iosr-JCE  Volume-28 ~ Issue-5 ~ Sep. - Oct. 2026

Abstract: Independent mobility remains a major challenge for persons with visual impairment, particularly in low-resource and linguistically diverse environments where sophisticated assistive technologies and reliable internet connectivity may be limited. This study presents the design and performance evaluation of a low-cost, offline-capable multilingual IoT-enabled smart cane for assistive navigation. The prototype integrates an ESP32 DevKit V1 microcontroller.....

Key Word: Smart cane; Assistive navigation; Multilingual speech; Natural Language Processing; Internet of Things (IoT).

[1]. Adebara, I., Elmadany, A., & Abdul-Mageed, M. (2024). Cheetah: Natural language generation for 517 African languages. Proceedings of the 62nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL 2024).
[2]. DeRenzi, B., Dixon, A., Farhi, M. A., & Resch, C. (2025). Synthetic voice data for automatic speech recognition in African languages. Proceedings of the First Workshop on Advancing NLP for Low-Resource Languages, 152–186.
[3]. Imam, S. H., Sani, B., Gete, D. K., Ahmed, B. Y., Ahmad, I. S., Abdulmumin, I., Yimam, S. M., Bello, M. Y., & Muhammad, S. H. (2025). Automatic speech recognition for African low-resource languages: Challenges and future directions. Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on African Natural Language Processing (AfricaNLP 2025), 89–94.
[4]. Katumba, A. (2025). Building text-to-speech models for low-resourced languages from crowdsourced data. Applied AI Letters.
[5]. Okolo, G. I., Althobaiti, T., & Ramzan, N. (2025). Smart assistive navigation system for visually impaired people. Journal of Disability Research.

Abstract: A two-dimensional model is presented to compare blood flow in a reference artery and an artery with eccentric stenosis. LDL dynamics serve as the conceptual background; the artery's asymmetric contour was digitized and used to construct the finite element domain. The Navier-Stokes equations for an incompressible fluid were applied; blood was modeled as a Newtonian fluid with a density of 1060 kg/m³ and a viscosity of 0.0035 Pa·s. Boundary conditions included a mean velocity of 0.12 m/s, a no-slip condition at the walls, and zero gauge pressure at the outlet. A triangular mesh was applied separately to..

Key Word: Intrathecal; Hemodynamics; arterial stenosis; atherosclerosis; finite element method; Navier-Stokes; computational fluid dynamics.

[1] Formaggia, L., Quarteroni, A. y Veneziani, A. (Eds.). Cardiovascular Mathematics: Modeling and Simulation of the Circulatory System. Springer, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-1152-6
[2] Quarteroni, A., Manzoni, A. y Vergara, C. The cardiovascular system: Mathematical modelling, numerical algorithms and clinical applications. Acta Numerica, 26, 365–590, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0962492917000046
[3] Gijsen, F. J. H., van de Vosse, F. N. y Janssen, J. D. The influence of the non-Newtonian properties of blood on the flow in large arteries. Journal of Biomechanics, 32(6), 601–608, 1999. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9290(99)00015-9
[4] Stamou, A. C. et al. A comparison of Newtonian and non-Newtonian models for blood flow simulations. Fluids, 8(10), 282, 2023. https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids8100282
[5] Libby, P. The changing landscape of atherosclerosis. Nature, 592, 524–533, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03392-8
[6] Borén, J. et al. Low-density lipoproteins cause atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: pathophysiological, genetic, and therapeutic

Abstract: Background: Liver cirrhosis is a high burden disease with wide spectrum of etiology. It has significant morbidity and is an important cause of premature death. It requires multiple approach in treating cirrhosis and its complications. Hemostatic derangement and altered systemic inflammations in cirrhosis contribute to its pathophysiology and complications. Hyper fibrinolytic feature in hemostatic alteration often gets unnoticed which could be an important factor leading to coagulopathy and bleeding tendency. D-Dimer a fibrinolytic marker can be an asset to sought out this aspect in cirrhosis. It can also act as an individual marker with prognostic value for cirrhosis......

[1]. Andus, T., Bauer, J., & Gerok, W. (1991). Effects of cytokines on the liver. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 13(2), 364–375. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.1840130226
[2]. Anthony, P.P., Ishak, K.G., Nayak, N.C., Poulsen, H.E., Scheuer, P.J. and Sobin, L.H. (1977). The morphology of cirrhosis: definition, nomenclature, and classification. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 55(4), p.521. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2366674/pdf/bullwho00447-0087.pdf (Accessed:10.03.2024)
[3]. Balaceanu, L.A. and Dina, I. (2024). D-dimers in advanced liver cirrhosis: useful biomarker or not? The American Journal of the Medical Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjms.2024.05.017
[4]. Bao, W., Qi, X., Li, H., Hou, F., Zhang, X., Wang, R. and Guo, X. (2017). Correlation of D-dimer level with the inflammatory conditions: a retrospective study. AME Medical Journal, 2(3).
[5]. https://amj.amegroups.org/article/view/3697 (Accessed:04.03.2024)

Abstract: Domestic accidents constitute an important source of preventable injury and may require immediate first-aid intervention before professional medical care is available. Artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled conversational systems offer a potential mechanism for delivering accessible first-aid guidance; however, their reliability, transparency, and ability to correctly identify accident scenarios remain important concerns. This study developed and evaluated......

Key Word: Explainable Artificial Intelligence, chatbot, first aid, domestic accidents, emergency care, natural language processing

[1]. American Red Cross guidelines for first aid. Circulation, 150(24), e519–e579. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000001281
[2]. Aziz, N. A., Manzoor, A., Qureshi, M. D. M., Qureshi, M. A., & Rashwan, W. (2024). Explainable AI in healthcare: Systematic review of clinical decision support systems. medRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.08.10.24311735
[3]. Birkun, A. A., & Gautam, A. (2024). Large language model-based chatbot as a source of advice on first aid in heart attack. Current Problems in Cardiology, 49(1, Pt. A), 102048. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102048
[4]. Buowari, D. Y., & Ikpae, B. E. (2022). Domestic accidents among children: A review of cases and prevention strategies. Nigerian Journal of Medicine, 63(6), 474–479.
[5]. Eke, C. S., & Shuib, L. (2025). The role of explainability and transparency in fostering trust in AI healthcare systems: A systematic literature review, open issues and p

Abstract: Microservices architecture breaks a large software system into a set of smaller services that can be developed, deployed, and scaled independently. These services, however, need to communicate with one another frequently across a network. As a result, the inter-service communication protocol can have a noticeable effect on latency, throughput, resource consumption, and the ability of the system to scale.
This paper presents a comparative performance study of five commonly used communication mechanisms in microservices: REST over HTTP/1.1 with JSON, gRPC over HTTP/2 with Protocol Buffers, GraphQL, and the asynchronous.....

Key Word: Microservices architecture; inter-service communication; REST; gRPC; GraphQL; RabbitMQ; Apache Kafka; AMQP; latency; throughput; performance evaluation; distributed systems.

[1] M. Niswar, R. A. Safruddin, A. Bustamin, and I. Aswad, "Performance evaluation of microservices communication with REST, GraphQL, and gRPC," International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications, vol. 70, no. 2, pp. 429–436, 2024.
[2] "Impact of Protocol Selection on Performance and Scalability in Microservices: A Comparison of gRPC, REST, and GraphQL," preprint, 2025.
[3] "Comparative Analysis of RESTful, GraphQL, and gRPC APIs: Performance Insight from Load and Stress Testing," 2025.
[4] "Performance Evaluation of REST, GraphQL, and gRPC: API Protocol Comparison," 2026.
[5] P. Dobbelaere and K. S. Esmaili, "Kafka versus RabbitMQ: A comparative study of two distributed messaging frameworks," in Proc. IEEE International Conference on Cloud Engineering (IC2E), 2017, pp. 227–238

Abstract: Cervical and breast cancers remain among the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide, with a disproportionate burden in low- and middle-income countries such as Nigeria, where late presentation, weak referral pathways, and limited access to oncological expertise hinder early detection. This study presents a hybridized mobile-application and machine learning system for the predictive and diagnostic screening of breast and cervical cancer, integrated with a structured herbal-treatment knowledge base, developed using Okposi, a rural.....

Keywords: Breast cancer; Cervical cancer; Machine learning; Mobile health; Herbal treatment; Support Vector Machine; XGBoost

[1]. Akingbola, A., Adegbesan, A., Ojo, O., Otumara, J. U., and Alao, U. H. (2024). Artificial intelligence and cancer care in Africa. Journal of Medicine, Surgery, and Public Health, 3, 100132.
[2]. Arendse, K. D., Baby, G. A., Maramba, T., Moodley, J., Walter, F. M., and Scott, S. E. (2025). Implementation of mHealth to support cancer diagnosis in Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review. African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine, 17(1), 4683.
[3]. Ayón, C. (2018). Unpacking immigrant health: Policy, stress, and demographics. Race and Social Problems, 10, 171–173.
[4]. Chowdhury, M. E. H., Rahman, T., Khandakar, A., Al Maadeed, S., and Musharavati, F. (2021). AI-driven smartphone app for cancer risk prediction in low-income settings. Healthcare Analytics, 1–2, 100001.
[5]. Cuevas-Cianca, S. I., Romero-Castillo, C., Gálvez-Romero, J. L., Juárez, Z. N., and Hernández, L. R. (2023). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds from edible plants with anti-cancer activity and their potential use as drugs. Molecules, 28(3), 1488.

Abstract: A family of modified Newton methods for calculating a simple root of a nonlinear equation is presented. These methods employ symmetric means and achieve cubic convergence, requiring fewer iterations than the classical Newton method in the examples studied.
Background: Newton's method is a widely studied technique for solving nonlinear equations; it exhibits quadratic convergence. Although it generally converges rapidly, there are cases where convergence is linear meaning it is slower. Various modifications aim to increase its speed through higher-order iterative procedures. Materials and Methods: Newton's method is a widely studied technique for solving nonlinear equations; it exhibits quadratic convergence....

Keywords: Nonlinear equations, Newton's method, symmetric means, cubic convergence, iterative methods

[1]. E.M. Gutiérrez Armenta, M. del M. Gutiérrez Armenta, D.L. Gutiérrez Mata, M.A.Gutiérrez Villegas, J.N.Gutiérrez Villegas e I.I. Gutiérrez Villegas, “demostración del orden de convergencia del método de Newtom y de Steffensen para aproximar una raíz simple”, Memorias de la Escuela Superior de Física y Matemáticas, núm. 24, 223-225, 2019. ISSN 2594-1011.
[2]. Weerakoon y T.G.I. Fernando, “A variant of Newton´s method with accelerated third-order convergerce”, Applied Mathematics Letters, vol.13, núm. 8, pp.87-93, 2000. doi:10.1016/S0893-9659(00)00100-2.
[3]. I.M. Izmirli, “An elementary proof of the mean inequalities”, Advances in Pure Mathematics, vol. 3, núm 3, pp.331-334, 2013. doi: 10.4236/apm.201333047
[4]. J.K. Merikoski, M.H. Haahtela y T. Tossavainen, “Means and the mean value teorem”, International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, vol.40, núm.6,pp.729-740,2009 doi: 10.1080/00207390902825328
[5] . J.F. Traub, Iterative Methods for the Solution of Equations. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice- Hall, 1964.