ABSTRACT: Salivary interleukins (ILs), particularly IL-6, IL-8, and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), are emerging as promising biomarkers for the early detection and prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Elevated levels of these cytokines in patients with OSCC reflect the pro-inflammatory microenvironment associated with tumour initiation and progression. This narrative review synthesised data from peer-reviewed studies published between 2010 and 2023, identified through systematic searches of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Studies were selected based on relevance to salivary biomarkers in OSCC, and data were extracted and analysed to......
Keywords: Salivary biomarkers, Interleukins, Oral squamous cell carcinoma, Early detection, Cytokines, Tumour necrosis factor-α, IL-6, IL-8
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