iosr-JDMS   Volume-25 ~ Issue-9 ~ Sep. 2026

Abstract: Pierre Robin sequence (PRS) is a congenital craniofacial condition characterized by mandibular micrognathia, glossoptosis, and upper airway obstruction, and is commonly associated with cleft palate. Feeding difficulties are frequently encountered in these infants and can lead to inadequate nutritional intake and an increased risk of aspiration. This case report presents the conservative feeding management of a 19-day-old preterm female infant weighing 1.6 kg, diagnosed with Pierre Robin sequence and referred with severe feeding difficulty and nasal regurgitation. Clinical examination revealed a retrognathic mandible, reduced lower facial height, a wide U-shaped cleft palate....

Keywords: Pierre Robin sequence, micrognathia, glossoptosis, cleft palate, feeding difficulty, feeding obturator, pediatric dentistry.

[1]. Robin P. Glossoptosis due to atresia and hypotrophy of the mandible. Am J Dis Child. 1934;48(3):541-547.
[2]. Breugem CC, Evans KN, Poets CF, Suri S, Picard A, Filip C, et al. Best practices for the diagnosis and evaluation of infants with Robin sequence: A clinical consensus report. JAMA Pediatr. 2016;170(9):894-902.
[3]. Jakobsen LP, Ullmann R, Christensen SB, Jensen KE, Mølsted K, Henriksen KF, et al. Pierre Robin sequence may be caused by dysregulation of SOX9 and KCNJ2. J Med Genet. 2007;44(6):381-386.
[4]. Van Lieshout MJS, Joosten KFM, Mathijssen IMJ, Koudstaal MJ, Hoeve HLJ, van der Schroeff MP, et al. Robin sequence: A review of diagnosis and treatment challenges. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2015;79(4):451-464.
[5]. Rangeeth BN, Moses J, Reddy NV. Pierre Robin sequence and the pediatric dentist. Contemp Clin Dent. 2011;2(3):222-225.
[6]. Gangopadhyay N, Mendonca DA, Woo AS. Pierre Robin sequence. Semin Plast Surg. 2012;26(2):76-82

Abstract: Background: Antipsychotic medications are indispensable in the treatment of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and psychotic depression, but their prolonged use is associated with clinically significant metabolic complications that increase cardiovascular morbidity and reduce life expectancy.1,2 Aim: To determine the prevalence of key metabolic derangements .....

Key word: antipsychotics; metabolic syndrome; weight gain; dyslipidaemia; HbA1c; polypharmacy; schizophrenia; cardiovascular risk.

[1]. Ventriglio A, Gentile A, Stella E, Bellomo A. Metabolic issues in patients affected by schizophrenia: clinical characteristics and medical management. Front Neurosci. 2015;9:297. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2015.00297
[2]. Chang SC, Goh KK, Lu ML. Metabolic disturbances associated with antipsychotic drug treatment in patients with schizophrenia: state-of-the-art and future perspectives. World J Psychiatry. 2021;11(10):696-710. https://doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v11.i10.696
[3]. Burschinski A, Schneider-Thoma J, Chiocchia V, et al. Metabolic side effects in persons with schizophrenia during mid- to long-term treatment with antipsychotics: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. World Psychiatry. 2023;22(1):116-128. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.21036

Abstract: Background:- Screen time is the amount of time spent using digital devices such as televisions, computers, and mobile phones. Excessive screen exposure in children is associated with adverse psychological, physical, and social effects, including unhealthy dietary habits, reduced physical activity, and increased risk of dental caries. However, the relationship between screen time, diet, and oral health is still not fully understood. Aim: This study...

Keywords: CAMBRA, Dental caries, Risk assessment, Flouride therapy, High risk, Moderate risk, Low risk

[1]. Nagata JM, Abdel Magid HS, Pettee Gabriel K. Screen time for children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2020;28(9):1582-1583.
[2]. World Health Organization. Guidelines on physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep for children under 5 years of age. Geneva: WHO; 2019.
[3]. Burns RD, Almes H, Fu Y. Associations of activity, sedentary and sleep behaviors with oral health indicators in children and adolescents: A cross-sectional analysis. BMC Oral Health. 2022;22:530.
[4]. Hale L, Guan S. Screen time and sleep among school-aged children and adolescents: A systematic literature review. Sleep Medicine Reviews. 2015;21:50-58.
[5]. Boyland EJ, Whalen R. Food advertising to children and its effects on diet: Review of recent prevalence and impact data. Pediatric Diabetes. 2015;16(5):331-337.

Abstract: Expressed emotion (EE) describes the criticism, hostility, and emotional over-involvement that relatives direct toward a family member living with a psychiatric disorder. In schizophrenia, it remains one of the sturdiest psychosocial markers of relapse. This review draws together the origins of the construct, the instruments used to measure it, the evidence linking high EE to poorer illness course, and the cross-cultural findings that place Indian families in this....

Keywords: schizophrenia; expressed emotion; caregiver; relapse; family psychoeducation; India.

[1]. Owen MJ, Sawa A, Mortensen PB. Schizophrenia. Lancet. 2016;388(10039):86–97.
[2]. Charlson FJ, Ferrari AJ, Santomauro DF, Diminic S, Stockings E, Scott JG, McGrath JJ, Whiteford HA. Global epidemiology and burden of schizophrenia: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Schizophr Bull. 2018;44(6):1195–1203.
[3]. Saha S, Chant D, Welham J, McGrath J. A systematic review of the prevalence of schizophrenia. PLoS Med. 2005;2(5):e141.
[4]. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 5th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2013.

Abstract: Introduction: Cervical insufficiency affects approximately 1% of pregnancies and is responsible for up to 15% of recurrent second-trimester losses. Cervical cerclage has become the standard therapeutic intervention, but the optimal suture material remains debated. This study compared the clinical outcomes of monofilament prolene versus braided silk sutures in cervical cerclage procedures. Methods: This prospective randomized controlled study included 30 women with cervical insufficiency requiring cerclage between......

Key Word: Cervical cerclage, cervical insufficiency, prolene suture, silk suture, preterm birth, pregnancy outcomes

[1]. Blencowe H, Cousens S, Chou D, et al. Born too soon: the global epidemiology of 15 million preterm births. Reprod Health. 2013;10(Suppl 1):S2.
[2]. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 142: Cerclage for the management of cervical insufficiency. Obstet Gynecol. 2014;123(2):372-9.
[3]. Brown R, Gagnon R, Delisle MF. Cervical insufficiency and cervical cerclage. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2013;35(12):1115-27.
[4]. Berghella V, Rafael TJ, Szychowski JM, et al. Cerclage for short cervix on ultrasonography in women with singleton gestations and previous preterm birth. Obstet Gynecol. 2011;117(3):663-71.
[5]. Alfirevic Z, Stampalija T, Medley N. Cervical stitch (cerclage) for preventing preterm birth in singleton pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;6(6):CD008991

Abstract: Background: Local drug delivery systems have emerged as valuable adjuncts to non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) by enabling the targeted delivery of therapeutic agents directly into periodontal pockets. Presently, different local drug formulations such as fibers, gels, strips, films, irrigation systems, and microparticles are available. Fibres, being a reservoir-based device inserted circumferentially into the periodontal pocket are considered to ensure excellent retention and controlled and sustained drug release.
Aim: This study......

Key Word: Insulin-like growth factor, Periodontitis, Local drug delivery, Non-surgical periodontal therapy

[1]. Bawankar PV, Kolte AP, Warkad SH. Evaluation of locally delivered Vitamin D3 gel in non-surgical periodontal therapy– A randomized controlled trial. Dent Res J 2026; 23:12.
[2]. Rajeshwari HR, Dhamecha D, Jagwani S, Rao M, Jadhav K, Shaikh S, et al. Local drug delivery systems in the management of periodontitis: A scientific review. J Control Release 2019; 307:393‑409.
[3]. Addy M, Martin MV. Systemic antimicrobials in the treatment of chronic periodontal diseases: A dilemma. Oral Dis 2003;9 Suppl 1:38‑44.
[4]. Bonito, A.J, Lux, L. & Lohr, K.N. Impact of local adjuncts to scaling and root planning in periodontal disease therapy: a systematic review. J Periodontol 2005; 76:1227-36.
[5]. Daughaday WH, Rotwein P. Insulin-like growth factors I and II: peptide, messenger ribonucleic acid and gene structures, serum, and tissue concentrations. Endocr Rev 1989; 10:68-91.

Abstract: Résumé : La tuberculose pulmonaire est un problème majeur de santé publique. Dans sa forme commune, le diagnostic est habituellement aisé, mais elle peut se présenter sous une forme trompeuse et entrainer un retard diagnostique et thérapeutique. Nous rapportons le cas d’un patient âgé de 58 ans, ayant des habitudes toxiques, traité pour tuberculose pulmonaire il y a 2 ans et déclaré guéri, qui s’est présenté pour une douleur thoracique, une dyspnée

[1]. Onuigbo WI. Some nineteenth century ideas on links between tuberculosis and cancerous diseases of the lung. Br J Dis Chest 1975;69:207-10.
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Abstract: Background: Desquamative gingivitis is a clinical manifestation commonly associated with mucocutaneous disorders such as oral lichen planus and oral mucous membrane pemphigoid. This case series describes three female patients presenting with desquamative gingivitis.
Case Series: Two cases were diagnosed as oral mucous membrane pemphigoid, while one case was diagnosed as oral lichen planus based on clinical presentation and histopathological examination. Histopathological evaluation played......

Key Word:Desquamative gingivitis, Oral lichen planus, Oral mucous membrane pemphigoid, corticosteroid
therapy

[1]. Aguirre A, Neiders M, Nisengard R. Clinical Periodontology. Ed .By Newman, Takei. 2002;314–5.
[2]. Vijayakar HN, Shah PP, Desai AB, Ghonasgi SR, Gawankar RJ. Chronic desquamative gingivitis in siblings: A report of two cases. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2014;18(3):385–9. doi:10.4103/0972-124X.134585
[3]. Hasan S. Desquamative gingivitis - A clinical sign in mucous membrane pemphigoid: Report of a case and review of literature. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2014;6(2):122–6. doi:10.4103/0975-7406.129177
[4]. Mathew M, Nayak VS, Ramaiah SK, Sethuraman S. Desquamative gingivitis: a definite indicator for mucocutaneous disorders. BMJ Case Reports CP. 2022;15(1):e247857. doi:10.1136/bcr-2021-247857
[5]. Stoopler ET, Sollecito TP, DeRossi SS. Desquamative gingivitis: early presenting symptom of mucocutaneous disease. Quintessence Int. 2003;34(8):582–6.

Abstract: Background: The aim of this clinical study was to compare the 0.25 mm and 0.35 mm clear aligner activation increments with conventional fixed appliance in the treatment of lower incisors crowding, specifically concerning the rate of tooth movement, treatment duration, and pain levels. Patients and Methods: Twenty-one non-extraction adults (18–40 years) with lower anterior crowding (Little's Irregularity Index (LII) ≤6 mm) were enrolled and randomly allocated to Aligner I (0.25 mm activation increment per aligner, Aligner II (0.35 mm/step), and fixed appliances (0.018" Roth brackets with sequential nickel-titanium-to-stainless steel archwires).......

Key Word: Fixed orthodontic appliances; Clear aligners; Crowding; Pain level; Tooth movement; Little’s Irregularity Index

[1]. Alhamwi AM, Burhan AS, Idris MI, Nawaya FR. Duration of orthodontic treatment with clear aligners versus fixed appliances in crowding cases: a systematic review. Clin Oral Investig. 2024;28(5):249.
[2]. Malik AI, Ullah L, Latif A, Sajid T, Sajjad ST, Khan MAS. Effectiveness of Clear Aligners Versus Fixed Appliances in Correcting Mild to Moderate Crowding. Link Medical Journal. 2025;e56–e56.
[3]. Lam J, Freer E, Miles P. Comparative assessment of treatment efficiency and patient experience between Dental Monitoring and conventional monitoring of clear aligner therapy: A single-center randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. 2023;163(4):456–64.
[4]. Bahamid AA, AlHudaithi FS. Clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction of fixed appliance vs. clear aligner: a systematic review. CAHIERS MAGELLANES-NS. 2024;6(2):5605–19.
[5]. Barone S, Paoli A, Razionale AV, Savignano R. Computational design and engineering of polymeric orthodontic aligners. Int J Numer Method Biomed Eng. 2017;33(8):e2839.

Abstract: Button battery ingestion has become an increasingly important pediatric emergency due to the widespread use of lithium and alkaline button batteries in household electronic devices and children's toys. Although the incidence of battery ingestion per million population has remained relatively stable over the past three decades, data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) showed that the absolute number of emergency department visits related to battery-associated injuries more than doubled between 1990 and 2009. (1)The majority of ingestions occur in children.......

[1]. Leinwand K, Brumbaugh DE, Kramer RE. Button battery ingestion in children: A paradigm for management of severe pediatric foreign body ingestions. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2016;55(3):283-289.
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[3]. Sethia R, Gibbs H, Jacobs IN, Reilly JS, Rhoades K, Jatana KR. Current management of button battery injuries. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol. 2021;6(3):549-563.
[4]. Kramer RE, Lerner DG, Lin T, Manfredi M, Shah M, Stephen TC, et al. Management of ingested foreign bodies in children: A clinical report of the NASPGHAN Endoscopy Committee. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2015;60(4):562-574.
[5]. National Capital Poison Center. Button battery ingestion triage and treatment guideline [Internet]. Washington (DC): National Capital Poison Center; 2018 [cited 2026 Jul 10].

Abstract: Background: Oral habits during early childhood have a significant influence on the normal growth and development of the orofacial structures. Physiological habits, such as sucking and swallowing, are a normal part of early development; however, their persistence beyond the age of three years may have a negative impact on the development of the teeth and jaws. Deleterious oral habits, such as thumb sucking, prolonged pacifier use, mouth breathing, tongue thrusting, and nail biting, represent significant etiological factors in the development of various forms of malocclusion. Early detection of these habits and their timely correction are of particular importance for the prevention of subsequent orthodontic abnormalities........

Key Word: Deleterious oral habits; thumb sucking; pacifier use; mouth breathing; tongue thrusting; nail biting; malocclusion; preschool-aged children.

[1]. Housten WJ. 4th ed. Oregon, USA: The Stonebridge Publishers; 2000. Walther's Orthodontic Notes.
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Abstract: Complete edentulism remains a widespread and disabling condition that compromises mastication, speech, esthetics, and psychosocial well-being. While conventional complete dentures have long been the mainstay oftreatment, their limitations in retention, stability, and masticatory efficiency have driven the adoption of implant- supported fixed prostheses as a predictable alternative. This report describes the full-mouth rehabilitation of a53-year-old male farmer.......

Key Word: All-on-4, All-on-6; complete edentulism; implant-supported fixed prosthesis; full-mouth rehabilitation; multi-unit abutment; Atwood classification; cone-beam computed tomography.

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