iosr-JMCE   Volume-22 ~ Issue-5 ~ Sep. – Oct. 2025

Abstract: Nigeria’s commercial sector faces persistent electricity shortages, high operational costs, and environmental challenges due to heavy reliance on grid supply supplemented with diesel generators. This study evaluates the impacts of hybrid photovoltaic (PV) systems adopted by commercial buildings in Nigeria, focusing on economic performance, environmental sustainability, and energy reliability. A mixed-methods research design was employed, combining survey responses from 120 commercial building operators in Lagos, Abuja, and Port Harcourt with secondary data from national and international.........

Keywords: Hybrid PV, commercial buildings, renewable energy, Nigeria, energy cost, carbon emissions

[1]. Adegbemi, A., Olaleye, O., & Ogunleye, A. (2021). Renewable Energy And Economic Growth In Nigeria: Investigating The Role Of Electricity Consumption. Energy Policy, 149(1), 112–125.
[2]. Adesanya, A. A., Sidortsov, R. V., & Yao, Z. (2019). Economic Viability Of Captive Off-Grid Solar Photovoltaic And Diesel Hybrid Systems In Developing Countries. Renewable Energy, 131, 83–95.
[3]. Akinyele, D. O., & Rayudu, R. K. (2016). Strategy For Developing Energy Systems For Remote Communities: Insights To Best Practices And Sustainability. Sustainable Energy Technologies And Assessments, 16, 106–127.
[4]. Ayodele, T. R., Ogunjuyigbe, A. S. O., & Alao, M. A. (2020). Economic Viability Of Hybrid Energy Systems For Off-Grid Applications In Nigeria. Renewable And Sustainable Energy Reviews, 132, 110101. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Rser.2020.110101
[5]. Ayodele, T. R., Ogunjuyigbe, A. S., & Odigie, O. (2020). Economic And Environmental Benefits Of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems For Nigeria’s Commercial Sector. Journal Of Cleaner Production, 262, 121–135.

Abstract: Composite I-beam bridges rely on shear connectors to ensure integrated behaviour between the concrete deck and steel girders, maximizing strength and stiffness. The selection of an optimal shear connector is a critical design decision, requiring a robust comparison of performance attributes under both static and fatigue loading specific to bridge applications. Based on the findings, headed studs remain a cost-effective and ductile solution for standard composite I-beam bridge decks. However, channel or perfobond rib connectors are preferable in high-load regions or.....

[1]. Farid Boursas, Rafik Boufarh, Abderrahmani Sifeddine Experimental Investigation On The Shear Resistance Of I-Shaped Perforated Connectors In Composite Beams© 2024 The Authors. Published By Elsevier Ltd. This Is An Open Access Article Under The Cc By-Nc-Nd License
[2]. Yifan Zhou Brian Uy Jia Wang, Dongxu Li And Xinpei Liu Behaviour And Design Of Stainless Steel Shear Connectors In Composite Beams © 2023 The Authors. Published By Elsevier Ltd. This Is An Open Access Article Under The Cc By-Nc-Nd License
[3]. Mohamed S. Majdub Shahrizan Baharom Ahmed W. Al Zand Azrul A. Mutalib And Emad Hosseinpour Innovation Of Shear Connectors In Slim Floor Beam Construction Copyright © 2022 Mohamed S. Majdub Et Al. This Is An Open Access Article Distributed Under The Creative Commons Attribution License, Which Permits Unrestricted Use, Distribution, And Reproduction In Any Medium, Provided The Original Work Is Properly Cited.
[4]. Chengfeng Xue , Zhou Fan Fangwen Wu , Laijun Liu , Lanqing He And Xuan Cui Research On The Shear Behaviour Of Composite Shear Connectors © 2022 The Authors. Published By Elsevier Ltd. This Is An Open Access Article Under The Cc By-Nc-Nd License

Abstract: The goal of this study is to specify the criteria of computer- aided design of formwork employed in the generation of precast concrete elements. For this aim, modeling of fresh concrete was performed to solve the problem of the effect of vibration applied on the steel formwork during production and fresh concrete-formwork dynamic interaction. Work was conducted experimentally and theoretically. The experimental part was realized at the production plant of Kambeton Company. The theoretical part was executed using Finite Element Method employed in SAP2000 software. The computational results of displacement histories were compared with the experimental ones.

Keywords: Prefabricated concrete structure, Test measurement, Vibration, Modeling of fresh concrete, fresh concrete- formwork interaction

[1]. Tattersall, G.H. And Baker, P.H., “Effect Of Vibration On The Rheological Properties Of Fresh Concrete”, Magazine Of Concrete Research, 40 (143), 79-89, 1988.
[2]. Larrard, F.D., Hu, C., Sedran, T., Szitkar, J.C., Jolt, M., Claux, F. And Derkx, F., “New Rheometer For Soft-To-Fluid Fresh Concrete”, ACI Materials Journal, 94 (3), 234-243, 1997.
[3]. Alexsandridis, A. And Gardner, N.J., “Mechanical Behaviour Of Fresh Concrete”, Cement And Concrete Research, 11 (3), 323-339, 1981.
[4]. U.S. Department Of Transportation. Poission’s Ratio And Temperature Gradient Adjustments. HIPERPAV Validation Model Summary. Federal Highway Administration Research, Technology, And Development Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center 6300 Georgetown Pike Mclean, Virginia 22101-2296. 1-4, 2003.
[5]. Wenzel, D., “Compaction Of Concrete-Principles, Practice, Special Problems”. Betonwerk Und Fertigteil- Technik, 52 (3), 153-158, 1986

Abstract: Background: With the widespread use of carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) in the aerospace industry, detecting damage or defects has become crucial in preserving the structural integrity of these systems. Materials and Methods: This research aims to explore the effectiveness of thermography non-destructive evaluation (TNDE) in assessing impact damage in structural components of carbon/thermoplastic composites. Several coupons of carbon/thermoplastic composites impact damaged with a range of impact energy were inspected using active flash......

Keywords: Aerospace; TNDE; defect detection; TSR; image processing

[1]. Winfree, W. P., & Zalameda, J. N. (2003, April). Thermographic Determination Of Delamination Depth In Composites. In Thermosense XXV (Vol. 5073, Pp. 363-373). SPIE.
[2]. Vavilov, V. P., & Burleigh, D. D. (2015). Review Of Pulsed Thermal NDT: Physical Principles, Theory And Data Processing. Ndt & E International, 73, 28-52.
[3]. Ibarra-Castanedo, C., Gonzalez, D., Klein, M., Pilla, M., Vallerand, S., & Maldague, X. (2004). Infrared Image Processing And Data Analysis. Infrared Physics & Technology, 46(1-2), 75-83.
[4]. Shepard, S. M., Lhota, J. R., Hou, Y., Ahmed, T., & Wang, D. (2004). Thermographic Characterization Of Composite Materials And Structures. In Proceedings Of The International SAMPE Symposium And Exhibition (Vol. 49, Pp. 1953-1959).
[5]. Ciampa, F., Mahmoodi, P., Pinto, F., & Meo, M. (2018). Recent Advances In Active Infrared Thermography For Non-Destructive Testing Of Aerospace Components. Sensors, 18(2), 609.

Abstract: The importance of dynamic analysis in the solution of structural systems is increasing. Dynamic analysis is mandatory for structures other than low-rise and small-sized buildings. Especially in parallel with the advancement in computer technology, the analysis of large structures with thousands of degrees of freedom can be done in a short time with advanced software programs such as SAP2000. The aim of this study is to determine some dynamic parameters.....

Keywords: Prefabricated box culvert formwork, External vibrators, Vibration, Ritz vectors, Eigenvectors

[1]. Wenzel, D. Compaction Of Concrete-Principles, Practice, Special Problems. Betonwerk + Fertigteil Technic. 1986, 3, 153-158.
[2]. Wilson, E.L., Yuan, M.W., Dickens, J.M. Dynamic Analysis By Direct Superposition Of Ritz Vectors. Earthquake Eng. And Structural Dynamics. 1982, 10, 813-823.
[3]. SAP2000. Integrated Finite Element Analysis And Design Of Structures. Computers And Structures, Inc., Berkeley, California, USA. 1999

Abstract: The importance of dynamic analysis in the solution of structural systems is increasing. Dynamic analysis is mandatory for structures other than low-rise and small-sized buildings. Especially in parallel with the advancement in computer technology, the analysis of large structures with thousands of degrees of freedom can be done in a short time with advanced software programs such as SAP2000. This study aims to identify key dynamic parameters of the structural element under consideration. Parameters such as free vibration frequencies and mass participation......

Keywords: Prefabricated column formwork, External vibrator, Vibration, Ritz vector, Eigenvector

[1]. Wenzel, D. Compaction Of Concrete-Principles, Practice, Special Problems. Betonwerk + Fertigteil Technic. 1986, 3, 153-158.
[2]. Wilson, E.L., Yuan, M.W., Dickens, J.M. Dynamic Analysis By Direct Superposition Of Ritz Vectors. Earthquake Eng. And Structural Dynamics. 1982, 10, 813-823.
[3]. SAP2000. Integrated Finite Element Analysis And Design Of Structures. Computers And Structures, Inc., Berkeley, California, USA. 1999

Abstract: Steel plate-encased reinforced concrete (SPC) columns are increasingly employed in high-rise and seismic- resistant structures due to their superior load-bearing capacity, ductility, and fire resistance. However, defects such as weld discontinuities, cracks, and voids in the steel plates can signifi- cantly compromise structural reliability if undetected. This study integrates Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) methods with Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations.....

Keywords: Steel plate-encased columns, Non-Destructive Testing (NDT), Finite Element Method (FEM), Structural re- liability, Defect tolerance, Weld discontinuities

[1] Yang, F., Ligui, Y., Yuyin, W., Et Al. (2025). Experimental Study On Square RC Short Columns Strengthened With Corrugated Steel Jacket Under Axial Compression. Arxiv Preprint, Arxiv:2502.11529.
[2] Wu, J., Jiang, Y., Zhou, J., Hu, L., Wang, J., & Ding, W. (2025). Dynamic Properties Of Steel-Wrapped RC Column–Beam Joints Under Cyclic Load- Ing. Buildings, 15(15), 2657. Https://Doi.Org/10.3390/Buildings15152657
[3] Wu, J., Jiang, Y., Zhou, J., Hu, L., Wang, J., & Ding, W. (2025). Experimental Research On The Seismic Behavior Of Reinforced Concrete Column–Beam Joints Connected By Π-Shaped Steel Plates. Buildings, 15(3), 349.
Https://Doi.Org/10.3390/Buildings15030349
[4] Amin, A. K. M. R., Et Al. (2025). Parametric Study Of Concrete Filled Fabricated Steel Box Columns. In Proceedings Of IICASD-24. Atlantis Press. Https://Doi.Org/10.2991/978-94-6463-384-4 12
[5] Zhang, Y., Et Al. (2024). Behavior Of Underwater Concrete Columns Confined By Non-Corroded Steel Jackets. Case Studies In Construction Materials, 22, E01563. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Cscm.2024.E01563

Abstract: Metallic adding manufacturing, otherwise referred to as metal 3d printing, has become an operating paradigm in Manufacturing, which will revolutionize the creation of intricate, advanced parts in hundreds of sectors. It is a research paper that is a descriptive and comprehensive synoptic survey of the modern eternity in metal AM. The paper has begun with historical account of how metal AM has developed throughout the rapid prototyping into a successful....

[1]. Aboulkhair, N. T., Everitt, N. M., Ashcroft, I., & Tuck, C. (2019). Reducing Porosity In Alsi10mg Parts Processed By Selective Laser Melting. Additive Manufacturing, 28, 1-10.
[2]. Debroy, T., Wei, H. L., Zuback, J. S., Mukherjee, T., Elmer, J. W., Milewski, J. O., ... & Zhang, W. (2018). Additive Manufacturing Of Metallic Components–Process, Structure And Properties. Progress In Materials Science, 92, 112-224.
[3]. Froes, F. H., Boyer, R., & Dutta, B. (2019). Introduction To Additive Manufacturing. In Additive Manufacturing Of Titanium Alloys (Pp. 1-13). Elsevier.
[4]. Gokuldoss, P. K., Kolla, S., & Eckert, J. (2017). Additive Manufacturing Of Metallic Materials: A Review. Journal Of Materials Research, 32(11), 1983-2000.
[5]. Gonzalez, J. A., Mireles, J., Moore, C., & Liu, Y. (2019). Metal Binder Jetting: A Review. Journal Of Manufacturing Science And Engineering, 141(9).

Abstract: The use of geosynthetics is common practice in most of the engineering and environmental communities. They are used to build roads, streets, forest paths, canals, railways and dams, to delay coastal erosion or keep waste inside landfill cells. These synthetic materials, which are increasingly used in the rest of the world, allow to adequately complement natural materials (clay, sand, gravel) by providing specific properties that meet the multiple requirements.....

Keywords: Kinshasa, roadway, geosynthetics, geogrids, CBR, bearing capacity, road materials

[1]. Al- Barqawi , M., Aqel , R., Wayne, M., Titi , H., & Elhajjar , R. (2021). Polymer Geogrids : A Review Of Material, Design And Structure Relationships. Materials, 14(16), 4745. Https://Doi.Org/10.3390/Ma14164745
[2]. Aga, S. (2021). Physical Stabilization Of Expansive Subgrade Soil Using Locally Produced Geogrid Material. Sn Applied Sciences, 3(5). Https://Doi.Org/10.1007/S42452-021-04560-1
[3]. Dulaimi , A., Banyhussan , Q., Abdulrazzaq , J., Mydin , M., Al- Bdairi , A., & Almuhanna , R. (2024). Effect Of Water Content And Degree Of Compaction Of Clay Subgrade Soil On The Interface Shear Strength Using Geogrid . Journal Of Advanced Research In Applied Sciences And Engineering Technology, 262-280. Https://Doi.Org/10.37934/Araset.52.2.262280
[4]. Leonardi , G., Bosco, D., Palamara , R., & Suraci , F. (2020). Finite Element Analysis Of Geogrid -Stabilized Unpaved Roads. Sustainability, 12(5), 1929. Https://Doi.Org/10.3390/Su12051929
[5]. MUTELA AKULAY Benjamin “Dimensioning Of Unpaved Roads Reinforced With Geosynthetics ”, Final Year Thesis, University Of Kinshasa, Polytechnic Faculty, 2016;

Abstract: The Kruidhaars Well Field is located between Sleen and Oosterhesselen villages, in the south-eastern part of Drenthe province in the Netherlands. The well field comprises one of the thirteen for groundwater abstraction sites of the water supply company N.V.Waterleidingmaatschappij Drenthe '(WMD).
The Kruidhaars well field was put into operation in September 1987 and operated below the licenced annual abstraction rate of 2 Mm3. Maximum annual abstraction rates in the order of 1.6 Mm3 were reached in 1990. The abstractions are taken from the mainly unconfined coarse sandy Pleistocene aquifer with well screen settings in the range from 40 to 85 m below land surface. To assess the effects of the Kruidhaars pumping station, a pumping test....

Key Words: Groundwater, Abstraction, Impact, Assessment, Kruidhaars, Well Field, Time series

[1]. Anderson O.D. (1979), Time Series Analysis And Forecasting. The Box-Jenkins Approach, Butterworths, London.
[2]. Bloomfield P. (1976), Fourier Analysis Of Time Series: An Introduction, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
[3]. Bowes, B., Sadler, J., Morsy, M., Behl, M., & Goodall, J. (2019). Forecasting Groundwater Table In A Flood Prone Coastal City With Long Short-Term Memory And Recurrent Neural Networks. Water, 11(5), 1098. Https://Doi.Org/10.3390/W11051098
[4]. Box G.E.P. And Jenkins G.M. (1976), Time Series Analysis, Forecasting And Control ,Halden-Day, San Francisco, California.
[5]. Brakkee, E., Huijgevoort, M., & Bartholomeus, R. (2022). Improved Understanding Of Regional Groundwater Drought Development Through Time Series Modelling: The 2018–2019 Drought In The Netherlands. Hydrology And Earth System Sciences, 26(3), 551-569. Https://Doi.Org/10.5194/Hess-26-551-2022