iosr-jmr   Volume-3 ~ Issue-2 ~ Mar. – Apr. 2026

ABSTRACT: The constitutional recognition of Indigenous peoples reflects a global struggle to reconcile state sovereignty with indigenous self-determination. This paper examines the constitutional recognition of Indigenous peoples in India, Australia, Canada, and New Zealand, with the aim of understanding how diverse constitutional frameworks engage with questions of recognition, rights, and sovereignty. It seeks to analyse the mechanisms through which states acknowledge Indigenous communities and the legal and political instruments employed to safeguard their rights, while balancing the demands of state sovereignty. Adopting a comparative methodology, the paper investigates......

Keywords: indigenous peoples, constitutional rights, sovereignty, self-determination, comparative constitutional law

[1]. Appleby G, ‘A First Nations Voice And The Exercise Of Constitutional Power’ (2023) SSRN
Https://Papers.Ssrn.Com/Sol3/Papers.Cfm?Abstract_Id=4346447 Accessed 9 October 2025
[2]. Anaya S J, Indigenous Peoples In International Law (2nd Edn, Oxford University Press 2004)
[3]. Borrows J, Recovering Canada: The Resurgence Of Indigenous Law (University Of Toronto Press 2002)
[4]. Davis M And Williams G, ‘Designing A First Nations Voice To Parliament’ (2021) 103(3) Australian Journal Of Politics And History 1
[5]. Gulzar S, Rao V And Vanden Eynde O, ‘Representation And Forest Conservation In Scheduled Areas’ (2021) King Center Working Papers Https://Kingcenter.Stanford.Edu/Sites/G/Files/Sbiybj16611/Files/Media/File/Wp1095_0.Pdf Accessed 9 October 2025

ABSTRACT: Green washing has become a issue of concern for the consumers as a matter of violation of their rights. This is because the manufacturing companies are using green washing techniques as way of advertising of their products. This has increased more as the consumers are rushing towards green products with or without authentication. This promotes unhealthy and unethical competition of companies in the market. Once the green washing techniques....

Keywords: consumer rights, green washing, false information, violation of rights

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ABSTRACT: The anatomical snuffbox is a triangular depression located on the dorsolateral aspect of the wrist that has traditionally served as an important anatomical landmark in clinical examination. In recent years, it has gained considerable importance as an access site for distal transradial approach in coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention, as well as for arteriovenous fistula creation and reconstructive procedures. The region contains th...

Keywords: – Anatomical snuff box, arteriovenous fistula, radial artery, reconstructive surgery, distal transradial approach

[1]. Standring S, Editor. Gray's Anatomy E-Book: Gray's Anatomy E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2021 May 22.
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[4]. Deora S, Agrawal D, Choudhary R, Kaushik A, Patel TM. Anatomical Snuff Box Approach For Percutaneous Coronary Interventions– Current Status. Indian Heart Journal. 2021 Sep 1;73(5):539-43.
[5]. Thirumurugan E. Anatomical Snuffbox For Interventional Cardiology: Hype Or Hope?. Journal Of The Practice Of Cardiovascular Sciences. 2023 Jan 1;9(1):18-23.

ABSTRACT: This article examines whether and how gender-responsive climate policies strengthen women’s sustainable livelihoods and economic resilience in Nigeria’s Federal Capital Territory (FCT). Specifically, it asks how gender mainstreaming within climate adaptation initiatives affects women’s access to livelihood assets, adaptive strategies, and post-shock recovery across urban–rural transition zones. Anchored in the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework and feminist political ecology, the study adopts a mixed-methods design, combining a structured surv....

Keywords: gender-responsive climate policy; sustainable livelihoods; women’sresilience; climate adaptation; urban–rural transition; Nigeria Date of Submission: 01-03-2026

[1]. African Development Bank. (2023). African Cities And Climate Change: Governance, Finance And Inclusive Growth. Afdb Group.
[2]. African Development Bank. (2024). African Economic Outlook 2024: Mobilising Green Growth In Africa. Afdb Group.
[3]. Carr, E. R., & Thompson, M. C. (2022). Gender And Climate Change Adaptation: From Impacts To Capabilities. World Development, 152, 105779. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Worlddev.2022.105779
[4]. Chambers, R., & Conway, G. (2023). Sustainable Livelihoods After Three Decades: Reframing Poverty, Vulnerability And Resilience. Development Policy Review, 41(2), E12634. Https://Doi.Org/10.1111/Dpr.12634
[5]. Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2023). Designing And Conducting Mixed Methods Research (4th Ed.). Sage.

ABSTRACT: Background: Substance Use Disorders (SUDs) significantly impair physical, psychological, and social functioning. Daily activity performance and self-efficacy are critical determinants of recovery outcomes. Objective: To examine the impact of substance use on daily activities and self-efficacy among individuals with SUD. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among 103 individuals diagnosed with SUD in a rehabilitation center in Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu. The Katz Index of ADL and General Self-Efficacy Scale were used.....

[1]. Baldacchino, A., Et Al. (2012). Neuropsychological Consequences Of Chronic Opioid Use. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 36(9), 2056–2068.
[2]. Bruijnen, C. J. W. H., Et Al. (2019). Prevalence Of Cognitive Impairment In Patients With SUD. Drug And Alcohol Review, 38(4), 435–442.
[3]. Colomer-Pérez, N., Et Al. (2019). Alcohol And Drug Use And Self-Care Ability. Nurse Education Today, 76, 61–65.
[4]. Dennis, M. L., Et Al. (2007). Duration Of Abstinence And Recovery. Evaluation Review, 31(6), 585–612.
[5]. Goldstein, R. Z., & Volkow, N. D. (2011). Prefrontal Cortex Dysfunction In Addiction. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 12(11), 652–669. Laudet, A. B., & White.

ABSTRACT: Background: Gender, a demographic factor, was observed to be associated with diagnosis of dengue infection and its clinical outcome. This study aimed to assess gender differences in the clinical presentation and in-hospital outcomes of dengue patients in Bangladesh.
Methods: The single centered hospital-based observational study was conducted among 100 dengue infected patients from June to October 2025. Only laboratory-confirmed dengue infection (NS1 antigen or IgM antibody positive) patients....

Keywords: Bangladesh; Dengue; Gender differences; Disease severity; Clinical outcomes

[1]. Zeb F, Haleem KS, Almuqbil M, Rashid M, Hussain W, Maqbool F, Et Al. Age, Gender, And Infectious Status-Wise Assessments Of Hematological Parameters Among Patients With Dengue Infection. Heliyon. 2024;10(13):E34053.
[2]. Aamir M, Masood G, Aamir W, Rasheed A, Ejaz A, Syed S. Gender Difference In Patients With Dengue Fever Admitted In A Teaching Hospital, Lahore. Pakistan J Med Heal Sci. 2014;8(1):12–5.
[3]. Queiroz ER Da S, Medronho R De A. Spatial Analysis Of The Incidence Of Dengue, Zika And Chikungunya And Socioeconomic Determinants In The City Of Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Epidemiol Infect. 2021;149:E188.
[4]. World Heaalth Organization. Disease Outbreak News: Dengue - Global Situation. 2024 [Cited 1BC Mar 7].
Https://Www.Who.Int/Emergencies/Disease-Outbreak-News/Item/2024-DON518
[5]. Araf Y, Akter M, Zhai J, Zheng C, Hossain MG. Emerging Health Implications Of Climate Change: Dengue Outbreaks And Beyond In Bangladesh. The Lancet Microbe. 2024;5(3):E213.

ABSTRACT: The tourism sector in India has undergone a dramatic change in terms of preferences of destination, place of stay and other local region-based parameters. Homestays have become more preferred place of stay for travelers, where they can experience local culture and local cuisine along with stay at a homely atmosphere. This shift in tourism sector has created a huge change in local rural economy. This purpose of this paper was to assess the present....

Keywords: Local business, homestay, Darjeeling, Kalimpong, West Bengal

[1]. Aquino, R.S., Lück, M., & Schänzel, H.A. (2018). Tourism Social Entrepreneurship For Sustainable Community Development: Review And Conceptual Framework, In T. Young, P. Stolk, & G. Mcginnis (Eds.), CAUTHE 2018: Get Smart: Paradoxes And Possibilities In Tourism, Hospitality And Events Education And Research (Pp. 369-379). Newcastle, Australia: The University Of Newcastle.
[2]. Beeton, S. (2006). Community Development Through Tourism. Collingwood, Australia: Landlinks.
[3]. Bhattacharyya, J. (2004). Theorizing Community Development. Journal Of The Community Development Society, 34(2), 5–34.
[4]. Bran F., Dinu M., Simon T. (1997). Rural Tourism: The European Model, Economic Publishing House, Bucharest, P.7.

ABSTRACT: Various programs have been implemented to improve police performance and accountability in the United States. This article is focused on a rarely examined area, police auditing, as a way to achieve this purpose. Many police audits have been conducted over the past three decades especially in recent years to address police efficiency, economy, effectiveness, and compliance. This study is aimed at answering two questions: What methods have been used in auditing various police programs? And what immediate results have been achieved from the use of these methods?....

Keywords: Police Auditing, Standards, Criteria, Methods, Results.

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