iosr-JDMS   Volume-25 ~ Issue-2 ~ February 2026

Abstract: Background: Mediastinal teratomas are rare congenital germ cell tumors derived from pluripotent embryonic cells and composed of elements from all three germ layers. Although most are mature and benign, large anterior mediastinal teratomas may lead to severe cardiorespiratory compromise due to compression of adjacent vital structures........

Key Word: mediastinal teratoma; pediatric mediastinal mass; cystic teratoma; anterior mediastinum; germ cell tumor; surgical resection; mediastinal mass syndrome.

[1]. Huang H., Chang P.C.Y., Yeh Y.T., Lin Y.H. Thoracoscopic Resection Of A Mediastinal Mature Cystic Teratoma In A Two-Month-Old Infant: A Case Report And Literature Review. Pediatr. Health, Med. Ther. 2025. 16:209-16.
[2]. Ghareeb A., Al Sharif F., Alyousbashi A., Dawarah M., Ghareeb A., Dalati H. Mediastinal Mature Cystic Teratoma In A Child: A Case Report Study. Int. J. Surg. Case Rep. 2023. 103:107904. Doi: 10.1016/J.Ijscr.2023.107904.[3].
Mansour S., Badr A., Mansour M., Badr M., Afif A. Et Al. Mature Mediastinal Teratoma With Adhesions To The Pericardium: A Rare Case Report. Clin. Case Rep. 2024. 12:E9552. Doi:10.1002/Ccr3.9552.
[4]. Sereke S.G., Oriekot A., Nalikka O., Magala J.P., Bongomin F. Mature Cystic Teratoma Of Anterior Mediastinum In A 4-Month-Old Infant: A Rare Case Report. Gen. Thor. Cardiovasc. Surg. 69(6):1016-21.
[5]. Mardani P., Kamran H., Ghaderpanah R., Geramizadeh B., Fouladi D. Et Al. A Massive Immature Mediastinal Teratoma Treated With Chemotherapy And Surgical Resection: A Case Report. J. Cardiothor. Surg. 2023. 18:294. Https://Doi.Org/10.1186/S13019-023-02389-W.

Abstract: Background: The human spleen is a highly vascular lymphatic organ supplied by the splenic artery, a branch of the celiac trunk of the abdominal aorta. It is tortuous and an end artery. The knowledge of the variational anatomy of the splenic artery is important for surgeons and radiologists to prevent iatrogenic complications. This study aimed to accurately identify the 3D view of segmental branches of the splenic artery by the use of silicone gel cast.......

Keywords : Splenic artery, Silicon cast, Polar artery, Segmental branches, Plastination.

[1]. Susan Standring.Gray’s Anatomy 41st Edition: Churchill Livingstone; 2016; P.1188.
[2]. Chaware PN, Belsare SM, Kulkarni YR, Pandit SV, Ughade JM. Variational Anatomy Of The Segmental Branches Of The Splenic Artery. J. Clin. Diagn. Res. 2012;6(3):336-8
[3]. Tenaw B, Muche A. Assessment Of Anatomical Variation Of Spleen In An Adult Human Cadaver And Its Clinical Implication: Ethiopian Cadaveric Study. Int J Anat Var 2018; 11:139-42.
[4]. Srividhya E, Rajapriya V. Variations In The Branching Pattern Of Coeliac Artery In Adult Human Cadavers Of Tamilnadu With Clinical And Embryological Relevance. Int J Anat Res. 2020;8(2.2): 7499-04.Doi.Org/ 10.16965/Òar.2020.145-9.
[5]. Sargon MF, Tatar İ. Plastination: Basic Principles And Methodology. Anatomy. 2014;8(1):13-8.

Abstract: Hypothyroidism is a chronic endocrine disorder characterized by gradual transitions between clinically distinct states over time, making it well suited for stochastic state-transition modelling. This study proposes a discrete-time Markov modelling framework to analyze and quantify the progression dynamics of hypothyroidism using a finite number of clinically relevant disease states. A three-state Markov model comprising subclinical hypothyroidism, treated hypothyroidism, and overt hypothyroidism is developed to capture short-term disease evolution. Transition probability matrices are constructed, and probability mass functions are derived for one-day and two-.....

Key Word: Hypothyroidism, Markov Model, Transition Probability Matrix, Disease Progression

[1]. Mclanahan ED, Andersen ME, Campbell JL, Fisher JW. Competitive Inhibition Of Thyroidal Uptake Of Dietary Iodide By
Perchlorate Does Not Describe Perturbations In Rat Serum Total T4 And TSH. Environ Health Perspect. 2009. May;117(5):731–8.
10.1289/Ehp.0800111
[2]. Celia Siu1 Et Al., (2017), “Characterization Of The Human Thyroid Epigenome”, Journal Of Endocrinology, 235:2, 153-164.
[3]. Dzierlenga MW, Allen BC, Ward PL, Clewell HJ 3rd, Longnecker MP. A Model Of Functional Thyroid Disease Status Over The
Lifetime. Plos One. 2019 Jul 18;14(7):E0219769. Doi: 10.1371/Journal.Pone.0219769. PMID: 31318913; PMCID: PMC6638952.
[4]. Lumen A, Mattie DR, Fisher JW. Evaluation Of Perturbations In Serum Thyroid Hormones During Human Pregnancy Due To Dietary
Iodide And Perchlorate Exposure Using A Biologically Based Dose-Response Model. Toxicol Sci. 2013. June;133(2):320–41.
10.1093/Toxsci/Kft078
[5]. Flynn RWV, Macdonald TM, Morris AD, Jung RT, Leese GP. The Thyroid Epidemiology, Audit, And Research Study: Thyroid
Dysfunction In The General Population. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004. August;89(8):3879–84. 10.1210/Jc.2003-032089

Abstract: Objective: Polymicrogyria (PMG) is a malformation of cortical development characterised by excessive small gyri and abnormal cortical lamination. Most cases present in childhood with developmental delay and early-onset seizures. Adult-onset PMG with new seizures and minimal neurological deficits is rare and often under-recognised. Case Presentation: A 50-year-old right-handed male presented with two episodes of unprovoked, generalised tonic-clonic.....

Keywords: polymicrogyria; adult-onset epilepsy; malformation of cortical development; MRI; focal seizures

[1]. Leventer RJ, Jeste V, Vespignani H, Et Al. Clinical And Imaging Heterogeneity Of Polymicrogyria: A Study Of 328 Patients. Brain. 2010;133(5):1415-1427. Doi:10.1093/Brain/Awq062
[2]. Guerrini R, Dobyns WB. Malformations Of Cortical Development: Clinical Features And Genetic Causes. Lancet Neurol. 2014;13(9):883-893. Doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(14)70142-8
[3]. Stutterd CA, Leventer RJ. Polymicrogyria: Pathology, Fetal Origins And Mechanisms. Acta Neuropathol Commun. 2014;2:100. Doi:10.1186/S40478-014-0100-2
[4]. Kolbjer H, Saarinen T, Gissler M, Et Al. Polymicrogyria: Epidemiology, Imaging, And Clinical Aspects In A Population-Based Cohort. Brain Commun. 2023;5(4):Fcad213. Doi:10.1093/Braincomms/Fcad213
[5]. Kerr ML, Jain K, Mayr V, Et Al. Polymicrogyria-Associated Epilepsy: A Multi-Center Phenotypic Study From The Epilepsy Phenome/Genome Project. Epilepsia. 2014;55(9):1376-1388. Doi:10.1111/Epi.12698.

Abstract: Adolescence as the period between 10 and 19 years of age with rapid physical, cognitive, social, and emotional maturing as the boy prepares for manhood and girl prepares for womanhood. Adolescents are vulnerable by virtue of the normal development process. Biological changes that take place during puberty to include other major changes that occur at varying rates. These include changes in sexual characteristics, body image, sexual interest, career development, intellectual development and self-concept. Role changes increasing the vulnerability. A study is designed to find out the Benefits of yoga on psychosocial well being among adolescents at selected school in Madurai and to find out the association between their selected demographic variables. A quantitative research.........

Keywords: yoga, psychosocial well being, adolescents

[1]. Shweta Shalini, Shubhra A.(2021) Assessment Of Status Of Psychological Well-Being And Its Determinants Among Adolescent School Students Residing In Raipur City, Chhattisgarh. International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health Community Med Public Health. 2021 May;8(5):2394-2400.
[2]. Maria Llistosel (2023) Effectiveness Of Resilience-Based Interventions In Schools For Adolescents: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis
[3]. B. L. Smith, J. A. Taylor(2023) Conducted A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis On The Effectiveness Of Resilience-Based Interventions In Schools For Adolescents. Published In The Journal Frontiers In Psychology On October 6, 2023.
[4]. Dr. Pardeep Kumar Mishra (2022) Yoga’s Role In Fostering Psycho-Social Wellness, Journal Of Sports Science And Nutrition 2022; 3(2): 244-246
[5]. Ingunn Hagen (2022) Conducted A Qualitative Study On Promoting Mental Health And Wellbeing In Schools The Impact Of Yoga On Young People's Relaxation And Stress Levels. Frontiers In Psychology, 14, 1083028..

Abstract: Vitamin A is a fat‑soluble micronutrient that is essential for vision, immunity and adequate growth. Its deficiency can result in xerophthalmia, wasting, severe anemia, infectious morbidity, and an increased risk of mortality. In developing countries, the single most frequent cause of blindness among school children is Vitamin A deficiency (xerophthalmia). A study is designed to find out the Effectiveness of child to child approach on knowledge regarding prevention of vitamin A deficiency among middle school children in a selected school Madurai and to find out the association between their selected demographic variables. A quantitative approach and pre experimental........

Keywords: Effectiveness, child to child, vitamin A, middle school children

[1]. Sanjivani A, Ms. Vaishali J, Effect Of Health Teaching Regarding Vitamin A Deficiency In Children On Knowledge Of Mothers Residing In Selected Areas. Journal Of Pharmaceutical Negative Results 2022; 13: Special Issue 6; DOI:10.47750
[2]. Roslin M, Kumudhavalli.D, Karthi.R. Effectiveness Of Structured Teaching Program On Knowledge And Attitude Regarding Vitamin A Deficiency And Its Prophylaxis Among Mothers Of Under Five Children At Selected Village At Tamilnadu. International Journal Of Research And Review 2021;8: 9; DOI: 10.52403
[3]. Song P, Adeloye D, Li S, Zhao D, Ye X, Pan Q, Qiu Y, Zhang R, Rudan I; Global Health Epidemiology Research Group (GHERG). The Prevalence Of Vitamin A Deficiency And Its Public Health Significance In Children In Low- And Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review And Modelling Analysis. J Glob Health. 2023 Aug 11;13:04084. Doi: 10.7189/Jogh.13.04084. PMID: 37565390; PMCID: PMC10416138.
[4]. Koshi PH. A Study To Evaluate The Effectiveness Of Child-To-Child Approach On Knowledge Regarding Good Touch And Bad Touch Among School Age Children In Selected Schools At Kanyakumari District. International Journal Of Advance Research In Nursing. 2024; 10.33545
[5]. Nimitha K.M, Deepthi PM, Effectiveness Of Child To Child Approach And Traditional Education On Prevention Of Worm Infestation Among Primary School Children, Malappuram District.International Journal Of All Research Education & Scientific Methods,2022; Volume 10:100-103. DOI: 2455-6211.

Abstract: Materials and Methods: – It is a descriptive cross-sectional survey-based study, conducted among 109 dental specialist including prosthodontist, periodontist, oral-surgeons and general dentists with implant training. A structured questionnaire comprising 21 multiple choice questions was distributed electronically (Google Forms). Data was analyzed and results were expressed as percentages. Results: The results of this survey.......

Keywords: Implant dentistry; Prosthodontist; Periodontist; Oral-surgeon; General dentist

[1]. Elbanna L, Bokhari SA, Panjwani M, Mahrukh, Hanumanthu R, Madireddi P, Singh S. Fundamentals Of Dental Implantology: A Comprehensive Review. Sch J Dent Oral Health. 2025;10(8):1-9. Doi:10.36348/Sjodr. 2025.V10i08.001.
[2]. Rana A, Srivastava S, Chaturvedi A, Saxena S, Jaiswa H. Dental Implant Failures And Its Management. Int J Res Anal Rev. 2024;11(3):209-215.
[3]. Al-Bayati, S. A. A. F., Rana, D., Srinivasan, D., Pradeep, C., Shanmugaavel, K. A., & Reddy, M. S. (2025). Bone Augmentation In Oral Implantology: A Systematic Review. Journal Of Pharmacy And Bioallied Sciences, 17(Suppl 2), S1124-S1127. Https://Doi.Org/10.4103/Jpbs.Jpbs_1755_24
[4]. Kochar SP, Reche A, Paul P. The Etiology And Management Of Dental Implant Failure: A Review. Cureus. 2022 Oct 19;14(10):E30455. Doi: 10.7759/Cureus.30455. PMID: 36415394; PMCID: PMC9674049.
[5]. Murdoch AIK, Blum J, Chen J, Baziotis-Kalfas D, Dao A, Bai K, Bekheet M, Atwal N, Cho SSH, Ganhewa M, Cirillo N. Determinants Of Clinical Decision Making Under Uncertainty In Dentistry: A Scoping Review. Diagnostics. 2023;13(6):10-76.

Abstract: Introduction: Caesarean section is one of the most common obstetric surgeries that can be performed either as an elective one or as an emergency due to maternal or fetal complications. Complications, such as wound infection, haemorrhage, and anaemia, that arise shortly after the operation can be a reason for an extended hospital stay and delayed recovery. Through this paper, the authors tried to find out whether there are differences in the early post......

Keywords: Post-Operative Complications, Elective Caesarean Sections, Emergency Caesarean Sections

[1]. Betrán AP, Ye J, Moller AB, Zhang J, Gülmezoglu AM, Torloni MR. The increasing trend in caesarean section rates: global, regional and national estimates: 1990-2014. PloS one. 2016 Feb 5;11(2):e0148343.
[2]. Programme WH. WHO Statement on caesarean section rates. Reproductive health matters. 2015 May;23(45):149-50.
[3]. Souza JP, Gülmezoglu AM, Lumbiganon P, Laopaiboon M, Carroli G, Fawole B, Ruyan P, WHO Global Survey on Maternal and Perinatal Health Research Group. Caesarean section without medical indications is associated with an increased risk of adverse short-term maternal outcomes: the 2004-2008 WHO Global Survey on Maternal and Perinatal Health. BMC medicine. 2010 Nov 10;8(1):71.
[4]. Allen VM, O’Connell CM, Liston RM, Baskett TF. Maternal morbidity associated with cesarean delivery without labor compared with spontaneous onset of labor at term. Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2003 Sep 1;102(3):477-82.
[5]. Wloch C, Wilson J, Lamagni T, Harrington P, Charlett A, Sheridan E. Risk factors for surgical site infection following caesarean section in England: results from a multicentre cohort study. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2012 Oct;119(11):1324-33

Abstract: Background: To compare patient-reported experiences of orthodontic treatment with clear aligners versus fixed braces across domains of pain, esthetic perception, functional impact, treatment process, and overall satisfaction. Material and methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study assessing self-reported orthodontic treatment experiences using standardized ordinal scales. Data were collected from 73 orthodontic patients undergoing active.......

Keywords: aligner; fixed orthodontic appliance

[1]. Almeida AB De, Leite ICG, Melgaço CA, Marques LS. Dissatisfaction With Dentofacial Appearance And The Normative Need For Orthodontic Treatment: Determinant Factors. Dent Press J Orthod. 2014;19(3):120–6.
[2]. Schmahl T, Steinhäuser J, Goetz K. Association Between Orthodontic Treatment And Psychosocial Factors In Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study. Eur J Orthod. 2024 Dec 4;47(1):Cjae082.
[3]. Firestone AR, Scheurer PA, Bürgin WB. Patients’ Anticipation Of Pain And Pain-Related Side Effects, And Their Perception Of Pain As A Result Of Orthodontic Treatment With Fixed Appliances. Eur J Orthod. 1999 Aug;21(4):387–96.
[4]. Ruan C, Xiong J, Li Z, Zhu Y, Cai Q. Study On Decision-Making For Orthodontic Treatment Plans Based On Analytic Hierarchy Process. BMC Oral Health. 2024 Apr 24;24(1):488.
[5]. Manjith CM, Karnam SK, Manglam S, Praveen MN, Mathur A. Oral Health-Related Quality Of Life (Ohqol) Among Adolescents Seeking Orthodontic Treatment. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2012 May 1;13(3):294–8.

Abstract: Background: Meniscal tears are common in young, active patients and are important for long-term knee health because the menisci protect cartilage and maintain joint mechanics; even partial tissue loss can accelerate degeneration. Current practice, therefore prioritizes meniscal repair when feasible, and the inside-out technique remains a versatile, cost-efficient option. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at NITOR, Dhaka, Bangladesh from July, 2024 to June, 2025 and enrolled.......

Keywords: Inside-out meniscal repair, Arthroscopy, and Meniscal tear

[1]. Mameri ES, Dasari SP, Fortier LM, Verdejo FG, Gursoy S, Yanke AB, Chahla J. Review of meniscus anatomy and biomechanics. Current reviews in musculoskeletal medicine. 2022 Oct;15(5):323-35.
[2]. Mordecai SC, Al-Hadithy N, Ware HE, Gupte CM. Treatment of meniscal tears: an evidence-based approach. World journal of orthopedics. 2014 Jul 18;5(3):233.
[3]. Vaquero-Picado A, Rodríguez-Merchán EC. Arthroscopic repair of the meniscus: surgical management and clinical outcomes. EFORT open reviews. 2018 Nov 8;3(11):584-94.
[4]. Bansal S, Floyd ER, A Kowalski M, Aikman E, Elrod P, Burkey K, Chahla J, LaPrade RF, Maher SA, Robinson JL, Patel JM. Meniscal repair: the current state and recent advances in augmentation. Journal of Orthopaedic Research®. 2021 Jul;39(7):1368-82.
[5]. Weber J, Koch M, Angele P, Zellner J. The role of meniscal repair for prevention of early onset of osteoarthritis. Journal of experimental orthopaedics. 2018 Apr 2;5(1):10..

Abstract: Introduction: Primary amenorrhea is when the menarche does not occur by 16 years of age in the presence of normal secondary sexual characteristics, or by 14 years in their absence. It is an uncommon presentation in gynaecology with diverse aetiologies. This often indicates some underlying disorders of the hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian axis or an abnormality of the reproductive tract. It is essential to identify these concerns early in life as they affect sexual maturity, fertility and.......

[1]. Master-Hunter T, Heiman DL. Amenorrhea: Evaluation And Treatment. Am Fam Physician. 2006;73(8):1374–1382.
[2]. Reindollar RH. Primary Amenorrhea: Investigation, Management, And Prognosis. Fertil Steril. 2003;80(5):1264–1273.
[3]. Griffin JE, Edwards C, Madden JD, Harrod MJ, Wilson JD. Congenital Absence Of The Vagina: The Mayer–Rokitansky–Küster–Hauser Syndrome. Ann Intern Med. 1976;85(2):224–236.
[4]. Morcel K, Camborieux L, Guerrier D. Mayer–Rokitansky–Küster–Hauser (MRKH) Syndrome. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2007;2:13.
[5]. Bondy CA. Turner Syndrome 2008. Horm Res. 2009;71(Suppl 1):52–56..