Volume-17 ~ Issue-8 ~ August 2024

Abstract: Background: The cocoa (Theobroma cacao) shell has no specific technical use, and it could be used to prepare activated carbon (AC). The AC represents a feasible adsorbent substrate for the removal of heavy metals, organic and inorganic compounds from solutions. In this work, the formation of crystalline phases due to the activation process in activated carbon obtained from cocoa shell is reported. Materials and Methods: In this work, cocoa (Theobroma cacao) shells were used as a low-cost precursor for production of activated carbons. The raw materials were carbonized at 300 °C and 350°C. The activation process was realized using H3PO4 and KOH at two activation temperatures (500 °C and 600 °C) during 1 h. The started materials were analyzed by the Proximate analysis, as well as, TGA/DSC analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, RAMAN spectroscopy and XRD technique. The crystalline phases in the final compounds were solved by the XRD technique........

Keywords: Activated Carbon; Cocoa shell; Activation process; XRD; Crystalline phases.

[1]. Tagne- Tiegam Rf, Tchuifon-Tchuifon Dr, Santagata R, Kouteu-Nanssou Pa, Gabche-Anagho S, Ionel I, Ulgiati S. Production Of Activated Carbon From Cocoa Pods: Investigating Benefits And Environmental Impacts Through Analytical Chemistry Techniques And Life Cycle Assessment. Journal Of Cleaner Production. 2021; 288,15, 125465
[2]. Husien Sh, El-Taweel Rm, Salim Ai, Fahim Is, Said La, Radwan Ag. Review Of Activated Carbon Adsorbent Material For Textile Dyes Removal: Preparation, And Modelling. Current Research In Green And Sustainable Chemistry. 2022; 5, 100325.
[3]. Njewa Jb, Vunain E, Biswick T. Synthesis And Characterization Of Activated Carbons Prepared From Agro-Wastes By Chemical Activation. Journal Of Chemistry. 2022; 9975444.
[4]. Licona-Aguilar Ai, Lois-Correa Ja, Torres-Huerta Am, Domínguez-Crespo Ma, Dorantes-Rosales Hj, García-Zaleta Ds. Sugarcane Bagasse-, Orange Peel-Derived Adsorbent Materials: Thermal And Morphological Studies. Journal Of Nanoscience And Nanotechnology. 2020; 20, 1-11.
[5]. Delángelmeraz E, Pantoja-Castro Ma, Cruz-Pérez Ae. Synthesis And Characterization Of Activated Carbon Made From Coconut Shell. Iosr Journal Of Applied Chemistry (Iosr-Jac)- 2019; 12,3, 83-87.

Abstract: The study titled 'Comparative Analysis of Periodic Table Comprehension and Academic Rigor in Chemistry Education: A Study of UAE and Indian High School Students' focuses on evaluating the chemistry education of high school students in the UAE and India, particularly examining their understanding of the periodic table and their academic rigor. The research sample consisted of 14 students from both urban and rural settings in India and the UAE........

Keywords: Periodic table, Education System, UAE, India, CBSE, Chemistry Education

[1] Akinoso, S. O., Olafare, F. O., Aliyu, R. T., & Agoro, A. A. (2016). Mathematics And Chemistry An Inseparable Companion In Science And Technology Education. Ibadan Journal Of Educational Studies. 13 (1) 119, 129.
[2] Cao, C., Vernon, R. E., Schwarz, W. E., & Li, J. (2021). Understanding Periodic And Non-Periodic Chemistry In Periodic Tables. Frontiers In Chemistry, 8, 813.
[3] Cardellini, L. (2012). Chemistry: Why The Subject Is Difficult?. Educación Química, 23, 305-310.
[4] Ferjencik, M., & Jalovy, Z. (2010). What Can Be Learned From Incidents In Chemistry Labs. Journal Of Loss Prevention In The Process Industries, 23(5), 630-636.
[5] Scerri, E. R. (2011). A Review Of Research On The History And Philosophy Of The Periodic Table Una Revisión De Investigaciones Sobre La Historia Y La Filosofía De La Tabla Periódica. J. Sci. Educ., 12, 4-7..

Abstract: In this research work, cellulose nanoparticles (CNPs) were synthesized from C. papaya barks and characterized using SEM, TGA, XRD and FTIR. The analysis revealed a highly textured surface morphology characterized by closely packed spherical structures similar to carbon fullerene with notable empty cavities. The nanoparticles exhibit remarkable stability, retaining 99.7 % of its weight up to approximately 98 °C but degrade up to 78.90 % at 320 °C with a residual weight of 10.40 %. XRD of the nanoparticles showed two major diffraction peaks at 2θ = 22 º and 35......

Keywords: Cellulose, Carica papaya, nanoparticles, biomaterial and biomass

[1] Ankamwar B., Damle C., Ahmad A. And Sastry M. (2005). Biosynthesis Of Gold And Silver Nanoparticles Using Emblica Officinalis Fruit Extract, Their Phase Transfer And Transmetallation In An Organic Solution. Journal Of Nanosci. Nanotechnol, 5: 1665-1671.
[2] Asrofi, M., Abral, H., Kasim A. And Pratoto A. (2017). A. Xrd And Ftir Studies Of Nanocrystalline Cellulose From Water Hyacinth (Eichorniacrassipes) Fibre. Journal Of Metastabilized Nanocrystalline Materilals. 29(22): 9–16.
[3] Banica, F. G. (2012). Chemical Sensors And Biosensors; Fundamentals And Applications. Chichester, Uk: John Willey & Sons. Pp. 576.
[4] Cao,W.; Li, J.; Martí-Rossellò, T. And Zhang, X. (2019). Experimental Study On The Ignition Characteristics Of Cellulose, Hemicellulose, Lignin And Their Mixtures. J. Energy Inst., 92(12): 1303–1312.
[5] Chang D. And Song Y. (2010). Estimates Of Biomass Burning Emissions In Tropical Asia Based On Satellite-Derived Data. Atmospheric Chemistry And Physics, 10(5): 2335-2351..

Abstract: In this research work, cellulose was isolated from corn cobs, a solid agricultural waste and used to prepare nanocellulose which was characterized using SEM, TGA, XRD and FTIR. The results from SEM analysis showed that the nanoparticles from this source are amorphous with porous surfaces. The TGA showed that the nanoparticles decomposed on heating in three phases; the zone of loss of volatile organic compounds, the zone of loss of water of crystallization and the zone of decomposition of the nanocellulose. The XRD showed two major diffraction peaks at........

Keywords: Corncobs, Nanocellulose, Solid waste, Isolation and Cellulose

...

Abstract: DNA encodes the genetic information responsible for the development and functioning of living organisms. In a seminal work, Watson and Crick 1 proposed that the structure of DNA is composed by two nucleotide chains organized in double-helix manner around an axis, stabilized by hydrogen bonds formed between the canonical purine and pyrimidine bases: adenine-thymine (AT) and cytosine- guanine (CG). Therefore, the genetic code is stored in the form of hydrogen bonded nucleic acid bases. Nonetheless, it is known, nowadays, that external factors, like the presence of surrounding water molecules, also have a role in the stability and structure of the double helix2,3......

[1] Watson, J.; Crick, F. Nature 1953, 171, 964.
[2] Rueda, M.; Kalko, S.; Luque, F. Orzoco, M. J.Am.Chem.Soc.2003, 125, 8007.
[3] Rueda, M.; Kalko, S.; Luque, F. Orzoco, M. J.Am.Chem.Soc.2006, 128, 3608.
[4] Rein, R. (1978) In Intermolecular Interactions: From Diatomics To Biopolymers, Pullman, B., Ed., John Wiley & Sons, New York, Pp. 307-362.
[5] Forner, W., Otto, P. & Ladik, J. (1984) Chem.Phys.86, 49-56.

Abstract: Sodium diphenyltin (IV) dodecanedioate (SDD),......

Key Word: Synthesis, Diphenyyltin (IV) dodecaredioate, Corrosion inhibition, Mild Steel, Kinetic parameters

[1]. Ijuo G. A., Ukoha P. O., Igoli J. O. (2024). Utilization Of Eastern Nigerian Propolis Extract For Synthesis Of Corrosion Inhibitive Sil Program (Ncep) Expert Panel On Detection, Evaluation, And Treatment Of Highblood Cholesterol In Adults (Adult Treatment Panel Iii) Finalreport. Circulation. 2002;106(25, Article 3143).
[2]. Fazal B. R.; Becker T.; Kinsella B.; Lepkova K. A Review Of Plant Extracts As Green Corrosion Inhibitors For Co2 Corrosion Of Carbon Steel. Npj Mater Degrad. 2022, 6, 5. Https://Doi.Org/10.1038/S41529-021-00201-5
[3]. Fouda1, A. S.; El-Desoky, H. S.; Abdel-Galeil, M. A.; Mansour, D. Niclosamide And Dichlorphenamide: New And Effective Corrosion Inhibitors For Carbon Steel In 1m Hcl Solution. Sn App Sci. 2021, 3, 287, Https://Doi.Org/10.1007/S42452-021-04155-W
[4]. Asafa, T.B.; Durowoju, M.O.; Madingwaneng, K.P.; Diouf, S.; Sadiku, E.R.; Shongwe, M.B.; Olubami, P.A.; Ismail, O.S.; Ajala, M.T.; Oladosun, K.O. Gr-Al Composite Reinforced With Si3n4 And Sic Particles For Enhanced Microhardness And Reduced Thermal Expansion. Appl. Sci. 2020, 1026. Https://Doi.Org/10.1007/S42452-020-2838-5
[5]. Odewole, O.A.; Ibeji, C.U.; Oluwasola, H.O.; Oyeneyin O.E.; Akpomie K.G.; Ugwu C.M.; Ugwu C.G.; Bakare T.E. Synthesis And Anti-Corrosive Potential Of Schiff Bases Derived 4-Nitrocinnamaldehyde For Mild Steel In Hcl Medium: Experimental And Dft Studies. J Mol Struct, 2021, 1223:129214. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Molstruc.2020.129214

Abstract: Clayal soil of study area with a pH of more than 8.5 are classified as alkaline soils. The higher pH is caused by high quantities of salt, magnesium and calcium. Furthermore hard water can cause the pH of soils to rise to alkaline proportions. Chemically the soil of CCA is rich in lime, iron, magnesium and alumina. In this way the aim of this work was to study the interpreted to make ease to understood with clear predictions, distribution classification and assumptions of the entire data's mutual relation.

Key Word: Equilibrium Constant, Kinetic parameter, Enthalpy changes, Free energy changes, Entropy changes.

[1] Anand Et Al (2018) – "Factorial Design For Process Optimization And Generation Of Kinetic Data For Yittrium And Europium Leaching" – Mineral Processing And Extracting Metallurgy Journal- V(130) I(1) P(1-9).
[2] Bassioni Ghada Et Al (2012) – "Risk Assessment Of Using Aluminum Foil In Food Preparation" – Int. Journal Electrochem. Sci. – V(7) P(4498-4509).
[3] Chauhan Praveen Et Al (2013) – "Soil Bulk Density As Related To Soil Texture, Organic Matter Content As Available Total Nutrients Of Coimbatore Soil" – Int. Journal Of Scientific And Research – V(3) I(2) Issn P(2250-3153).
[4] Daliakopoulous I. N. Et Al (2016) - "The Threat Of Soil Salinity – Europian Scale Review" – Science Of The Total Environment – V(573) I(15) P(727-739).
[5] Elfaki Jamal T. Et Al (2016) - "Assessment Of Calcimetric And Titrimetric Methods For Caco3 Estimation Of Five Soil Types In Central Sudan" – Journal Of Geosciences And Environment Protection –V(4) I(1) P(120-127).

Abstract: Metals transition complexes of a new Schiff base bis(2-hydroxybenzylidene)oxalohydrazide (H4L) have been prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopies, room temperature magnetic moment measurement and conductivity measurement. H4L is a potentially tetradentate ligand and its reactions with acetate or chloride salts of Mn2+, Ni2+, Co2+ and Cu2+ ions yield dinuclear neutral complex in which each metal ion is hexacoordinated. The ligand acts in its dideprotonated form (H2L2-). The elemental analysis, conductance......

Key Word: Oxalylhydrazide, Salicylaldehyde, Schiff base, complex, FTRI, UV-visible, Magnetism

...

Abstract: The corrosion inhibitory behavior of Napoleonae imperialis leaves extract on mild steel in 0.5M HCl was investigated using electrochemical impedance spectrophotometer, potentiodynamic polarographer and electrochemical frequency modulation method. The inhibition efficiency of the leaves extract was investigated at different concentrations of the extract, at ambient temperature. Phytochemical analysis of the leaves extract revealed the presence of quercetin, saponins , quinine, alkaloids, flavone and tannins. Results obtained reveal that Napoleonae imperialis leaves extract is a good corrosion inhibitor and acts as a mixed type of inhibitor, affecting both......

Key Word: Corrosion, Inhibition, Napoleonae imperialis, mild steel, HCl, PDP, EIS, EFM

[1] Abiola O.K., Otaigbe .J. And James .A.O. (2010). The Effects Of Aloe Vera Extract On Corrosion And Kinetics Of Corrossion Process Of Zinc In Hcl Solution. Corrosion Science, 52: 661-664
[2] Arias-Montoya M.I., G.F Dominguez-Patino J.G., Gonzalez-Rodiguez, J.A. And Dominguez-Patino, M.L. (2017). Corrosion Inhibition Of Carbon Steel In Acidic Media By Using Actinidia Deliciosa (Kiwifruit) Extract. Advances In Materials Physics And Chemistry. 5:447- 457
[3] Barineka, Z. K., Maduelosi, N .J. And Umoh, E.T. (2024). Experimental Study On Adsorption And Corrosion Inhibition Properties Of Urena Lobata Leaves Extract On Mild Steel In Acidic Medium. American Journal Of Physical Chemistry, 13(1), 17 – 27.
[4] Chahul, H.F., Ndukwe, G.I And Ladan, A.A. (2019). Adsorption Behavior And Corrosion Inhibition Effect Of N. Imperialis P.
Beauv (Lecythidaceae) Seed Extract On Mild Steel In 1.0 M Hcl. Journal Of Chemical Society Of Nigeria, 10(1): 25 – 32.
[5] Dariva, C.G And Galio, A.F. (2014). Corrosion Inhibitors – Principles, Mechanisms And Applications, Intech. (Ed.) Dol: 10.5772/57255.

Abstract: Water is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula H2O. It is a transparent, tasteless, odourless, and nearly colourless chemical substance, and it is the main constituent of Earth's hydrosphere and the fluids of all known living organisms (in which it acts as a solvent). It is vital for all known life forms despite not providing food energy or organic micronutrients. Its chemical formula, H2O, indicates that each molecule contains one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms connected by covalent bonds. The hydrogen atoms are attached to the oxygen atom at an angle of 104.5°. In liquid form, H2O is also called "Water or Oxidane" at standard temperature and pressure....

[1]. Carp, O., Huisman, C. L., & Reller, A. (2004). Photoinduced reactivity of titanium dioxide. Progress in Solid State Chemistry, 32(1-2), 33-177.
[2]. Das, R., Ali, M. E., Hamid, S. B. A., Ramakrishna, S., & Chowdhury, Z. Z. (2014). Carbon nanotube membranes for water purification: A bright future in water desalination. Desalination, 336, 97-109.
[3]. Goh, P. S., Ismail, A. F., & Ng, B. C. (2018). Carbon nanotubes for desalination: Performance evaluation and current challenges. Desalination, 421, 81-99.
[4]. Gupta, A. K., & Gupta, M. (2005). Synthesis and surface engineering of iron oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications. Biomaterials, 26(18), 3995-4021.
[5]. Kim, Y. S., et al. (2015). Water quality monitoring using low-cost nanosensors: A critical review. Sensors, 15(6), 14918-14931