. [5]. V. Jullien, J.M. Treluyer, G. Pons and E. Rey, Determination of tenofovir in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with spectrofluorimetric detection, Journal of Chromatography B.,785,2003,377–381.
Abstract: The Fungal quality of fresh shrimp collected from Ndibe-beach in Afikpo North Local Government Area of Ebonyi State, Nigeria was investigated using standard microbiological procedures. A total of 60g samples sourced from three vendors (A, B, and C) within the beach was used for the study. The shrimp samples were categorized according to size into big, medium and small. These sizes were divided into head, body and tail. The result of this study revealed that the average fungal loads are: 2.07×106, 0.39×106 and 0.79×106 for head, body and tail respectively. Also five fungal isolates were identified which include:`.........
Keywords:Fresh shrimp, Ndibe beach, Food poisoning and Fungi..
[1] Fenner A. Chace, Jr. and Donald P. Abbott (1980). "Caridea: The Shrimps". In Robert Hugh Morris, Donald Putnam Abbott & Eugene Clinton Haderlie. Intertidal Invertebrates of California. Stanford University Press. 567–576. [2] Smith, K.L and Guentzel J.I (2010). Mercury Concentration and Omega3 Fatty Acid in Fish and Shrimps, Preferential Consumption for Maximum Health Benefit. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 6(9); 1615-1618. [3] Jay J. M (1986a). Intrinsic and Extrinsic Parameters of Foods that Affect Microbial Growth. Modern food microbiology Van Nostrand Reinhold Co, NewYork. [4] Elizabeth. R. De Oliveirae Silva, Cynthia E. Seidman, Jason J. Tian, Lisa C. Hudgins, Frank M. Sacks and Jan L. Breslow (1996). "Effects of Shrimp Consumption on Plasma Lipoproteins". American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 64 (5): 712–717 [5] Williams, A. B (1984). Shrimps, lobsters and crabs of the Atlantic coast of the Eastern United States, Marine to Florida. Smithsonian Institution Press. Washington, D C. 550.
Abstract: This work was designed to isolate the microorganisms associated with the spoilage of yogurt products using standard microbiological and biochemical procedure. Six different brands of tetra packed yoghurt which had over stayed and the shelf-life deteriorated were purchased from the production company, market stores that were unable to sell out their yoghurt prior to the expiry date, and from hawkers in Abakaliki metropolis. Two samples of each brand were used and the brand were designated A, B, C, D, E, F, giving a total of 12 yoghurt samples. Bergey's manual was used for bacteria identification. The results reveales the presence of Klebsiella pneumonia, Citrobacter sp, Pseudomonas sp..........
Keywords:Yoghurt spoilage, Tetra packed yoghurt and Bacteria species.
[1] Zemel, M. B., Milstead, A., Gebhardt, L. and Silva, E. (2005). Diary augmentation of total and central fat loss in obese subjects. International Journal of Obesity, 29(4): 391-397. [2] Wilton, J.M (2004). Yoghurt: A Top Health Food. Blackwell Scientific Publication, Washington. PP. 36-44. [3] Peter and Pam (2004). The Cambridge Guide to English Usage. Cambridge University Press, USA. PP. 587-588. [4] Oyeleke, S.B. (2009). Microbial assessment of some commercially prepared yoghurts retailed in Minna. Africa Journal of Microbiology Research. 3(5):245-248. [5] Okpalugo, J., Ibrahim, K., Izebe, K.S. and Inyang, U.S (2008) Aspect of microbial quality of some milk products in Abuja, Nigeria . Tropical Journal of Phaarmaceutical Research. 7 (4): 1169-1177.
