iosr-JDMS   Volume-25 ~ Issue-6 ~ June 2026

Abstract: Background: Composite resins are widely used in restorative dentistry due to their esthetics and adhesive properties, but they are prone to polymerization shrinkage and microleakage. Microleakage can lead to clinical complications such as secondary caries, hypersensitivity, and restoration failure. To overcome these limitations, short fiber reinforced composites.....

Keywords: Short fiber reinforced composite;Microleakage;Polymerization shrinkage ;Composite placement techniques ;Horizontal layering ;Bulk-fill technique

[1]. Karthikasari AD ,Indrawati D ,Kamizar ,.Comparative study of resin composite class 1 restoration microleakage between bulk fill technique with and without sonic activation ,and incremental technique . Journal of physics:Conference Series 2017;884:012063.
[2]. Norman DA,Robertson RE .The effect of fiber orientation on the toughening of short fiber reinforced polymers. J Appl Polum Sci 2003;90:2740-2751. 3.
[3]. Braga RR,Ballester RY,Ferracane JL. Factors involved in the development of polymerization shrinkage stress in resin- composites :a systematic review. Dental Materials 2005;21(10):962-70.
[4]. Javaheri DS placement technique for direct posterior composite restorations .pract Proced Aesthet Dent 2001;13:195 -200.
[5]. Lassila L,Sailynoja E,Prinssi R,Vallittu PK, Garoushi S. Fracture behavior of fiber reinforced composite restorations. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020:101;103444.

Abstract: Primary hydatid cyst of kidney is an uncommon and rare disease. Occasionally it may mimic intraabdominal tumour or present with gross ascites. We are reporting a case of giant primary hydatid cyst of kidney presenting as lump abdomen which was mimicking as cystic renal cell carcinoma on CT Scan......

Keywords Hydatid cyst of kidney, cystic renal cell carcinoma, Echinococcosis

[1]. Fouzia, Siraja; Sharma, Shrutia,; Pawan, Vasudevab. Primary hydatid cyst of the kidney presenting as a complex renal mass. Journal of The Egyptian Society of Nephrology and Transplantation 17(2):p 64-66, Apr–Jun 2017 [2]. Mudholkar VG , Suwarnkar SV, Deshpande SA, Kadam PN. Isolated renal hydatid disease with gross hydatiduria. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2011 Jul-Sep;54(3):640-1 [3]. Tehranchi A , Bukani HM , Delshad AM , Hamedanchi S. Primary hydatid cyst of the kidney in a 10 year old boy. Urology journal 01/2013; 10(3):1004-6. [4]. Gupta A, Kalhan S, Singhal MK , Singhal O, Kaur V. Isolated Renal Hydatid Cyst Mimicking Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Diagnostic Dilemma. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. 2012 June, Vol-6(5): 890-892
[5]. Mongha R, Narayan S and Kundu AK. Primery hydatid cyst of kidney and ureter with gross hydatiduria: A case report and evaluation of radiological features. Indian J Urol. 2008 Jan-Mar; 24(1): 116–117..

Abstract: Aim of the study: The aim of the study is to find out the effectiveness of phonophoresis and positional release therapy in patients with plantar fasciitis.
Method of study: 10 subjects of plantar fasciitis were selected in this study age group between 20 - 55 years and each of them assigned for treatment. The treatment sessions include 8 minutes of phonophoresis and positional release therapy for 10....

Key Words: Plantar fasciitis, Phonophoresis, Positional release Therapy

[1]. Facilitated positional release- S Schiowitz, 1990 Feb;90(2):145-6, 151-5
[2]. Positional Release Therapy: Assessment and Treatment of Musculoskeletal Dysfunction
[3]. Chevan, Julia Physical Therapy; Washington Vol.78, Iss 7, (Jul 1998) 790
[4]. Methodology for measuring health-state preferences—II: Scaling methods Debra G. Froberg 1, Robert L. Kane 1 Volume 42, Issue 5, 1989, Pages 459-471. [5]. Therapeutic exercise: Moving toward function March 2012 Lori Thein Brody & C.M. Hall

Abstract: Background The extent of surgery for low-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) remains controversial. While total thyroidectomy has traditionally been preferred, hemithyroidectomy has gained acceptance due to lower morbidity and comparable oncological outcomes in selected patients....

[1]. Haugen BR, Alexander EK, Bible KC, et al.2015 American Thyroid Association management guidelines for adult patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid. 2016;26(1):1–133.
[2]. Nixon IJ, Wang LY, Palmer FL, et al. Thyroid lobectomy for treatment of well differentiated intrathyroid malignancy. Surgery. 2012;151(4):571–579.
[3]. Bilimoria KY, Bentrem DJ, Ko CY, et al. Extent of surgery affects survival for papillary thyroid cancer. Ann Surg. 2007;246(3):375–384.
[4]. Adam MA, Pura J, Gu L, et al. Extent of surgery for papillary thyroid cancer is not associated with survival: An analysis of 61,775 patients. Ann Surg. 2014;260(4):601–607.
[5]. Matsuzu K, Sugino K, Masudo K, et al.Thyroid lobectomy for papillary thyroid cancer: Long-term follow-up study of 1,088 cases. World J Surg. 2014;38(1):68–79

Abstract: Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) remains a major public health challenge globally, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, where reproductive-age adults are disproportionately affected. Access to contraceptive services among people living with HIV is essential for preventing unintended pregnancies, reducing mother-to-child transmission, and improving reproductive health outcomes.
Materials and Methods: A descriptive mixed-method cross-sectional study was conducted among HIV-positive individuals attending selected HIV treatment facilities in Sokoto State. Quantitative data were collected from 192 respondents selected through multistage sampling, while 15 participants were purposively selected for in-depth interviews in the qualitative...

Key Word: Contraception, HIV, Sokoto, unintended pregnancy

[1]. Adeagbo OA, Badru OA, Etokidem AJ. Prevalence and factors associated with modern and dual contraceptive use among women living with HIV in Cross River State , Nigeria : a cross-sectional study. Contracept Reprod Med. 2026;11(17):1–17.
[2]. Chinaeke EE, Fan-Osuala C, Bathnna M, Ozigbu CE, Olakunde B, Ramadhani HO, et al. Correlates of reported modern contraceptive use among postpartum HIV-positive women in rural Nigeria: An analysis from the MoMent prospective cohort study. Reprod Health. 2019;16(1):1–11.
[3]. Sule H, Gyang M, Oyebode T, Tersoo M. Contraception Choice among HIV - Positive Women Utilizing Family Planning Services Integrated with HIV Care at the Antiretroviral Therapy Clinic of Jos University Teaching Hospital , Nigeria. Eur J Med Heal Sci. 2020;2(5):1–7.
[4]. Adeleye KK, Akinwaare MO. Reproductive Plans And Utilisation of Contraceptives Among Women Living With HIV. Int J Matern Child Heal AIDS. 2019;8(2):120–30.
[5]. Hudu, Shuaibu Abdullahi Jimoh, Abdulgafar Olayiwola, Shinkafi SH. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs of HIV Transmission among People Living With HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Sokoto, Nigeria. Niger Med J. 2022;64(1):120–32.

Abstract: Background: Subcutaneous tuberculosis (ST) is an extremely rare form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis that frequently masquerades as cellulitis or soft tissue parasitosis, resulting in diagnostic delay. Case Presentation: A 16-year-old immunocompetent female from Bihar presented with an 8-month history of recurrent swelling and pain over the anterolateral distal left leg. Three empirical antibiotic courses failed to provide sustained...

Keywords: Subcutaneous tuberculosis; tuberculous gumma; extrapulmonary tuberculosis; CBNAAT; myocysticercosis; anti-tubercular therapy

[1]. Chen Q, Chen W, Hao F. Cutaneous tuberculosis: A great imitator. Clin Dermatol. 2019;37(4):277–289. doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2019.07.005
[2]. Kaul S, Nunley J, Kelly BC. Cutaneous tuberculosis. Part I: Pathogenesis, classification, and clinical features. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2022;87(2):253–270. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2021.11.048
[3]. Kaul S, Nunley J, Kelly BC. Cutaneous tuberculosis. Part II: Complications, diagnostic workup, histopathological features, and treatment. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2022;87(2):271–291. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2021.11.049
[4]. Sumayod EA. Tuberculous gumma: an unusual extrapulmonary tuberculosis in a 17-year-old male. A case report. Chest. 2021;160(4):A2396. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2021.07.2034
[5]. Denkinger CM, Schumacher SG, Boehme CC, Dendukuri N, Pai M, Steingart KR. Xpert MTB/RIF assay for the diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Respir J. 2014;44(2):435–446. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00007814

Abstract: Background: One of the most frequent causes of heel pain is plantar fasciitis, which is brought on by inflammation and degradation of the plantar fascia, a thick band of tissue that supports the foot's arch. Heel discomfort is commonly experienced by patients, particularly after extended periods of rest or during the first steps in the morning. Plantar fasciitis can develop as a result of risk factors such obesity, extended standing, excessive physical activity, flat feet, high arches...

Key word: Plantar Fasciitis, Heel Pain, Intralesional Steroid Injection, Triamcinolone Acetonide, Foot Function Index, Quality of Life, Pain Assessment, Functional Outcomes.

[1]. Liebmann, K.; Kimbrough, D.W.; Best, T.M.; Kouroupis, D.; Rodriguez Materon, S. Plantar Fasciitis Pathophysiology and the Potential Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Therapy. Biomedicines 2025, 13, 1528. Https://doi.org/10.3390/ biomedicines13071528
[2]. Dr. Milind choudhary 1 dr. Narindar singh 2, dr. Manorma singh 3 1PG scholar, PG Dept of Shalya Tantra, NIA, Jaipur, 1Associate professor, PG Dept of Shalya Tantra, NIA, Jaipur 1Lecturer, PG dept of Shalya Tantra, NIA, Jaipur http://www.ijrar.org/papers/IJRAR21D1126.pdf
[3]. Marina Gigli, and Lorenzo Ponziani Journal of Orthopaedics, Trauma and Rehabilitation Volume 32, Issue 2, December 2025, Pages 221-227 The Author(s) 2025, Article Reuse Guidelines https://doi.org/10.1177/22104917241303777
[4]. Liebmann, K.; Kimbrough, D.W.; Best, T.M.; Kouroupis, D.; Rodriguez Materon, S. Plantar Fasciitis Pathophysiology and the Potential Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Therapy. Biomedicines 2025, 13, 1528. Https://doi.org/10.3390/ biomedicines13071528
[5]. John V. Thompson, DO; Sundeep S. Saini, OMS IV; Christopher W. Reb, DO; and Joseph N. Daniel, DO J Osteopath Med; 114(12): 900-901 https://doi.org/10.7556/jaoa.2014.177

Abstract: Scar endometriosis is a rare form of extra-pelvic endometriosis that occurs following obstetric and gynecological surgeries, most commonly lower segment cesarean section (LSCS). It usually presents as cyclical pain and swelling near the operative scar, often leading to delayed diagnosis because of its resemblance to other surgical conditions....

Keywords: Scar endometriosis, abdominal wall endometriosis, cesarean scar, extra-pelvic endometriosis, LSCS

[1]. Horton JD, Dezee KJ, Ahnfeldt EP, Wagner M. Abdominal wall endometriosis: a surgeon’s perspective and review of 445 cases. Am J Surg. 2008;196(2):207-12.
[2]. Zhang J, Liu X, Li F, Lang J. Clinical characteristics of abdominal wall endometriosis at cesarean section scar: a retrospective study. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2019;12(4):4060-5.
[3]. Bumpers HL, Butler KL, Best IM. Endometrioma of the abdominal wall. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2002;187(6):1709-10.
[4]. Bektaş H, Bilsel Y, Sarı YS, et al. Abdominal wall endometrioma: a 10-year experience and brief review of the literature. J Surg Res. 2010;164(1):e77-e81.
[5]. Ding Y, Zhu J. A retrospective review of abdominal wall endometriosis in Shanghai, China. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2013;121(1):41-4.

Abstract: BACKGROUND/INTRODUCTION: The femur is the longest and heaviest bone in the body, the proximal femur is “bent” (L-shaped) so that the long axis of the head and neck projects superomedially at an angle to that of the obliquely oriented shaft.[1] Neck Shaft Angle is an important anatomic measurement for the evaluation of biomechanics of hip.[2] Most of the implants have different angular options because they are manufactured by the consideration of data and body morphology, biomechanics and anthropology according to western world. So present study aim was to measure as the skeletal dimensions and morphology of the Indian subcontinent in the same....

KEYWORDS: Digital Pelvic radiographs, Neck-shaft angle, Proximal femur.

[1]. Keith L. Moore Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 7th edition.
[2]. Wright D, Whyne C, Hardisty M, Kreder HJ, Lubovsky O. Functional and anatomic orientation of the femoral head. Clin OrthopRelat Res. 2011;469(9):2583–9
[3]. Radha P, Ravi SG, Naveen NS, Roopa CR. Evaluation of neck shaft angle of femur on dry bones. J Evol Med Dent Sci 2015; 4:5518-22.
[4]. McMinn RM. Osteology of the lower limb. Last’s Anatomy: Regional and applied. Revised 9th ed. Singapore: Churchill Livingstone; 2019. p. 215-35.
[5]. Akbar W, Kalim U. A radiographic study of neck shaft angle in a population of Mardan region, Khyber Pukhtonkhwa, Pakistan. Biomedica2015; 31:108-14.

Abstract: Diabetes mellitus is one of the major public health problems. Its major complications include micro and macro vascular problems. The platelet indices are used to measure and estimate the relation between vascular changes and hemoglobin A1 C. In this preliminary study carried out in a local diabetic cases inidcated that there was significant correlation between platelet volume, platelet distributiin width and glycated hemoglobin. The findings suggest that apart from routine estimations of biomarkers related to diabetes platelet indices can be included in the panel of investigations..

Key words: Diabetes melltius, glycated hemoglobin, platelet volume, platelet distribution width

[1]. Zhao L, Hu H, Zhang L, et al. Inflammation in diabetes complications: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions. Med Comm. 2024;5:e516. https://doi.org/10.1002/mco2.516
[2]. Jena S, Raizada N, Kalra S and Bhattacharya S. Platelet indices as predictors of glycemic status and complications in diabetes mellitus. Apollo Med 2025; 22:214–219.
[3]. American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee for Diabetes*; 2. Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2026. Diabetes Care 1 January 2026; 49 (Supplement_1): S27–S49
[4]. Cai Y, Li X, Zhou H and Zhou J (2022) The serotonergic system dysfunction in diabetes mellitus. Front. Cell. Neurosci. 16:899069. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2022.899069
[5]. Kim JH, Bae HY, Kim SY. Clinical marker of platelet hyperreactivity in diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab J. 2013 Dec;37(6):423-8. doi: 10.4093/dmj.2013.37.6.423. PMID: 24404513; PMCID: PMC3881326.

Abstract: Ciliary body tumors in children present problems of etiological diagnosis. Imaging is essential but confirmation is based on pathological examination which allows the histological nature to be clarified. In our article, we report the case of a tumor of the ciliary body in a girl aged 2 years and 2 months, presenting a tumor of the ciliary body of the left eye revealed by exotropia and a cataract

Keywords: tumor - ciliary body – child

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