IOSR-JHSS   Volume-31 ~ Issue-9 ~ Sep. 2026

Abstract: In most patriarchal communities in Igboland particularly Orodo, the act of widowhood is not just about death or burial, rather it is the start of a very serious tough moment for the widow. This is due to the patriarchal formations in the communities and how she will be subjected to series of inhuman treatments. This research explores the ordeals and challenges of widows in Orodo, a prominent community in Imo State, Southeast Nigeria. According to the findings, widowhood practices in Orodo goes beyond mourning and other ritual performances, widows are expected to abide to strict customs and traditions that sometimes influences their style and color of dressings, public appearance and general behaviour. The study discovered a more nuanced reality: Women (umuada) sometimes are at the forefront of enforcing these norms which shows how deeply rooted these cultural expectations are within the general community.

Keywords: Widowhood practices, Gendered power, Patriarchal structures, Igbo society, women’s agency

[1]. Afigbo, Adiele. Widowhood Rituals and Practices in Igbo land. Fourth Dimensions, 1989.
[2]. Anyanwu, John. Rural Poverty in Nigeria: Profile, Determinants and Exit Paths. African Development Review vol. 17, no. 13, pp. 435-460.
[3]. Meek, C.K. Land Laws and Customs in the Colonies. Oxford UP, 1946.
[4]. Odimegwu, C., and Okengbo G. Gender, Role, Ideologies and Prevalence of Violence Against Women. Afam Reproduction Publishers, 2003.
[5]. Okorie, M.A. African Widowhood Practices: The Igbo Mourning Experiences. African Journal of Evangelical Theology, vol. 14, no. 2, 1995, pp. 79-84.

Abstract: The genealogical approach, pioneered by W.H.R. Rivers in 1910 to extract kinship terminology and social organization in societies lacking written documentation, is typically regarded in the methodological canon of the discipline as a relic of structural-functionalist kinship research, now overshadowed by survey tools and life-history interviews. This study contends, based on field research conducted in five villages of Durgi Mandal, Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh, that the genealogical approach possesses unique comparative benefits for examining intergenerational social transformation — benefits that are not mirrored by cross-sectional survey data or standalone life-history interviews......

Keywords: genealogical method, kinship, research methodology, social change, ethnography, intergenerational analysis, W.H.R. Rivers

[1]. Barnard, A., & Good, A. (1984). Research Practices in the Study of Kinship. Academic Press.
[2]. Bernard, H. R. (2017). Research Methods in Anthropology: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches (6th ed.). Rowman & Littlefield.
[3]. Ghatam, B. L. (2018). Factors Inhibiting and Promoting Change in Welfare and Empowerment Programmes among Rural Women: A Study of Durgi Mandal in Guntur District, AP [Unpublished PhD thesis]. Department of Anthropology, Andhra University.
[4]. Pelto, P. J., & Pelto, G. H. (1978). Anthropological Research: The Structure of Inquiry (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press.

Abstract: This study examined self-esteem and safe sex behaviours among adolescents in federal government secondary schools. Two purposes, research questions and two corresponding null hypotheses were formulated for the study. Correlational survey research design was adopted for the study. The population of the study comprised 5345 students in Federal Government senior secondary schools (SSS 2) in the South East zone. The sample population of the study was three hundred and seventy-two (372) students using stratified random sampling technique. The instruments for data collection were adapted (Index of Self Esteem (ISE) by Walter Hudson 1982 and (Safe Sex Behaviour Questionnaire (SSBQ) developed.......

[1]. Aderibigbe, O. M. (2022). Risky sexual behaviors and associated factors among Nigerian adolescents: A cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, 22 (1), 1–12.
[2]. Azuogu, V. C., (2021). Age at sexual debut and predictors of premarital sex among Nigerian adolescents. African Journal of Reproductive Health, 25 (3), 89–101.
[3]. Bankole, A. (2023). Trends in adolescent sexual behavior and contraceptive use in Nigeria: Evidence from national surveys. PLOS ONE, 18 (2), 42-59
[4]. Beyens, I., (2023). Social media and self-esteem: A systematic review and meta-analysis. New Media & Society, 25(1), 68-91.
[5]. Bleakley, A., (2022). How sources of sexual information relate to adolescents’ beliefs about sex. American Journal of Health Behavior, 46 (4), 437–450.

Abstract: This study investigates the perceptions of BAC 3 students at ISP Bunia regarding the practice of analyzing fiction through essay writing. focusing on their analytical methodologies and the pedagogical frameworks that shape their literary interpretations. By integrating theoretical perspectives and practical examples, the study draws on qualitative data from student reflections and existing literature, the research examines the perceived benefits and challenges of this pedagogical approach. Based on a classroom survey in which 11 students expressed a liking for the practice.......

[1]. Adichie, C. N. (2006). Half of a Yellow Sun. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
[2]. Beach, R., Appleman, D., Fecho, B., & Simon, R. (2016). Teaching Literature to Adolescents (3rd ed.) New York: Routledge.
[3]. Cwinya’ay, U. (2018). Enhancing Reading Comprehension Through Text Structure Background Knowledge in Bunia Secondary Schools, Ituri D R Congo. Kampala International University, College of Education, Open, Distance and E-Learning.
[4]. Goodman, N. (1978). The Structure of Literature. Harvard: Harvard University Press.
[5]. Lazar, G. (1993). Literature and Language Teaching: A Guide for Teachers and Trainers. Cambridge University Press.

Abstract: Among the Konyak Naga, tattooing was deeply embedded in cultural identity, with the body acting as a canvas to represent social hierarchy, achievements and group affiliation. Tattooing was closely tied to the tradition of headhunting and served as a powerful symbol of bravery, status and social recognition. The paper focuses on the tattoo culture of the Konyak tribe of the Chenwetnyu village, who belongs to the shen-tu or the face-tattoo group. It also underscores the transformation and declines of these practices in the post-headhunting era, emphasizing the need to document and preserve this unique cultural heritage in the face of modernization and changing social norms.

Keywords: Tattoo, Indigenous, Konyak, Headhunting, Modernization etc

[1]. Aziz, M. R. L., & Ekawardhani, Y. A. (2024). West Kalimantan Dayak tattoo as a cultural identity in Indonesia. Proceedings of the International Conference on Business, Economics, Social Sciences, and Humanities, 7, 925–934.
[2]. Bhattacharya, S. (2026, January 13). Konyak tattoos: Maps of memory. People’s Archive of Rural India. https://ruralindiaonline.org
[3]. Bharadwaj, S., & Boruah, U. (2020). Inking the identity: A study of the Apatani tradition of tattooing through Bakhtinian chronotope. Rupkatha Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities, 12(5), 1–6.
[4]. Cabalquinto, A., Dizon, C., Ramirez, C., & Santiago, M. (2022). Batok: The exploration of indigenous Filipino tattooing as a collective occupation (Graduate capstone project No. 35). Occupational Therapy Program.
[5]. Chowdhury, D. P. (2020). The Nagas: Social and cultural identity, Texts and contexts. Heritage Publishers.

Abstract: This article examines the historical and cultural significance of Gujarat’s tribal communities through their literary and oral traditions. It explores the historical presence of tribes such as the Bhils, Dungri Bhils, Panchmahali Bhils, and Rathwas, with particular attention to their languages, folk narratives, songs, rituals, festivals, and Pithora paintings. The study highlights oral literature as an important historical source for understanding.......

Keywords: Gujarati Tribes, Tribal History of Gujarat, Tribal Literature, Oral Tradition, Oral History, Adivasi Literature, Bhil Community, Tribal Languages, Folk Literature, Folk Songs and Folk Tales, Cultural Heritage, Tribal Identity, Pithora Painting

[1]. Mukerjee Satya V., Census of India, 1931, Vol. XIX, Baroda Part I, The Times of India Press, Bombay, 1932
[2]. Sankalia, H.D., Pre-History and Proto History in India and Pakistan, Bombay University, Bombay, 1962
[3]. Dr. Patel G.D., Gazetteer of India, Gujarat State, Panchmahal District, Ahmedabad, 1972
[4]. Majumundar D N., The Bhil of Gujarat, Journal of Gujarat Research Society 1942
[5]. Choksi Nishaant (Edit.), Tribal literature of Gujarat, Central Institute of Indian Languages, Mysore & Bhasha Research and Publication Centre, Vadodara, 2009

Abstract: SUMMARY In the Bamako district, the management of domestic wastewater remains largely dominated by informal and poorly regulated practices. These effluents are frequently discharged without prior treatment into public spaces (streets, gutters) as well as into private compounds, contributing to the deterioration of living conditions and exposing populations......

Keywords: Domestic wastewater; Urban sanitation; Informal practices; Health risks; Bamako

[1]. Cochran, William G.1977: Techniques d’échantillonnage, 3è édition, 448 pages New York, John Wiley & Fils.
[2]. COULIBALY, M., (2020) : Gestion des eaux usées domestiques dans les quartiers centraux de Bamako. Mémoire de Master, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako.
[3]. DAGNO B; CISSE M; SANOGO T, KANTE M K (2025) : Problématiquede gestion des eaux usées domestiques dans les rues de la commune IV du district de Bamako, Revue Internationale DAMBE_ ISSN : 1987-1805_Numéro Spécial.- 99 ;
[4]. DIALLO, M., TRAORE, H., &SANGARE, B. (2017) : Pratiques d’évacuation des eaux usées domestiques dans les communes I et V du district de Bamako. Rapport de recherche,
[5]. DNACPN, (2017) : Rapport sur l’état de l’assainissement au Mali.

Abstract: Research on rural welfare program participation in India generally categorises the beneficiary demographic as either adhering to or deviating from the intended plan structure, regarding atypical utilisation as leakage, corruption, or cultural hindrance. This manuscript presents a different interpretation, utilising the anthropology of quotidian statecraft and grassroots governance, based on field data from five villages in Durgi Mandal, Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh. Instead of perceiving deviations from the scheme's design as failures, the paper illustrates a recurring.......

Keywords: governmentality, everyday state, welfare schemes, rural India, self-help groups, vernacular agency, development anthropology

[1]. Corbridge, S., Williams, G., Srivastava, M., & Véron, R. (2005). Seeing the State: Governance and Governmentality in India. Cambridge University Press.
[2]. Dube, S. C. (1958). India's Changing Villages: Human Factors in Community Development. Routledge & Kegan Paul.
[3]. Fuller, C. J., & Bénéï, V. (Eds.). (2001). The Everyday State and Society in Modern India. Social Science Press.

Abstract: This study investigates the perceptions of BAC 3 students at ISP Bunia regarding the practice of analyzing fiction through essay writing. focusing on their analytical methodologies and the pedagogical frameworks that shape their literary interpretations. By integrating theoretical perspectives and practical examples, the study draws on qualitative data from student reflections and existing literature, the research examines the perceived benefits and challenges of this pedagogical approach. Based on a classroom survey in which 11 students expressed a liking for the practice.......

[1]. Antony, A., Parida, S. P., Behera, P., Padhy, S. K., & Bhatia, V. (2024). Quality of life of older adults in rural eastern India and its influencing factors. Cureus, 16(2), e55246. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.55246
[2]. Ashtekar,Shyam V ,Manasi Shekhar Padyegurjar ,Jagadish D Power , Shekhar Bhikaji Padhyegurjar (2020). Mid-Upper Arm- Circumference as a growth parameter and its correlation with Body Mass Index and Height in Ashram School Students in Nashik District of Maharastra, India, Indian Journal of Community Medicine , Vol.45(4) Oct.-Dec. 2020,419-424
[3]. Bagavandas, M. (2021). Development of multifactor index for assessing quality of life of a tribal population of India: Multilevel analysis approach. BMC Public Health, 21, 383. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-10338-2
[4]. Black, R. E., Allen, L. H., Bhutta, Z. A., et al. (2008). Maternal and child undernutrition: Global and regional exposures and health consequences. The Lancet, 371(9608), 243–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61690-0
[5]. Black, R. E., Victora, C. G., Walker, S. P., et al. (2013). Maternal and child undernutrition and overweight in low-income and middle-income countries. The Lancet, 382(9890), 427–451. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60937-X

Abstract: This article examines how the cosmogenetic model of the Daodejing is structured in three annotated Vietnamese translations by Nguyễn Hiến Lê, Nguyễn Duy Cần, and Ly Minh Tuấn, focusing on Chapters 1, 25, 40, 42, and 51. By distinguishing the Chinese source text, the Vietnamese translation, additions in brackets, and commentary, the study treats ‘Non-being – Being – One – the ten thousand things’ as an analytical axis rather than a linear cosmogonic formula already complete in the source. The main translations of Chapter 42 are nearly identical....

Keywords: Daodejing; cosmogenesis; Non-being and Being; Dao generates One; annotated translation; Vietnamese

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[2]. Gao Ming. (1996). Boshu Laozi jiaozhu [Collation and commentary on the silk-text Laozi]. Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju.
[3]. Jingmen Shi Bowuguan. (1998). Guodian Chumu Zhujian [Chu bamboo slips from the Guodian tomb]. Beijing: Cultural Relics Press
[4]. Lefevere, A. (1992). Translation, rewriting, and the manipulation of literary fame. London and New York: Routledge.
[5]. Liu Xiaogan. (2006). Laozi Gujin: Wuzhong Duikan yu Xiping Yinlun [Laozi ancient and modern: Comparative collation of five versions and analytical introduction]. Beijing: China Social Sciences Press