iosr-JMCE   Volume-22 ~ Issue-5 ~ Sep. – Oct. 2025

Abstract: Sustainability of food waste and construction materials is two of the most burning environmental issues of the twenty-first century. Food waste is produced worldwide and in 2019, about 1.3 billion tons of food wastes were produced in a span of one year, which is a third of the entire food produced to be consumed by humans (FAO, 2021). Improper disposal of this waste not only causes significant losses to the economy but also to the emission of green house gases (GHG). When food waste is deposited in landfills, it decomposes anaerobically and emits methane, gas that has global warming potential that is many times higher than that of carbon dioxide. Equally important in tandem to this challenge is the cement industry.

[1]. Adesanya, D. A., & Raheem, A. A. (2009). Development Of Corn Cob Ash Blended Cement. Construction And Building Materials, 23(1), 347–352.
[2]. Arora, A., & Rani, N. (2019). Utilization Of Rice Husk Ash In Sustainable Construction. Journal Of Cleaner Production, 238, 117851.
[3]. Assi, L. N., Carter, K., Deaver, E., Ziehl, P., & Anay, R. (2018). Sustainable Concrete With High Volume Rice Husk Ash As Cement Replacement. Construction And Building Materials, 175, 198–207.
[4]. Bhanumathidas, N., & Kalidas, N. (2002). Rice Husk Ash As Supplementary Cementitious Material. Chennai: Building Materials Technology Promotion Council.
[5]. Chen, C., Habert, G., Bouzidi, Y., & Jullien, A. (2010). Environmental Impact Of Cement Production: Detail Of The Different Processes And Cement Plant Variability Evaluation. Journal Of Cleaner Production, 18(5), 478–485.

Abstract: Since the 21st century, technologies such as 5G and the Internet of Things (IoT) have driven the evolution of robot technology toward "high precision, high flexibility, and low cost". Mobile robots are widely applied in fields like logistics, aerospace, and industry. Although hydraulic robotic arms are suitable for heavy-duty operations due to their high power-to-weight ratio, most existing products feature complex structures, high costs, and large sizes, making them difficult to use in teaching and small-scale industrial scenarios.......

Key Word: Hydraulics, Robotic Arm, Screw Mechanism, ESP32.

[1]. Herold N S. Hydraulics And Pneumatics: Principles And Applications[M]. Pearson Education, 2012.
[2]. Tong Shibai, Hua Chengying. Fundamentals Of Analog Electronic Technology[M]. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2006(04).
[3]. Sun Zengqi (Ed.). Computer Control Theory And Applications[M]. Tsinghua University Press, 1989.

Abstract: This paper investigated the influence of waste materials processed and calcined to activate the cementitious materials for concrete performance. It considered metakaolin (MK) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS), as ternary cemetitious materials to partially replace limestone Portland cement (LPcem) in concrete production. The study characterized the cementitious materials, optimally use ternary blended cement to evaluate the mechanical strength of concrete at 7, 14, 28, 60 and 120 days, applied heat at elevated temperature of 1500C for 6 hours duration to determine the percentage weight, length change and microstructural analysis of the concrete samples for 28 and 60 days........

Key Word: Ternary blended cement, mechanical strength, characterization, elevated temperature, and microstructure.

[1]. Abed, F., Turkey, S., Bt Beddu, S., Najah Ahmed, A., & Al-Hubboubi, S. (2021). A Review Behaviour Of Geo-Polymer Concrete To High Temperature. Materials Today: Proceedings
[2]. Amran, M., Huang, S.-S., Onaizi, A. M., Murali, G., & Abdelgader, H. S. (2022). Fire Spalling Behavior Of High-Strength Concrete: A Critical Review. Construction And Buildingmaterials,341, 127902.
[3]. American Society For Testing Of Materials ASTM C618 (2019). Standard Specification For Coal Fly Ash And Raw Calcined Natural Pozzolan For Use In Concrete: In ASTM International, West Conshohochen, PA.
[4]. American Society For Testing Of Materials ASTM C494/C494 (2013). Standard Specification For Chemical Admixtures For Concrete. ASTM International, West Conshohochen, PA.
[5]. American Society For Testing Of Materials ASTM C1723 (2010). Guide For Examination Of Harden Concrete. West Conshohocken: International.

Abstract: The structural integrity of bridges is critical to ensuring public safety, economic stability, and uninterrupted transportation networks. Traditional risk assessment approaches, such as visual inspections, load testing, and Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA), have historically provided the foundation for maintenance decision-making. However, these methods often face limitations in dynamic operating environments due to subjectivity, static scoring frameworks, and insufficient integration of real-time monitoring data. This study proposes an Enhanced FMEA framework that integrates Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) data—collected through advanced sensing technologies........

Key Word: bridge engineering, risk assessment, FMEA, structural health monitoring, data analytics, predictive maintenance

[1]. Applied Sciences. (2021). Special Issue On Structural Health Monitoring. Https://Www.Mdpi.Com/Journal/Applsci
[2]. ASCE Proceedings. (2021). Proceedings Of The American Society Of Civil Engineers Conference On Bridge Engineering. American Society Of Civil Engineers.
[3]. Bai, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2020). Bridge Structural Health Monitoring: A Review. Journal Of Civil Structural Health Monitoring, 10(5), 1001–1020.
[4]. Cai, H., Wang, Y., & Zhang, L. (2023). Iot-Based Bridge Monitoring Systems: Current Developments And Future Trends. Sensors, 23(14), 6201.
[5]. Chen, X., & Huang, Q. (2023). Machine Learning In Structural Health Monitoring: Opportunities And Challenges. Engineering Structures, 280, 115045.

Abstract: Background: Resistance spot welding is a type of the electric resistance welding, through a process in which contacted metal surfaces are joined by the heat obtained from the Joule heating effect. If there are some defects in the material, such as cracks, the current density will be disturbed by the presence of the crack, and an
unexpected temperature rise will be caused by the disturbed current density. This unexpected temperature distribution may cause some troubles in the welding process.,
Materials and Methods: The temperature........

Key Word:Resistance spot welding; Disturbed current density; Joule heating effect; Temperature rise; Fourier transform; Singular integral equation

[1]. Liu, T. J-C., Electro-Thermo-Structural Coupled-Field Simulation Of Electric Connector With Edge Crack. Proceedings Of The 6th Asian Conference On Mechanics Of Functional Materials And Structures (ACMFMS2018), 2018, Pp.7-10.
[2]. Sneddon, I. N. And Lowengrub, M., Crack Problems In The Classical Theory Of Elasticity, 1969, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York
[3]. Erdogan, F., Gupta, G.D. And Cook, T.S., Methods Of Analysis And Solution Of Crack Problems 1972, G. C. Sih (Ed), Noordhoff,
Leyden.

Abstract: Site experiences have displayed that, the enough compression of the fresh concrete in the mold of precast concrete units depends on the tip and position of the vibrators employed for vibration. The main aim of this study is computer aided determination of the location of vibration points on the forms for the best compaction. For this goal, field experiment of mold of prefabricate concrete member has been carried out under vibration with utilizing of a dynamic strain meter. Time-dependent transverse deflection measurements were acquired at some measuring points on face of the mold of this member, for both empty and full mold conditions. Numerical analyses were carried out........

Key Word:Prefabricated concrete element; Test measurement; External vibrator; Time-history analysis; Ritz vector analysis; Eigen vector analysis

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