Abstract: Soil contamination by toxic metals is an escalating issue that impacts ecosystems and public health. Human activities and agricultural inputs are major contributors to this contamination, necessitating effective remediation techniques. Among these, bioremediation and phytoremediation are prominent, particularly using crambe (Crambe abyssinica), a plant adept at absorbing and accumulating metals, especially lead, thus aiding in soil recovery. This study evaluates the effectiveness of crambe in conjunction with beneficial microorganisms such as Bradyrhizobium.....
Key Word: Azospirillum; bioremediation; plant growth promoters; Pseudomonas
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