iosr-JDMS   Volume-25 ~ Issue-8 ~ Aug. 2026

Abstract: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) — including liraglutide, semaglutide, and tirzepatide — have shifted from niche antidiabetic agents to among the most widely prescribed medications worldwide, driven by their efficacy in chronic weight management. This expansion means that a rapidly growing share of candidates for dental implant rehabilitation now present with active or recent GLP-1RA use, yet no narrative review to date has examined the implications of these agents for osseointegration outside the context of type 2 diabetes mellitus.....

Keywords: GLP-1 receptor agonists; dental implants; osseointegration; bone metabolism; semaglutide

[1]. Abo-Elenin, M. H. H., Et Al. (2024). The Crucial Role Of Beta-Catenin In The Osteoprotective Effect Of Semaglutide In An Ovariectomized Rat Model Of Osteoporosis. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives Of Pharmacology.
Https://Doi.Org/10.1007/S00210-024-03212-4
[2]. Ahmad, P., Estrin, N., Farshidfar, N., Zhang, Y., & Miron, R. J. (2025). Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists (GLP-1ras) Improve Periodontal And Peri-Implant Health In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Journal Of Periodontal Research, 60(5), 450–465.
Https://Doi.Org/10.1111/Jre.13410
[3]. Ambrogini, E. (2026). Complex Clinical Encounter Series: Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists-Induced Weight Loss: Are We Paying Attention To Bone Health? Journal Of Bone And Mineral Research. Advance Online Publication.
[4]. Anastasilakis, A. D., Paccou, J., Palermo, A., & Polyzos, S. A. (2025). The Effects Of Anti-Obesity Medications On Bone Metabolism: A Critical Appraisal. Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, 27(9), 4674–4688. Https://Doi.Org/10.1111/Dom.16541
[5]. Chen, Z., Wang, Y., Zhang, G., Zheng, J., Tian, L., Song, Y., & Liu, X. (2024). Role Of LRP5/6/GSK-3β/Β-Catenin In The Differences In Exenatide- And Insulin-Promoted T2D Osteogenesis And Osteomodulation. British Journal Of Pharmacology, 181(19), 3556–3575. Https://Doi.Org/10.1111/Bph.16421

Abstract: Spindle cell neoplasms arising in the parotid gland are rare and represent a diagnostically challenging group of salivary gland lesions. Owing to their overlapping morphological characteristics and broad differential diagnosis, definitive identification frequently relies on histopathological examination supplemented by immunohistochemical analysis. We report the case of a 35-year-old man who presented with a one-month history of progressive swelling in the left parotid region accompanied by trismus. Radiographic examination revealed an ill-.....

Keywords: Spindle cell neoplasm, parotid gland, rare, histopathology, immunohistochemistry.

[1]. Skálová A, Laco J, Thompson LDR, Et Al. Update From The 5th Edition Of The World Health Organization Classification Of Head And Neck Tumours: Salivary Glands. Head Neck Pathol. 2022;16(1):63-70.
[2]. Seethala RR, Stenman G. Update From The 4th Edition Of The World Health Organization Classification Of Head And Neck Tumours: Tumors Of The Salivary Gland. Head Neck Pathol. 2017;11(1):55-67.
[3]. Oh SJ, Moon D. Spindle Cell Myoepithelioma Of The Parotid Gland. Arch Craniofac Surg. 2019;20(5):336-40.
[4]. Hwang I, Kim JH, Et Al. Solitary Fibrous Tumour Of The Parotid Gland: A Case Report And 15-Year Literature Review. AME Case Rep. 2019;3:20.
[5]. Nagao T, Sato E, Inoue R, Et Al. Immunohistochemical Analysis Of Salivary Gland Spindle Cell Lesions: Diagnostic Utility And Differential Diagnosis. Hum Pathol. 2011;42(7):1020-8.

Abstract: Aim: To assess the long-term impact of COVID -19 on cardiac autonomic function in young adults using Heart Rate Variability.
Methods: It is an observational and comparative study comprising of two groups. Group 1 (unaffected by COVID -19) and Group 2 (recovered from COVID -19, minimum of three months gap after infection at the time of recruitment and Real time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT - PCR) for Covid -19 tested positive). Age and Gender matched for.....

Keywords: COVID 19, cardiac autonomic function, Heart rate, Heart rate variability

[1]. Marques KC , Silva CC , Silva Trindade S Et Al.Reduction Of Cardiac Autonomic Modulation And Increased Sympathetic Activity By Heart Rate Variability In Patients With Long COVID.Frontiers In Cardiovascular Medicine, 2022 ; 9:8620.
DOI: 10.3389/Fcvm.2022.862001.
[2]. Zygmunt A, Stanczyk J. Methods Of Evaluation Of Autonomic Nervous System Function. Arch Med Sci. 2010;6(1):11-18.
DOI :10.5114/Aoms.2010.13500.
[3]. Dani M, Dirksen AA, Taraborrelli BP Et Al.Autonomic Dysfunction In ‘Long COVID’: Rationale, Physiology And Management Strategies. Clinical Medicine 2021;21(1):E63-7.
[4]. Marques KC , Silva CC , Silva Trindade S Et Al.Reduction Of Cardiac Autonomic Modulation And Increased Sympathetic Activity By Heart Rate Variability In Patients With Long COVID.Frontiers In Cardiovascular Medicine, 2022 ; 9:8620.
DOI: 10.3389/Fcvm.2022.862001.
[5]. Ahmad MS, Shaik RA, Ahmad RK Et Al.“LONG COVID”: An Insight. European Review For Medical And Pharmacological Sciences .2021; 25: 5561-5577. Doi: 10.26355/Eurrev_202109_26669

Abstract: Background: Diabetes mellitus is associated with several ocular complications, including increased susceptibility to postoperative retinal changes following cataract surgery. Aim: To compare postoperative macular thickness after uncomplicated phacoemulsification surgery in non-diabetic patients and diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy. Materials and Methods: This comparative longitudinal study was conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology at a tertiary......

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Phacoemulsification, Central macular thickness, Optical coherence tomography, Cataract surgery, Diabetic patients without retinopathy

[1]. Suthar AH. Assessment Of Macular Thickness Following Cataract Surgery In Diabetic Patients. Asian J Med Sci. 2023;14(9):176-180.
[2]. Anand H, Kumari R, Bhagat DK. To Study The Central Macular Thickness Changes Following Uncomplicated Phacoemulsification In Diabetic Patients Without Retinopathy. Int J Acad Med Pharm. 2023;5(4):856-862.[3].
Hasan MG, Agrawal A, Singh A, Mittal SK, Sinha S, Samanta R. Comparative Study Of Effect Of Phacoemulsification On Central Macular Thickness In Diabetic And Nondiabetic Patients Assessed With Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography. Himal J Ophthalmol. 2023;17(2):35-41.
[4]. Roy B. The Occurrence Of Macular Edema After Phacoemulsification Cataract Surgery In Diabetic Patients Without Retinopathy And Normal Patients. Curr Indian Eye Res. 2017;4:17-21.
[5]. Spoorthy S, Murthy KP. A Comparative Study Of Macular Thickness Measurements Using Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Before And After Cataract Surgery In Patients With Diabetes Mellitus And Their Age-Matched Controls. Indian J Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2023;9(2):130-134.

Abstract: Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a severe adverse event associated with antiresorptive and antiangiogenic medications commonly prescribed for osteoporosis, metastatic bone disease, multiple myeloma, and several malignancies. Since the first reports of bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis in 2003, understanding of the disease has expanded considerably, leading to the broader term MRONJ to include osteonecrosis associated with denosumab and angiogenesis inhibitors. Although oral surgical procedures remain the strongest precipitating.....

Keywords: Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw, MRONJ, Endodontics, Bisphosphonates, Denosumab, Root canal treatment, Osteoporosis, Antiresorptive therapy

[1]. Ruggiero SL, Dodson TB, Aghaloo T, Carlson ER, Ward BB, Kademani D. American Association Of Oral And Maxillofacial Surgeons' Position Paper On Medication-Related Osteonecrosis Of The Jaws—2022 Update. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2022;80(5):920-943.
[2]. Ruggiero SL, Dodson TB, Fantasia J, Goodday R, Aghaloo T, Mehrotra B, Et Al. American Association Of Oral And Maxillofacial Surgeons Position Paper On Medication-Related Osteonecrosis Of The Jaw—2014 Update. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2014;72(10):1938-1956.
[3]. Ruggiero SL, Dodson TB, Assael LA, Landesberg R, Marx RE, Mehrotra B. American Association Of Oral And Maxillofacial Surgeons Position Paper On Bisphosphonate-Related Osteonecrosis Of The Jaws. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2007;65(3):369-376.
[4]. Ruggiero SL, Dodson TB, Assael LA, Landesberg R, Marx RE, Mehrotra B. American Association Of Oral And Maxillofacial Surgeons Position Paper On Bisphosphonate-Related Osteonecrosis Of The Jaw—2009 Update. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2009;67(Suppl 5):2-12.
[5]. Marx RE. Pamidronate (Aredia) And Zoledronate (Zometa)-Induced Avascular Necrosis Of The Jaws: A Growing Epidemic. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2003;61:1115-1117

Abstract: Background: Ultrasound-guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block is a widely used regional anaesthesia technique for upper limb surgeries because it provides effective intraoperative anaesthesia and postoperative analgesia while avoiding the adverse effects of general anaesthesia. Various adjuvants have been added to local anaesthetics to improve the quality and duration of blockade. Dexamethasone, a potent glucocorticoid, prolongs analgesia through.....

Keywords: ASA- American Society of Anaesthesiologists

[1]. Deshpande JP, Patil KN. Evaluation Of Magnesium As An Adjuvant To Ropivacaine- Induced Axillary Brachial Plexus Block: A Prospective, Randomised, Double-Blind Study. Indian J Anaesth 2020;64:310-5.
[2]. Shambhavi T, Das S, Senapati LK, Padhi PP. Comparative Evaluation Of Bupivacaine With Magnesium Sulphate And Dexamethasone As Adjuvants In Ultrasound-Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block For Open Unilateral Inguinal Hernia Surgeries: A Randomised Controlled Trial. Indian J Anaesth 2023;67:370-5.
[3]. Mohan IR, Siddardha K. Supraclavicular Block Comparison Between Bupivacaine And Ropivacaine At Equal Concentrations. International Journal Of Scientific Research. December 2016; 5(12):57-59
[4]. Shridevi RJ, Asokan A. Comparison Of Ropivacaine With Magnesium Sulphate And Plain Ropivacaine In Ultrasound Guided Supraclavicular Blocks For Upper Limb Surgeries. Indian J Clin Anaesth 2020;7(2):203-206.
[5]. Shende SY, Khairmode UB, Gorgile RN, Marathe RM. Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block With And Without Dexamethasone As An Adjuvant To Local Anesthetics - An Observational Study. Indian J Clin Anaesth 2020;7(4):645-651

Abstract: Background: Preoperative evaluation of renal vascular anatomy is essential for safe living donor nephrectomy and successful kidney transplantation. Multidetector computed tomography angiography is the preferred imaging modality for identifying renal arterial and venous variations that may influence surgical planning. Methods: This prospective observational study was done over 18 months in the Department of Radiodiagnosis in collaboration with the Department of Urology at SRMS-IMS, Bareilly. Forty-five prospective living renal donors underwent.....

Keywords: Computed tomography angiography; Kidney transplantation; Renal donor; Renal artery variations; Renal vein variations

[1] Abramyan S, Hanlon M. Kidney Transplantation. Statpearls 2023.
[2] Arévalo Pérez J, Gragera Torres F, Marín Toribio A, Koren Fernández L, Hayoun C, Daimiel Naranjo I. Angio CT Assessment Of Anatomical Variants In Renal Vasculature: Its Importance In The Living Donor. Insights Imaging 2013;4:199.
Https://Doi.Org/10.1007/S13244-012-0217-5.
[3] Giron-Luque F, Baez-Suarez Y, Garcia-Lopez A, Patino-Jaramillo N. Safety And Intraoperative Results In Live Kidney Donors With Vascular Multiplicity After Hand-Assisted Laparoscopy Living Donor Nephrectomy. Res Rep Urol 2022;14:23.
Https://Doi.Org/10.2147/RRU.S341028.
[4] Asghari B, Babaei M, Pakroshan B, Vaziriniya A, Babamahmoodi A. Role Of Multidetector Computed Tomography For Evaluation Of Living Kidney Donors. Nephrourol Mon 2013;5:870. Https://Doi.Org/10.5812/NUMONTHLY.10875.
[5] Munnusamy K, Kasirajan SP, Gurusamy K, Raghunath G, Bolshetty SL, Chakrabarti S, Et Al. Variations In Branching Pattern Of Renal Artery In Kidney Donors Using CT Angiography. J Clin Diagn Res 2016;10:AC01.
Https://Doi.Org/10.7860/JCDR/2016/16690.7342.

Abstract: Zygomatic implants are an advanced treatment modality used for the rehabilitation of severely atrophic maxilla where conventional implant placement is difficult or impossible. These implants are anchored in the zygomatic bone, providing strong support for prosthetic rehabilitation without the need for extensive bone grafting procedures. The technique reduces treatment time, avoids donor site morbidity, and allows immediate or early loading in many cases. Zygomatic.....

Keywords: Zygomatic implants; Atrophic maxilla; Implant rehabilitation; Sinus slot technique; Maxillary reconstruction; Immediate loading

[1]. Cawood JI, Howell RA. A Classification Of The Edentulous Jaws International Journal Of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery 1988; 17:232–6.
[2]. Lekholm U, Zarb GA. Patient Selection And Preparation. In: Branemark PI, Zarb GA, Albrektsson T, Editors. Tissue-Integrated Prosthesis. Chicago, IL: Quintessence Publishing; 1985;13: 201–2.
[3]. Breine U, Branemark PI. Reconstruction Of The Alveolar Jawbone. An Experimental And Clinical Study Of Immediate And Preformed Autologous Bone Grafts In Combination With Osseo Integrated Implants. Scandinavian Journal Of Plastic And Reconstructive Surgery. 1950 ; 14:23–48.
[4]. Sonica Galan Gil Et Al, Balaguer Martínez J, Marti Bowen E. Rehabilitation Of Resorbed Maxillae With Zygomatic Implants: An Update. Medicina Oral, Pato Logia Oral Y Cirugia Bucal.2007;12(3):216-20.
[5]. Malo P, De Araujo Nobre M, Lopes I. A New Approach To Rehabilitate The Severely Atrophic Maxilla Using Extra Maxillary Anchored Implants In Immediate Function: A Pilot Study. Journal Of Prosthetic Dentistry, 2003 Nov 1;100(5):354-66

Abstract: Pancytopenia is a hematologic condition characterized by a decrease in all three peripheral blood cell lines. It is characterized by a hemoglobin value of less than 12 g/dL in women and 13 g/dL in men, platelets of less than 150,000 per mcL, and leukocytes of less than 4000 per ml (or absolute neutrophil count of less than 1800 per ml).[1,2]
It is commonly.....

[1]. Vargas-Carretero CJ, Fernandez-Vargas OE, Ron-Magaña AL, Padilla-Ortega JA, Ron-Guerrero CS, Barrera-Chairez E. Etiology And Clinico-Hematological Profile Of Pancytopenia: Experience Of A Mexican Tertiary Care Center And Review Of The Literature. Hematology. 2019 Dec;24(1):399-404.
[2]. Das Makheja K, Kumar Maheshwari B, Arain S, Kumar S, Kumari S, Vikash The Common Causes Leading To Pancytopenia In Patients Presenting To Tertiary Care Hospital. Pak J Med Sci. 2013 Sep;29(5):1108-11.
[3]. Chiravuri S, De Jesus O. Pancytopenia. [Updated 2023 Aug 23]. In: Statpearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): Statpearls Publishing; 2026 Jan-. Available From: Https://Www.Ncbi.Nlm.Nih.Gov/Books/NBK563146/
[4]. Takeshima M, Ishikawa H, Kitadate A, Sasaki R, Kobayashi T, Nanjyo H, Kanbayashi T, Shimizu T. Anorexia Nervosa-Associated Pancytopenia Mimicking Idiopathic Aplastic Anemia: A Case Report. BMC Psychiatry. 2018 May 25;18(1):150.
[5]. Jain A, Naniwadekar M. An Etiological Reappraisal Of Pancytopenia - Largest Series Reported To Date From A Single Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital. BMC Hematol. 2013 Nov 06;13(1):10.

Abstract: Epidermal Inclusion Cysts are slow-growing cysts formed due to the migration of epidermal cells into the dermis, usually, asymptomatic.1 They present between the 2nd and 4th decades but can manifest anytime. 1 A 26-year-old male presented with scalp swelling since birth, growing gradually in size measuring 7 x 5 x 2 centimeters. There was no history of trauma /redness or tenderness. CECT revealed a well-defined dome-shaped homogenously hypoechoic.....

[1]. Pandey AK, Maithani T, Sharma S. Giant Epidermoid Cyst: A Case Report. J Otolaryngol-ENT Res [Internet]. 2018 Nov 16 [Cited 2024 May 1];10(6). Available From: Https://Medcraveonline.Com/JOENTR/Giant-Epidermoid-Cyst-A-Case-Report.Html
[2]. Fdili Alaoui FZ, Oussaden A, Bouguern H, El Fatemi H, Melhouf MA, Amarti A, Et Al. Giant Pelvic Retroperitoneal Epidermoid Cyst: A Rare Case Report. Case Reports In Medicine. 2012;2012:1–4.
[3]. Assistant Professor Cum CMO, Department Of Community Medicine, CMC, Ludhiana, Punjab, India, Lal D. Epidermoid Cyst - A Clinical Case Report. Ijoyah. 2021 Sep 30;08(03):12–4.
[4]. Division Of Oncology Surgery, Departement Of Surgery, Faculty Of Medicine Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassa, Kereh D, Septiman S, Division Of Oncology Surgery, Departement Of Surgery, Faculty Of Medicine Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar. A Rare Presentation Of A Giant Epidermal Cyst Of The Parietooccipital Region: A Case Reports. Nrjs [Internet]. 2019 Dec 31 [Cited 2024 Feb 18]; Available From: Https://Scholarhub.Ui.Ac.Id/Nrjs/Vol4/Iss2/9/