IOSR-JAP   Volume-7 ~ Issue-3 ~ May-June 2015

ABSTRACT: This review is the impact of four forces in our daily life (gravity, electromagnetic, weak and strong force) and the approach of uniting them. It was shown that all the forces of nature are identical when the Universe was young. They are not different rather than the vibrating of the tiny string which split and give four forces and the kaluza Klein approach of uniting (Einstein and Maxwell Field) i.e. gravity and electromagnetic waves at fifth dimension.

Keywords: Four forces, Daily life, Approach of uniting them (Gravity, Electromagnetic Weak and Strong force)

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ABSTRACT: In this study, data on the concentration of heavy metals in surface water were extracted from existing Environmental Impact Assessment [EIA] reports and used for the assessment. Analyses of the datasets revealed that, the quality of some of the surface water have been degraded by excessive amounts of heavy metals. This is a threat to riverine ecology, food and water security. The paper concludes that because EIA studies and reports are usually based on standardized procedures and Methodologies and are usually carried out by experts/consultants in relevant fields as recommended by regulatory agencies and/or required by legislation and paid for by proponents/owners of projects, it is a cheap, cost-effective and reliable source of data for environmental monitoring and management.
Keywords- Heavy metals, surface water, Environmental Impact Assessment, food and water security

[1]. H. C. C. Maduka, Water pollution and man's health. The Internet Journal of Gastroenterology. 4.(1) 2006, 1-11.
[2]. G.A. Obodo, The bio-accumulation of heavy metals in fish from the lower reaches of river Niger J. Chem 27(2), 2002,173-76.
[3]. M. J. Kosneth, Heavy metal intoxication, in B. Katzung (ed), Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 8th ed. (New York: Lary Med. Bks/McGraw Hill, (2001).
[4]. Ukpong, I. 2009. 'Introduction to Nigeria's Environmental Policy'. Perspectives on Environmental Management. Imoh E. Ukpong (ed.), Enugu-Nigeria: Immaculate publications Limited.
[5]. Udosen, E. 2009. 'Environmental Impact Evaluation and Assessment', Perspectives on Environmental Management. Imoh E. Ukpong (ed.), Enugu-Nigeria: Immaculate publications Limited.

ABSTRACT: Glasses of the system Se100-xInx (where x= 0, 6, 16, 21 at %) were prepared by the usual melt quenching technique. The amorphous nature of this system was identified using x-ray diffraction. The a.c conductivity (𝜎) 𝑜𝑓𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚 has been investigated in the frequency range 200 Hz – 10 kHz, and in the temperature range 292 – 374 K. The temperature dependence of ( 𝜎) for all tested values of x was reasonable and interpreted using correlated hopping model(CHM). The density of states N (E) was calculated and found to be 1027 m-3. Using Austin and Mott model. The dielectric constant and the dielectric loss decrease as the frequency increases at constant temperature. On the other hand the dielectric constant and the dielectric loss were increased as the temperature increased at a constant frequency.

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