iosr-JDMS   Volume-25 ~ Issue-5 ~ May 2026

Abstract: Background: This comparative study evaluated the PET image quality with commonly used NEMA IEC Body and observed a number of defects, hindering its application for detecting micro-lesions and measuring the performance parameters of computed tomography (CT). This study aimed to compare, review, and propose a PET/CT phantom designed by National Institute of Metrology (NIM), China, and that phantom tested in our organisation, which is capable of simultaneously testing the performance....

Keywords: NEMA IEC Body phantom, NIM PET/CT phantom, CT performance parameters, Image quality, Hot spheres, Cold spheres, Micro-lesions

[1]. A NIM PET/CT Phantom For Evaluating The PET Image Quality Of Micro‑Lesions And The Performance Parameters Of CT Shujie Lu†, Peng Zhang†, Chengwei Li, Jie Sun, Wenli Liu And Pu Lu Et Al. BMC Medical Imaging (2021) 21:165
[2]. Society Of Nuclear Medicine, India
[3]. Technical Publication Direction 5860378-1EN, Revision 1
[4]. EANM Physicist Guide.
[5]. Bailey DL, Townsend DW, Valk PE, Maisey MN. Positron Emission Tomogra- Phy. Berlin: Springer; 2015

Abstract: Objective: To describe an atypical inaugural presentation of multiple sclerosis mimicking stroke, in order to highlight the diagnostic challenges and the importance of thorough clinical and radiological evaluation to avoid misdiagnosis and ensure early appropriate management. Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study reporting a case of multiple sclerosis with an atypical onset mimicking stroke. Clinical, biological, and radiological data were collected from the patient’s medical records, including neurological examination, brain MRI....

[1]. Ghoul M, Bourokba S, Louanchi M, Lakehal M, Ghernoub I, Layadi R, Et Al. Formes Atypiques De Sclérose En Plaques : A Propos De 5 Cas. Rev Neurol (Paris). 1 Avr 2015;Journées De Neurologie De Langue Française 2015171:A68‑9.
Doi:10.1016/J.Neurol.2015.01.152
[2]. Labauge P. Les Formes Atypiques De Sclérose En Plaques Et Formes Frontières. Bull Académie Natl Médecine. 1 Juin 2022;206(6):735‑40. Doi:10.1016/J.Banm.2022.01.030[3].
Grosset-Janin D, Morel N, Casez O. Mise Au Point Sur La Sclérose En Plaques De Début Tardif : 10 Questions Portant Sur La SEP Du Sujet Agé. Prat Neurol - FMC. 1 Févr 2014;5(1):32‑8. Doi:10.1016/J.Praneu.2013.10.012
[4]. Hong Y, Tang HR, Ma M, Chen N, Xie X, He L. Multiple Sclerosis And Stroke: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis. BMC Neurol. 24 Juin 2019;19(1):139. Doi:10.1186/S12883-019-1366-7 Pubmed PMID: 31234793; Pubmed Central PMCID: PMC6591845.
[5]. Édition Professionnelle Du Manuel MSD [Internet]. [Cité 26 Avr 2026]. Sclérose En Plaques (SEP) - Troubles Neurologiques. Disponible Sur: Https://Www.Msdmanuals.Com/Fr/Professional/Troubles-Neurologiques/Maladies-Démyélinisantes/Sclérose-En-Plaques-Sep

Abstract: Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) classically presents with cavitation or upper lobe infiltrations which is a hallmark radiological feature of PTB. It usually manifests as single cavitary consolidation mostly in the upper lobe (apical and posterior segments)1,3. Later in HIV era, pulmonary TB presentation have diversified with lower lobe involvement and diffuse pulmonary disease becoming more common due to profound immunosuppression and low CD4 counts.1,2 However, with the growing prevalence of comorbidities such as diabetes, malnutrition, alcoholism etc, unusual...

Keywords: Pulmonary tuberculosis, extensive lung and radiological involvement, immune-competent host, non-HIV patients.

[1]. Sharma SK, Mohan A, Gupta R, Kumar A, Gupta AK, Singhal VK, Pande JN. Clinical Presentation Of Tuberculosis In Patients With AIDS: An Indian Experience. Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci. 1997 Oct-Dec;39(4):213-20. PMID: 9654817.
[2]. Urbanowski ME, Ordonez AA, Ruiz-Bedoya CA, Jain SK, Bishai WR. Cavitary Tuberculosis: The Gateway Of Disease Transmission. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020 Jun;20(6):E117-E128. Doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30148-1. Epub 2020 May 5. PMID: 32482293; PMCID: PMC7357333
[3]. Rosen Y, Cavitating Pulmonary Tuberculosis (Gross Pathology). Case Study, Radiopaedia.Org. Https://Doi.Org/10.53347/Rid-8633
[4]. World Health Organization. Global Tuberculosis Report 2024. Geneva: WHO; 2023.
[5]. Ananthanarayan R, Paniker CKJ. Ananthanarayan And Paniker’s Textbook Of Microbiology. 11th Ed. Hyderabad: Universities Press; 2023.

Abstract: Background: Smoking is a major risk factor for impaired pulmonary function and the development of obstructive airway diseases. Spirometry is a simple, non-invasive, and reliable method for assessing lung function and detecting early airway abnormalities. Objectives: 1. To compare spirometry findings among smokers and non-smokers. 2. To assess the relationship between smoking index and spirometry findings....

Keywords: Smoking, Peak Expiratory Flow Rate, Spirometry, Smoking Index, Pulmonary Function

[1]. World Health Organization. WHO Report On The Global Tobacco Epidemic. Geneva: WHO; 2023.
[2]. Barnes PJ, Burney PGJ, Silverman EK, Celli BR, Vestbo J, Wedzicha JA, Et Al. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2015;1:15076.
[3]. Pauwels RA, Buist AS, Calverley PMA, Jenkins CR, Hurd SS. Global Strategy For Diagnosis, Management, And Prevention Of COPD. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001;163(5):1256–76.
[4]. Miller MR, Hankinson J, Brusasco V, Burgos F, Casaburi R, Coates A, Et Al. Standardisation Of Spirometry. Eur Respir J. 2005;26(2):319–38.
[5]. Pellegrino R, Viegi G, Brusasco V, Crapo RO, Burgos F, Casaburi R, Et Al. Interpretative Strategies For Lung Function Tests. Eur Respir J. 2005;26(5):948–68

Abstract: Commotio retinae is a well-recognised consequence of blunt ocular trauma characterised by transient cloudy swelling and greyish discolouration of the sensory retina. When co-existing with active choroiditis and a chronic choroidal neovascular membrane (CNVM), the clinical picture becomes considerably more complex, mandating prompt diagnosis and a nuanced management strategy. We report a 45-year-old male daily-wage worker who presented with a 15-day history of painless, progressive diminution of vision in the left eye following blunt trauma to the head....

Keywords: Commotio retinae; Choroiditis; Choroidal neovascular membrane; Ocular trauma; Blunt trauma; Retinal oedema

[1]. Khurana AK. Parsons' Diseases Of The Eye. 23rd Ed. Elsevier; 2023.
[2]. Bowling B. Kanski's Clinical Ophthalmology: A Systematic Approach. 10th Ed. Elsevier; 2024.
[3]. Eyewiki – American Academy Of Ophthalmology. Commotio Retinae. Available At: Https://Eyewiki.Org/Commotio_Retinae
[4]. Gupta V, Gupta A, Rao NA. Intraocular Tuberculosis — An Update. Surv Ophthalmol. 2007;52(6):561–587.
[5]. Papakostas TD, Yonekawa Y, Kim IK, Eliott D. Ocular Trauma — Overview And Management. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 2015;55(2):1–18.

Abstract: Introduction: Surgery First Approach is done to improve the facial profile in the first phase of the treatment and decrease the treatment duration. Though pronounced mandibular auto-rotation can be seen post-operatively, which is to be included in the treatment plan. Aim: The aim of this scoping review is to know the best method for the predictability of mandibular auto-rotation in patients undergoing...

Keywords: Orthognathic surgery, autorotation, prediction, surgery first approach

[1]. Skieller V, Björk A, Linde-Hansen T. Prediction Of Mandibular Growth Rotation Evaluated From A Longitudinal Implant Sample. Am J Orthod. 1984 Nov;86(5):359-70.
[2]. Tony G. Mccollum : TOMAC : An Orthognathic Treatment Planning System. Part 1 – Soft Tissue Analysis. JCO 2001;35(6) ; 356-364.
[3]. Tony G. Mccollum : TOMAC : An Orthognathic Treatment Planning System. Part 2 VTO Construction In The Horizontal Dimension. JCO 2001, 35 (7); 434-443.
[4]. Tony G. Mccollum : TOMAC : An Orthognathic Treatment Planning System. Part 3 VTO Construction In The Vertical Dimension. JCO 2001, 35 (8); 479-490.
[5]. Chng CK, Gandedkar NH, Liou EJ. Surgery-First Orthodontic Management

Abstract: Introduction: Burn injuries remain a major global public health concern, especially in low- and middle-income countries, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality. Caregivers play a crucial role in recovery, yet their knowledge regarding burn management is often inadequate.
Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of a structured teaching programme (STP) on knowledge regarding burns and home care management among caregivers of burn patients. Materials and Methods....

Keywords: Burns, Caregivers, Structured Teaching Programme, Home Care Management, Knowledge

[1]. World Health Organization. Burns. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2023.
[2]. Gupta Jl, Makhija Lk, Bajaj Sp. National Programme For Prevention Of Burn Injuries In India. Indian J Plast Surg. 2010;43(Suppl):S6-S10.
[3]. Herndon Dn. Total Burn Care. 5th Ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2018.
[4]. Greenhalgh Dg. Management Of Burns. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(24):2349-2359.
[5]. Moi Al, Haugsmyr E. Patients’ Experiences Of Social Support Following Burn Injury. J Burn Care Res. 2017;38(1):E20-E27

Abstract: Objective: The aim of reporting this case of an atypical presentation of an optic nerve sheath meningioma mimicking optic neuritis is to highlight the importance of differential diagnosis and early imaging in order to avoid delays in management. Methods: A descriptive study of a case of optic nerve sheath meningioma revealed by optic neuritis. Data were collected retrospectively from the clinical records and MRI findings, along with a review of the literature.
Results: The patient presented with decreased visual acuity initially suggestive of optic neuritis. The atypical clinical course and MRI findings.....

[1]. M. Bouyon Et Al , Méningiome Et Neuropathie Optique : Un Piège Diagnostique, Journal Français D'ophtalmologie, Vol 36 - N° 3, P. 221-229 - Mars 2013, Doi : 10.1016/J.Jfo.2012.07.001
[2]. Z. Hammoumi Et Al, Les Tumeurs Du Nerf Optique: A Propos De 18 Cas, Société Francaise D´Ophtalmologie, 2021
[3]. T. Ben Salem Et Al, Profil Clinique Et Etiologique Des Neuropathies Optiques Rétrobulbaires Dans Un Service De Médecine Interne, La Revue De Médecine Interne,Vol 38 - N° S1 P. A191-A192 - Juin 2017. Doi :10.1016/J.Revmed.2017.03.278
[4]. Mouton S Et Al, Optic Nerve Sheath Meningioma. Experience In Lyon With Twenty Patients. Rev Neurol (Paris). 2007 May;163(5):549-59. Doi: 10.1016/S0035-3787(07)90461-0.Pmid: 17571023
[5]. M. Bouyon Et Al, Méningiome Et Neuropathie Optique : Un Piège Diagnostiqueoptic Neuropathy And Meningioma : A Diagnostic Trap, Journal Français D'ophtalmologie Volume 36, Issue 3, March 2013, Pages 221-229, Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Jfo.2012.07.001

Abstract: Background and Aims: Extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs) constitute a frequent and clinically significant dimension of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), extending its morbidity well beyond the gastrointestinal tract. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and clinical spectrum of EIMs in a cohort of IBD patients managed at a Moroccan tertiary referral centre, and to examine differences between Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC).
Methods: A retrospective descriptive analysis was conducted on 210 patients followed between 2019 and 2022, comprising 133....

Keywords: Inflammatory bowel disease; Crohn’s disease; ulcerative colitis; extraintestinal manifestations; musculoskeletal manifestations

[1]. Levine JS, Burakoff R. Extraintestinal Manifestations Of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y). 2011;7(4):235–41.
[2]. Corridoni D, Arseneau KO, Cominelli F. Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Immunol Lett. 2014;161(2):231–5.
[3]. Shen YH. Inflammatory Bowel Disease And Extraintestinal Manifestations: What Role Does The Microbiome Play? Engineered Regeneration. 2023.
[4]. Vavricka SR, Schoepfer A, Scharl M, Et Al. Extraintestinal Manifestations Of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2015.
[5]. Lichtenstein GR. Extraintestinal Manifestations Of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y). 2015

Abstract: This case series deals with patients who underwent surgery with diagnosis of cholecystitis or gall bladder carcinoma at a tertiary centre and were later confirmed to have xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (XGC) based on histopathological examination..

Keywords: gall bladder carcinoma, xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis, histopathological examination, cholecystectomy

[1]. Goodman JP, Ishak KL. Xanthogranulomatous Cholecystitis. Am J Surg Pathol. 1981;5(7):653-63.
[2]. Tiwari KG, Khandelwal B. Histopathological Spectrum Of Gallbladder Lesions With Special Reference To Xanthogranulomatous Cholecystitis. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2018;61(4):531-536
[3]. Jha SH, Varma V, Sharma A, Et Al. Xanthogranulomatous Cholecystitis: Diagnostic Dilemmas And Surgical Challenges. World J Gastroenterol. 2011;17(37):4746-51.
[4]. Gosh A, Mukherjee K. Imaging Features Of Xanthogranulomatous Cholecystitis: Pitfalls And Diagnostic Clues. Saudi J Gastroenterol. 2014;20(3):210-6.
[5]. Dixit VK, Prakash A, Gupta A, Et Al. Xanthogranulomatous Cholecystitis: Review Of 110 Cases. ANZ J Surg. 2013;83(7-8):482-7.

Abstract: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains a major global health challenge, accounting for the majority of head and neck cancers and exhibiting high morbidity and mortality rates. Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, survival outcomes have improved only marginally, largely due to recurrence, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. Increasing evidence supports the cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis, which proposes that a small subpopulation of tumor cells with stem-like properties drives tumor initiation, progression, and resistance to therapy. This review provides a comprehensive overview of oral cancer stem cells, focusing on their biological characteristics.....

Keywords:Oral cancer, cancer stem cells, SOX-2, OCT4, CD44, CD133, ALDH, tumor microenvironment, targeted therapy

[1]. Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, Bray F. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71(3):209–249.
[2]. Barsouk A, Aluru JS, Rawla P, Saginala K, Barsouk A. Epidemiology, risk factors, and prevention of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Med Sci (Basel). 2023;11(2):42.
[3]. Vigneswaran N, Williams MD. Epidemiologic trends in head and neck cancer and aids in diagnosis. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 2014;26(2):123–141.
[4]. Ng JH, Iyer NG, Tan MH, Edgren G. Changing epidemiology of oral squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue: a global study. Head Neck. 2017;39(2):297–304.
[5]. Mody MD, Rocco JW, Yom SS, Haddad RI, Saba NF. Head and neck cancer. Lancet. 2021;398(10318):2289–2299

Abstract: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a highly prevalent digestive disorder associated with a significant impairment in quality of life. The GERD-Q questionnaire is a simple and validated clinical tool used to assess the likelihood and severity of GERD based on symptom evaluation. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between GERD-Q scores and endoscopic findings in patients presenting with GERD-related symptoms.
A cross-sectional.....

Keywords:GERD, GERD-Q, esophagitis, endoscopy, reflux disease

[1] J. S. Nirwan, S. S. Hasan, Z.-U.-D. Babar, B. R. Conway, And M. U. Ghori, “Global Prevalence And Risk Factors Of Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease (Gord): Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis,” Sci. Rep., Vol. 10, No. 1, P. 5814, Apr. 2020, Doi: 10.1038/S41598-020-62795-1.
[2] E. J. Gong Et Al., “Validation Of The Korean Version Of The Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Questionnaire For The Diagnosis Of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease,” J. Neurogastroenterol. Motil., Vol. 25, No. 1, Pp. 91–99, Jan. 2019, Doi: 10.5056/Jnm18133.[3] D. M. Simadibrata, E. Ngadiono, F. A. G. Sinuraya, I. Damara, R. Fass, And M. Simadibrata, “Diagnostic Accuracy Of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Questionnaire For Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis,” Neurogastroenterol. Motil., Vol. 35, No. 12, P. E14619, Dec. 2023, Doi: 10.1111/Nmo.14619.
[4] S. Vadivelu Et Al., “Clinical Validity And Reliability Of The Malay Language Translations Of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Questionnaire And Quality Of Life In Reflux And Dyspepsia Questionnaire In A Primary Care Setting,” Dig. Dis., Vol. 37, No. 2, Pp. 100–107, 2019, Doi: 10.1159/000494386.
[5] A. I. Sharara Et Al., “Prevalence Of Gastroesophageal Reflux And Risk Factors For Erosive Esophagitis In Obese Patients Considered For Bariatric Surgery,” Dig. Liver Dis. Off. J. Ital. Soc. Gastroenterol. Ital. Assoc. Study Liver, Vol. 51, No. 10, Pp. 1375–1379, Oct. 2019, Doi: 10.1016/J.Dld.2019.04.010

Abstract: Background: Partial edentulism remains a significant oral health concern in developing countries. It adversely affects mastication, phonetics, esthetics, and overall quality of life. The etiology is multifactorial, including dental caries, periodontal disease, trauma, systemic conditions, and socio-behavioural determinants. Aim: To assess the prevalence and pattern of partial edentulism and its association with socio-demographic and systemic factors among patients attending a dental teaching institution.
Materials and.....

Keywords:Partial edentulism, Kennedy classification, tooth loss, socioeconomic factors, cross-sectional study, systemic diseases

[1]. Nagaraj E, Mankani N, Madalli P, Astekar D. J Indian Prosthodont Soc. 2014;14(1):24–28.
[2]. Friedman Pk, Lamster Ib. Periodontol 2000. 2016;72(1):142–152.
[3]. Medina-Solís Ce, Et Al. Med Sci Monit. 2014;20:843–852.
[4]. Rodríguez Fr, Et Al. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2017;15(2):139–145.
[5]. Mai X, Et Al. J Am Dent Assoc. 2013;144(3):252–265

Abstract: For a successful endodontic treatment in primary molars, it is important to decontaminate morphologically complex root canals with lateral fibrils and interconnecting branches between canals. During instrumentation, formation of smear layer is inevitable, which makes irrigation protocol necessary to ensure biological sealing and for treatment success. This review deals with mechanical and fluid dynamics of various irrigation needle designs, specifically comparing traditional metallic needles and advanced soft polypropylene needles. Also describes about......

[1]. Valizadeh M, Gheidari A, Daghestani N, Mohammadzadeh Z, Khorakian N. Evaluation of various root canal irrigation methods in primary teeth: a systematic review. BMC Oral Health. 2023 Nov 21;23(1):901.
[2]. Ganesh P, Srinivasan D, Baburam A, Babu A. Root canal irrigants in pediatric dentistry – A narrative review. J Chem Health Risks. 2024 Aug 17;14(4):1194-1202.
[3]. Chauhan PS, Yadav N, Shah Y, Rajan M, Ramana SV, Surana P. Irrigation in pediatric dentistry: a literature review. Int J Dent Syst Innov Res. 2022 Sep;5(5):01-08.
[4]. Mishra PS, Kulkarni P, Mali S, Tiwari S, Kumar A, Srinivas M. A randomised clinical study to evaluate the effect of different irrigation needles during pulpectomy in primary teeth. IOSR J Dent Med Sci. 2025;24(6 Ser 5):67-75.
[5]. Ziya M, Yüksel BN, Sarı Ş. Root Canal Morphology of Mandibular Primary Molars: A Micro-CT Study. Cumhuriyet Dent J 2019;22(4):382-9.

Abstract: Background: Obstructive jaundice is one of the most common causes of patient admission in surgery department. Although incidence of periampullary carcinoma is rare, early and accurate diagnosis is essential for timely treatment and improved outcome. Objective: To evaluate the clinical profile and laboratory findings of patients with periampullary carcinoma admitted to a tertiary care hospital.....

Key words: Periampullary carcinoma, obstructive jaundice, clinical profile, laboratory findings, CA 19-9.

[1]. Uomo G. Periampullary carcinoma: some important news in histopathology. JOP. 2014;15(2):213-215.
[2]. Rostain F, Hamza S, Drouillard A, Faivre J, Bouvier AM, Lepage C. Trends in incidence and management of cancer of the ampulla of Vater. World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20(29):10144-10150.
[3]. Hanif H, Khan SA, Muneer S, Adil SO. Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound in evaluation of obstructive jaundice with MRCP as gold standard. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(4):652-656.
[4]. Amandeep S, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of MRCP as compared to USG/CT in patients with obstructive jaundice. J Clin Diagn Res. 2014;8(3):103-107.
[5]. Wang GX, Ge XD, Zhang D, et al. MRCP combined with CT promotes the differentiation of benign and malignant distal bile duct strictures. Front Oncol. 2021;11:683869.

Abstract: Background: Deformities around the knee joint result in altered biomechanics, impaired function and joint degeneration. The management of complex deformities remains challenging, particularly in long-standing cases with soft tissue contractures and limb-length discrepancies. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical, functional and radiological outcomes of knee deformity correction by using the Ilizarov method.
Methods: This......

Keywords: Knee deformity, Ilizarov technique, external fixation, limb alignment, functional outcome, MAD

[1]. Kawoosa AA, Wani IH, Dar FA, Sultan A, Qazi M, Halwai MA. Deformity correction about knee with Ilizarov technique: Accuracy of correction and effectiveness of gradual distraction after conventional straight cut osteotomy. Ortopedia, Traumatologia, Rehabilitacja. 2015 Nov 1;17(6):587-92.
[2]. Wink AE, Gross KD, Brown CA, Guermazi A, Roemer F, Niu J, Torner J, Lewis CE, Nevitt MC, Tolstykh I, Sharma L. Varus thrust during walking and the risk of incident and worsening medial tibiofemoral MRI lesions: the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study. Osteoarthritis and cartilage. 2017 Jun 1;25(6):839-45.
[3]. van Bosse HJ, Pontén E, Wada A, Agranovich OE, Kowalczyk B, Lebel E, Şenaran H, Derevianko DV, Vavilov MA, Petrova EV, Barsukov DB. Treatment of the lower extremity contracture/deformities. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics. 2017 Jul 1;37: S16-23.
[4]. Leonchuk SS, Novikov KI, Subramanyam KN, Shikhaleva NG, Pliev MK, Mundargi AV. Management of severe congenital flexion deformity of the knee using Ilizarov method. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics B. 2020 Jan 1;29(1):47-52.
[5]. Pujol N, Boisrenoult P, Beaufils P. Post-traumatic knee stiffness: surgical techniques. Orthopaedics & Traumatology: Surgery & Research. 2015 Feb 1;101(1): S179-86..