iosr-JDMS   Volume-25 ~ Issue-8 ~ Aug. 2026

Abstract: In the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the proliferation of plastic waste poses a major problem for both public health and the environment. Its accumulation in various areas—such as residential plots, streets, and built-up areas, particularly during the rainy season—often leads to blocked drainage channels and stagnant water, creating conditions favorable to the breeding of mosquitoes, the vectors of malaria. In the Congo neighborhood of Gemena, this situation appears.....

Keywords: Community-based management, plastic waste, socio-systemic factors, malaria

[1]. ADEME (2024) : Guide sur les impacts du plastique et la règle des 5R (Refuser, Réduire, Réutiliser, Recycler, Rendre).
[2]. Alicia Tsitsikalis (2024). Gestion des déchets : recyclage des déchets et développement durable.
[3]. Alphonse Muninga, A., et al. (2023). Corrélation entre les caractéristiques sociodémographiques de la population et la gestion des déchets ménagers.
[4]. Amosi Kikwata. (2024). Profil socioéconomique et environnemental de vulnérabilité des ménages au paludisme à Kisangani, RDC.
[5]. Anaclet Nyembo (2019). Stratégie communautaire au lancement d’un nouveau produit.
[6]. Baelongandi, A. (2021). Gestion des déchets ménagers et ses conséquences socioéconomicosanitaires dans la ville de Kisangani en RDC.

Abstract: Cryolipolysis promotes controlled cooling of subcutaneous adipose tissue and triggers cellular responses that contribute to the reduction of the adipose layer. This paper describes a case series of two women with resistant localized adiposity who underwent a multimodal treatment plan centered on cryolipolysis. Preparation included two weekly sessions of ultrasonic hydrolipoclasy and four sessions of neuromuscular electrical stimulation combined, on.......

Key word: cryolipolysis; localized adiposity; low-frequency ultrasound; neuromuscular electrical stimulation; L-arginine.

[1]. ÁVILA, R. R. B.; ÁVILA, L. R. B.; MOLEIRO, D.; RUIZ-SILVA, C. Effectiveness of the combined use of low-frequency electrostimulation with low-frequency ultrasound: a case study. IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences, v. 24, n. 7, ser. 7, p. 61–67, 2025. DOI: 10.9790/0853-2407076167.
[2]. BETTARIGA, F. et al. Exercise training mode effects on myokine expression in healthy adults: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Journal of Sport and Health Science, v. 13, p. 764–779, 2024. DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2024.04.005.
[3]. CUNHA, M. G.; CUNHA, A. L. G.; MACHADO, C. A. Hypodermis and subcutaneous adipose tissue: two different structures. Surgical & Cosmetic Dermatology, v. 6, n. 4, p. 355–359, 2014.
[4]. DREIBATI, B.; LAVET, C.; PINTI, A.; POUMARAT, G. Influence of electrical stimulation frequency on skeletal muscle force and fatigue. Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, v. 53, p. 266–277, 2010. DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2010.03.004.
[5]. JANKOVIC, A. et al. Two key temporally distinguishable molecular and cellular components of white adipose tissue browning during cold acclimation. The Journal of Physiology, v. 593, n. 15, p. 3267–3280, 2015. DOI: 10.1113/JP270805..

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The proximal femur is a critical component of the hip joint, and its morphometric characteristics play an essential role in maintaining joint stability, biomechanics, and weight transmission. Accurate knowledge of the dimensions of the femoral head and neck is fundamental for the diagnosis and management of hip....

Keywords: Human femur; Femoral head; Femoral neck; Morphometry; Neck-shaft angle; Hip arthroplasty; Prosthesis design; Forensic anthropology

[1]. Standring S, Ellis H, Healy J, Johnson D, Williams A, Collins P, Wigley C. Gray's anatomy: the anatomical basis of clinical practice. American journal of neuroradiology. 2005 Nov;26(10):2703.
[2]. Dwivedi AK, Airan N, Bhatnagar R. Estimation of length of femur from its proximal segment in Maharashtrian population. International Journal of Anatomy, Radiology and Surgery. 2019;8(1).
[3]. 3.Vinay G, Naveen Kumar B, Kalpana T. Morphometric study of proximal end of femur in Telangana population. Int J Anat Res. 2020;8(1.1):7247-50.
[4]. Katchy AU, Nto NJ, Agu AU, Ikele IT, Chime SC, Ugwu AU. Proximal femoral geometry analysis of igbos of South East Nigeria and its clinical application in total hip replacement and hip surgeries: A dry bone study. Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice. 2021 Mar 1;24(3):369-79.
[5]. Agarwal J, Sharan A, Pant MK. THE PROXIMAL END OF THE FEMUR: EXPLORING ITS CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE, IMPLICATIONS IN ORTHOPEDICS. Int J Acad Med Pharm. 2023;5(5):1175-8..

Abstract: Background: Patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis frequently present oral alterations involving periodontal tissues, oral mucosa, teeth, and the temporomandibular joint. However, repeated assessments of oral health within the same dialysis service are uncommon, particularly in Latin America.
Objective: To...

Keywords: Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Renal Dialysis; Oral Health; Periodontal Diseases; Mouth Mucosa; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders

[1]. Galeano Cabral AF, Desvars González RM. Manifestaciones orales en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica hemodializados del Hospital Regional de Concepción. Scientia Oralis Salutem. 2023;4(1).
[2]. Silva DF, Oliveira ICR, Medeiros SA, Baeder FM, Albuquerque ACL, Lima EO. Oral health challenges in patients with chronic kidney disease: A comprehensive clinical assessment. Saudi Dent J. 2024;36(2):364-367. doi:10.1016/j.sdentj.2023.11.026.
[3]. Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Lin L, Meng F, Jia M. Factors affecting the oral health of patients on maintenance hemodialysis and recommendations for standardized nursing care: a multicenter study. Quintessence Int. 2024;55(7):580-588. doi:10.3290/j.qi.b5342511.
[4]. Serni L, Caroti L, Barbato L, Nieri M, Serni S, Cirami CL, Cairo F. Association between chronic kidney disease and periodontitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Oral Dis. 2023;29(1):40-50. doi:10.1111/odi.14062.
[5]. He I, Poirier B, Jensen E, Kaur S, Hedges J, Jesudason S, Jamieson L, Sethi S. Demystifying the connection between periodontal disease and chronic kidney disease: an umbrella review. J Periodontal Res. 2023;58(5):874-892. doi:10.1111/jre.1

Abstract: Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping clinical practice, yet undergraduate medical education in the expanded MERCOSUR region lacks a feasible, assessable minimum competency standard. We aimed to characterize documented integration of AI-related and digital-health content in public medical curricula across the expanded MERCOSUR region and identify gaps relevant to future regional standard-setting.
Methods: We conducted...

Keywords: artificial intelligence; medical education; MERCOSUR; curriculum audit; digital health; competency-based education; AI ethics; Latin America; assessment

[1]. Moor M, Banerjee O, Abad ZSH, et al. Foundation models for generalist medical artificial intelligence. Nature. 2023;616:259–265. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-05881-4
[2]. Rajpurkar P, Chen E, Banerjee O, Topol EJ. AI in health and medicine. Nat Med. 2022;28(1):31–38. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01614-0
[3]. Thirunavukarasu AJ, Ting DSJ, Elangovan K, Gutierrez L, Tan TF, Ting DSW. Large language models in medicine. Nat Med. 2023;29(8):1930–1940. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-023-02448-8
[4]. Car J, Ong QC, Erlikh Fox T, et al; Digital Health Systems Collaborative. The digital health competencies in medical education framework: an international consensus statement. JAMA Netw Open. 2025;8(1):e2453131. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.53131
[5]. Charow R, Jeyakumar T, Younus S, et al. Artificial intelligence education programs for health care professionals: scoping review. JMIR Med Educ. 2021;7(4):e31043. https://doi.org/10.2196/31043

Abstract: Background: Acute appendicitis is the most common surgical emergency worldwide and the leading cause of acute abdomen requiring emergency appendicectomy. Despite the introduction of numerous diagnostic modalities over the past three decades, timely diagnosis still depends primarily on careful clinical assessment. The Modified Alvarado Score is widely used for clinical risk stratification, while ultrasonography offers a readily available, non-invasive...

Keywords: Acute appendicitis; Modified Alvarado Score; ultrasonography abdomen

[1]. Bailey H, Love RJM, O'Connell PR. Bailey & Love's Short Practice of Surgery. 28th ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2022.
[2]. Townsend CM Jr, Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL. Sabiston Textbook of Surgery. 21st ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2022.
[3]. Brunicardi FC, Andersen DK, Billiar TR, Dunn DL, Kao LS, Hunter JG. Schwartz's Principles of Surgery. 12th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2022.
[4]. Zinner MJ, Ashley SW. Maingot's Abdominal Operations. 13th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2019.
[5]. Fitz RH. Perforating inflammation of the vermiform appendix. Trans Assoc Am Physicians. 1886;1:107–44.

Abstract: Granulomatous lesions of the head and neck in children remain diagnostically challenging because there are no standardised protocols for their diagnosis. We discuss two paediatric cases managed at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of a tertiary care centre in South India. The first is a 10-year-old boy with a left submandibular swelling of four months' duration arising from an odontogenic focus, where excisional biopsy confirmed granulomatous lymphadenitis. The second is a 7-year-old boy who presented to the Emergency Department with...

Keywords: granulomatous lymphadenitis; paediatric head and neck; diagnostic flow; tuberculous lymphadenitis; osteomyelitis; GeneXpert; oral and maxillofacial surgery; multidisciplinary team; FNAC; immunohistochemistry

[1]. Nayar RC, Kini U. Granulomatous Infections of Head and Neck in Childhood. In: Kountakis SE (eds) Encyclopedia of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg; 2013.
[2]. Ali AS, Abdullah BH. Granulomatous Lesions in the Head and Neck Region: A Clinicopathological, Histochemical, and Molecular Diagnostic Study. Diagnostics. 2025;15(16):2055.
[3]. Roychowdhury D, Chatterjee R, Gayen S, et al. Oral Granulomatous Disorders: A Diagnostic Insight. Cureus. 2024;16(7):e65742. doi:10.7759/cureus.65742
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Abstract: Aims and objectives: To study the outcome of strabismus surgery in adult patients.
Methods: This was a prospective observational study that included subjects with strabismus aged 16 to 41 years. A detailed ocular examination including visual acuity assessment, refraction, strabismus work-up and examination of anterior segment and posterior segment with a dilated fundus examination was done pre-operatively....

Keywords: Strabismus, Stereopsis, Binocular fusion, Orthophoria

[1]. Sharma P. An Overview of Strabismology. 2nd ed. New Delhi. CBS Publishers; 2019.
[2]. Sharma P, Gaur N, Phuljhele S, Saxena R. What's new for us in strabismus?. Indian journal of ophthalmology. 2017 Mar;65(3):184.
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Abstract: Background: Clear aligner therapy (CAT) has become a widely adopted alternative to fixed orthodontic appliances (FAT), yet the comparative evidence on treatment quality, periodontal health, pain, and patient-reported outcomes has expanded substantially in the last two years and remains scattered across primary trials and systematic reviews. Materials and Methods: This narrative review synthesizes literature retrieved from PubMed/MEDLINE, SciELO.....

Keywords: clear aligners; fixed appliances; orthodontics; periodontal health; oral health-related quality of life; treatment effectiveness

[1] Temponi, N. C. G., Alcantara, P. C. C., Chagas, A. M. C., Bastos, P. V. O., Salles, I. G. V., Picoli, A. H., Oliveira, C. S. A., & Soares, S. S. C. (2026). Clear Aligner Orthodontic Therapy: A Comprehensive Narrative Review of Materials, Clinical Evidence, Biomechanical Limitations, and the Emerging Role of Artificial Intelligence. Global Scientific Journal, 14(8). ISSN 2320-9186.
[2] Bastos, P. V. O., Matos, E. S., Oliveira, C. S. A., Temponi, N. C. G., Quindos, D. S., Picoli, A. H., & Petegrosso, M. (2026). Materials and Biomechanics of Clear Orthodontic Aligners: Current Advances and Future Directions — A Narrative Review. Global Scientific Journal, 14(7). ISSN 2320-9186.
[3] Baneshi, M., O'Malley, L., El-Angbawi, A., & Thiruvenkatachari, B. (2025). Effectiveness of clear orthodontic aligners in correcting malocclusions: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Evidence-Based Dental Practice, 25(1), 102081. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebdp.2024.102081
[4] Alhafi, Z. M., Hajeer, M. Y., Alam, M. K., & Jaber, S. T. (2025). Quality and stability of orthodontic treatment outcomes with clear aligners versus fixed appliances: A systematic review and meta-analysis. European Journal of Orthodontics, 47(6), cjaf091. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjaf091