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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Formulation and Evaluation of Rosuvastatin Immediate Release Tablets 10 Mg |
| Country | : | Bangladesh |
| Authors | : | Netish Kumar Kundo || Sumon Kumar Dutta || Abinash Chandro Sarker || Chand Sultana || Md. Anwarul Haque || Dr. Md. Nurul Islam || Mohammad Mosleh Uddin |
Abstract: Rosuvastatin is a member of the drug class statins, used to treat high cholesterol and to prevent cardiovascular disease. It comes under class II of Biopharmaceutical Classification System. The objective of present study is to develop Rosuvastatin immediate release tablets 10 mg using different types of superdisintegrants to enhance the disintegration time and dissolution of Rosuvastatin calcium to improve bioavailability of the drug. In the present study immediate release formulation of Rosuvastatin calcium was prepared by wet granulation method that are cost effective. Different formulations were made by using various.......
Keywords: Rosuvastatin Calcium, Superdisintegrants, Crospovidone, Sodium Starch Glycolate, Kyron T-314, Patient Compliance.
[1]. Nyol Sandeep, Dr. M.M. Gupta. Immediate Drug Release Dosage Form: A Review. J Drug Delivery & Therapeutics 2013; 3(2): 155-161.
[2]. Utsav Patel, Khushbu Patel, Darshan Shah, Rushabh Shah. A Review on Immediate Release Drug Delivery System. Int J Pharma Res and Biosci 2012; (5): 37-66.
[3]. Dedhiya: Lercanidipine Immediate Release Compositions United States Patent Application 20060134212.
[4]. R. Natarajan, Rohit Vaishnani,and NN. Rajendran, Formulation and Evaluation of Immediate Release Tablets of Paroxetine HCl Using Different Superdisintegrants, IJRPBS Sep 2011; 2(3): 1095-1099.
[5]. Srinivas Pannala, Mahalaxmi Rathnanand,Preparation and in vitroEvaluation of Nizatidine immediate release tablets, International Journal of PharmTech Research 2011; 3(3): 1688-1692.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Neuroprotective effect of ethanolic extract of Heliotropium indicum against transient global ischemia induced brain damage in rats |
| Country | : | Malyasia |
| Authors | : | Dasarapu Santhosha || Alluri Ramesh || Emandi Hemalatha || Malothu Nagulu |
Abstract: Heliotropium indicum is a whole herb used as traditional medicine mainly in India for the treatment of mental disorders and as brain tonic since many years. The present study is to investigate the protective effects of ethanolic extract of whole herb of Heliotropium indicum on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion induced brain damage in rats. Cerebral ischemia was induced by occluding bilateral common carotid arteries for 60 min followed by 3h of reperfusion. Ischemia/reperfusion-induced neuronal injury was assessed by measurement of brain infarct area, biochemical estimations and histopathological studies................
Keywords: Heliotropium indicum ,Ischemia, biochemical estimations ,stroke
[1]. AKK Marry, YY Lloyd, KA Brian, LC Robin, AK, Wayne Applied therapeutics the clinical use of drug. WoltersKlawer / Lippincott Williams and Wilkins(9,2009;9:53-1)
[2]. F Dajas, Rivera, FMegret, F Blasina. Neuroprotective by Flavonoids. Brazil J Med Biol Res, 36,2003,1613-1620.
[3]. EJ Lee, HY Chen, IA Ayoub, KI Maynard, Acute administration of Ginkgo biloba extract (Egb 761) affords neuroprotection against permanent and transient focal cerebral ischemia in Sprague-Dawley rat. J Neurosci,68,2002,636-645.
[4]. ZA Shah, RA Gilani, P Sharma, SB Vohora. Cerebroprotective effect of Korean ginseng tea against global and focal models of ischemia in rat. J Ethnopharmacol,101,2005,299-307.
[5]. Nehlig,The neuroprotective effects of cocoa flavanol and its influence on cognitive performance, British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 75(3), 2013,716–727.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | The Quality Of Life of Patients as a Criterion of Efficacy of Primary Open Angle Glaucoma Therapy |
| Country | : | Ukraine |
| Authors | : | Kryvoviaz O.V. |
Abstract: a shift of QOL score in patients is one of the most important of therapy efficacy indicators for treatment of ophthalmic diseases, such as primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). The main goal of treatment of patients with POAG is to stabilize the ocular pressure and to stop progression of the disease. The purpose of the study was to identify changes in QOL of patients with POAG in the progress of treatment using different medicines of S01E group – 'Antiglaucoma medicines and miotics' (AGM). Our......
Keywords: Mono- and combined therapies, primary open angle glaucoma, quality of life, therapy efficacy
[1]. L.D. Fairclaugh, Design and Analysis of Quality of Life Studies in Clinical Trials (Charman & Hall, CRC, 2002).
[2]. P. Kind, A. Williams, Measuring success in health care – the time has come to do it properly, Health Policy Matter, 9, 2004, 1–8.
[3]. O.Kryvoviaz, Antiglaucoma pharmacotherapy: analysis of treatment regimens and efficacy indicators, ScienceRise,. 3/4 (20), 2016, 46–50.
[4]. O.V. Makarenko, O.V. Kryvoviaz, Iu.O. Tomashevska, Vplyv dopomizhnykh rechovyn v protyhlaukomnykh ochnykh krapliakh na pokaznyk yakosti zhyttia za kryteriiem chastoty pobichnykh efektiv, Farmatsevtychnyi zhurnal, 3, 2015, 39–44.
[5]. O. V. Makarenko. E. V. Krivovyaz, Otsenka kachestva zhizni bolnykh pervichnoy otkrytougolnoy glaukomoy, Materialy nauchnoy konferentsii «Sovremennaya farmatsevtika: teoriya. praktika. eksperimenty», Moskow, RF, 2014, 48–53.s
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Comparative Efficacy of Timolol and Latanoprost on Intraocular Hypertension Among Patients Attending the Ophthalmic Clinic of Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Nigeria |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Ovienria W. A. || Enock M.E. || Akhideno P. E. || Momoh N. || Akpamu U. |
Abstract: Studies have acknowledged improved intraocular pressure results with topical pressure lowering drugs. However, paucity of literature exists among theNigerian population and among South South inhabitance in particular. It is the aim of this study to investigate and compare the efficacy of timolol and latanoprost among patients attending the Ophthalmic Clinic of Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Edo State, Nigeria.In a bid to achieve this objective, arandomized control trial was conducted from January 2014 to December 2014 involving patients with ocular hypertension.......
Keywords: Timolol, latanoprost, intraocular hypertension
[1]. Regnault, A., Viala-Danten, M., Gilet, H. and Berdeaux, G. Scoring and psychometric properties of the eye drop satisfaction questionnaire (EDSQ), an instrument to assess satisfaction and compliance with glaucoma treatment. BMC Ophthalmol.; 10:1, 2010.
[2]. Wadhwa, S.D. and Higginbotham, E.J. Ethnic Differences in Glaucoma: Prevalence, Management and outcome. Curr. Opin. Ophthal.; 16, 2005, 101-106.
[3]. Girkin, C.A. POAG in African Americans. Int. Ophthalmol. Clin.; 44: 2004, 43-60.
[4]. Racette, L., Wilson, M.R., Zangwill, L.M. et al. POAG in Blacks: A review. Surv. Ophthalmol.; 48: 2003, 295-313.
[5]. Sommer, A., Tielsch, J.M., Katzm J., et al. Racial differences in the cause-specific prevalence of blindness in east Baltimore. N. Engl. J. Med.; 325: 1991, 1412-7.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Anthelmintic activity of seed extracts of Artocarpusheterophyllus |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Yashaswini.T || Akshara || A.M.Krupanidhi || Prasad K || Kumar M.D || Akshaykumar K |
Abstract: Helminthic infections are now being recognized as cause of many acute as well as chronic ill healthamong the various human beings as well as cattle's. Helminthiasis, the condition resulting from worm infestation, is one of the major prevalent diseases in the world, particularly in the tropical countries. Lack of adequate sanitary facilities and supply of pure water coupled with poverty and illiteracy are some of the factors responsible for wide spread nature of this disease in the developing countries...............
Keywords: Albendazole,Anthelmintic activity, Artocarpusheterophyllus,Pheretimaposthuma, earthworms
[1]. Ravindra GM, Shailaja GM, Anita AM. In vitro Screening of Cleome viscosa. Extract for anthelmintic activity. Pharmaceut.Bio.10: 2007; 766-768.
[2]. Nakatani, M., Huang, R.C., Okamura, H., Iwagawa, T., Tadera, K., 1998. Degrade
[3]. limonoids from Meliaazedarach. Phytochemistry 49, 1773-1776.Pomilio, A.B, Vitale, A.A, 1988.Métodos.
[4]. Mendhe BB. Nema U, Gupta P. and Gandhare BR, 2010. "Evaluation of Anthelmintic activity of leaf extracts of ButeaMonosperma" International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research 1(3): p. 69-72.
[5]. Qureshi S. Md., Patel J., Giri C. I., Hasan S, Shaik M. and HamedMd,. "In vitro anthelmintic activity of root extract of TrapabispiniosaRoxb. Against Pheretimaposthuma and Ascardiagilli. Study of anthelmintic activity" International Journal ofPharma Science and Research 1 (9), 2010, p. 353-356.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Simultaneous determination and estimation of Amlodipine andPerindopril in raw and tablet formulation by stability-indicating RP-HPLCmethod |
| Country | : | Saudi Arabia |
| Authors | : | Gunasekar Manoharan |
Abstract: A sensitive, feasible RP-HPLCmethod has developed and validated for the analysis of Amlodipine with Perindopril argininein raw and tablet formulation.Successful separation of drugs products is developed on a C(18) column reversed-phase using and using mobile phase composition of Methanol:Phosphate buffer(27:73 v/v). The flow rate was adjusted to 1.1 mL/minute and the absorption maxima were observed at 270 nm utilizing Shimadzu SPD-20A Prominence UV-Vis detector.Good linearity was obtained in the range of 2-10 μg/ ml, 3-15 μg/ml, for Amlodipine,Perindopril arginine respectively. TheHPLC, tabletformulation assay shows percentage purity ranging from 99.16 to 100.18% for Amlodipine, 99.58 to 100.23% for Perindopril arginine. The mean percentage purity is 100.01% and 100.08% for Amlodipine andPerindopril arginine respectively.............
Keywords: Amlodipine (AML), Perindopril arginine (PEA), HPLC and UV.
[1]. Amlodipine: MedlinePlus Drug Information"www.nlm.nih.gov, Retrieved 2015-. [2]. Cash, Jill C.; Glass, Cheryl Anne, Family Practice Guidelines, Third Edition, 2014.
[3]. JP. Bounhoure, G. Bottineau andP.Lechat, Value of perindopril in the treatment of chronic congestive heart failure: multicentredouble-blind placebo-controlled study,ClinExpHypertens, 11(2), 1989, 575-586.
[4]. Indian Pharmacopoeia–2007, Govt. of India Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, The Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ghaziabad, Vol 2 & 3, pp- 745-746, 1676-1677.
[5]. British Pharmacopoeia (BP) 2008 The Stationery Office. London, UK, Vol I, pp -37-138,1690-1692.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Ethanolic Extracts of Copaifera Multijuga Inhibits the Subcutaneous Growth of Ehrlich Carcionoma in Swiss Mice |
| Country | : | Brazil |
| Authors | : | Lucinéia Reuse Albiero || Eduardo Figueiredo Nery || Jeniffer Charlene Dalazen || Taiany Oliveira Kelly || Débora Linsbinski Pereira || Valéria Dornelles Gindri Sinhorin || Ramon Kaneno || Lindsey Castoldi |
Abstract: Oil-resin of Copaifera multijuga Hayne is popularly used due to its anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we evaluate the effects of the bark ethanolic extract on Ehrlich tumor cells. For extract preparation, bark was removed from stem and chopped into smaller pieces. Most were dried and grounded. The first extract was made with hexane, followed by ethyl acetate. Absolute ethanol was added to the residue and extract was filtered and concentrated (EtOH). In vitro cytotoxic activity of the EtOH was analyzed on both spleen and tumor cells. For evaluation of in vivo activity, Ehrlich carcinoma bearing Swiss mice were daily treated with different concentration of EtOH during 30 days..............
Keywords: Antitumor, Copaiba, Copaifera multijuga, Ehrlich tumor, Immunomodulation
[1]. F.L. Westphal, L.C. Lima, R.A. Guimarães, R.F.S. Souza, S.B. Couto, S.R. Nakajima, Avaliação das alterações pleuropulmonares após a injeção de óleo de resina de copaíba, extrato aquoso de crajiru e polivinilpirrolidona iodado (PVPI) na pleura e parênquima pulmonar de ratos, Rev. Col. Bras. Cir, 34, 2007, 170-176.
[2]. F.A. Pieri, M.C. Mussi, M.A.S. Moreira, Óleo de copaíba (Copaifera sp.): histórico, extração, aplicações industriais e propriedades medicinais, Res. Bras. Pl. Med, 11, 2009, 465-472.
[3]. N.M. Gomes, C.M. Rezende, S.P. Fontes, M.E. Matheus, A.C. Pinto, P.D. Fernandes, Characterization of the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of fractions obtained from Copaifera multifuga Hayne, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 128, 2010, 177-183.
[4]. V.F. Veiga Junior, L. Zunino, M.L. Patitucci, A.C. Pinto, J.B. Calixto, The inhibition of paw oedema formation caused by the oil of Copaifera multifuga Hayne and its fractions, Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 58, 2006, 1405-1410.
[5]. V.F. Veiga Junior, E.C. Rosas, M.V. Carvalho, M.G.M.O. Henriques, A.C. Pinto, Chemical composition and anti-inflamatory activity of copaíba oils from Copaifera cearensis Huber ex Ducke, Copaifera reticulata Ducke and Copaifera multifuga Hayne – a comparative study, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 112, 2007, 248-254..
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Evaluation of Drug Dosing in Renal Failure |
| Country | : | Egypt |
| Authors | : | Mohamed A. Hammad || Ahmed A. Khamis || Khaled M. Al- Akhali || Tarek M. Elsayed || Ashwag M. Alasmri || Eman M. Al-Ahmari || Enas M. Mossa || Nada M. Al-Gahtani || Yasmin El-Sobky |
Abstract: Introduction: Rapidaccumulation and toxicity can be developed if drugs dosages are not adjusted in patients with chronic kidney diseases (CKD). Objectives: To evaluate the prevalenceof correct dosing in chronic kidney diseases depending on renal function estimation. Study Design: A cross-sectional observational study involving patients in medical ward from January to July 2014 at Aseer Central Hospital in Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia...............
Keywords: Aseer CentralHospital,Chronic kidney disease, chronic renal failure, glomerular filtration rate, dialysis, dosing adjustment, Renal dysfunction, Renal impairment.
[1]. Roger K. Verbeeck&Flora T. Musuamba. Pharmacokinetics and dosage adjustment in patientswith renal dysfunction, Eur J Clin Pharmacol (2009) 65:757–773
[2]. Waknine Y. Kidney Disease Classification to Include Albuminuria. Medscape Medical News. Available at http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/776940. December 31, 2012; [Accessed at: July 24, 2016].
[3]. [Guideline] Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD Work Group. KDIGO 2012 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease. Kidney Int Suppl. 2013. 3:1-150.
[4]. O'Hare AM, Choi AI, Bertenthal D, Bacchetti P, Garg AX, Kaufman JS, et al. Age affects outcomes in chronic kidney disease. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2007 Oct. 18(10):2758-65. [Medline].
[5]. Roger K. Verbeeck& Flora T. Musuamba, Pharmacokinetics and dosage adjustment in patients with renal dysfunction, Eur J ClinPharmacol (2009) 65:757 – 773..
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Validation of Analytical Methods for Determination of Methamphetamine Using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy |
| Country | : | Indonesia, |
| Authors | : | Riyanto || Sri Wulan Nas |
Abstract: Validation of analytical methods for determination of methamphetamine using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy has been done. Parameter validation method are the repeatability of the system (precision), accuracy, linear ranges, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ). Samples was prepared by mixing a weighed portion of methamphetamine standard and alum and swirled flatly to homogeneous mixture. The mixture with total weighed of powder obtained is approximately 1.0 g. This sample was analysis using FTIR. The results of the study showed that the correlation of determination analysis methamphetamine using FTIR was R2=0.9998 at functional group with wave length number 698.83 cm-1. Precision, RSD Horwitz, LOQ, LOD and recovery of the validation of analytical methods for determination of methamphetamine using FTIR were found to be 0.0087%, 2.052%, 2.3035%, 7.6786%, and 104.2%, respectively...............
Keywords: Validation, Methamphetamine, FTIR, Spectroscopy.
[1]. J. Hughes, G. Ayoko, S. Collett, and G. Golding, Rapid quantification of methamphetamine: Using attenuated total reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and Chemometrics, Plos One Journal., 8(7), 2013, 1-7.
[2]. U.S. Department of Justice, Drugs of Abuse (Washington, 1997).
[3]. O. Baran, Determination of Narcotic and Psychotropic Substances by Using Infrared Spectroscopy (A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate of Natural and Applied Sciences of Middle East Technical University, 2005).
[4]. P. Rakesh, P. Charmi, and K.S. Rajesh, Quantitative analytical applications of FTIR spectroscopy in pharmaceutical and allied areas, J. Adv. Pharm. Edu. & Res., 4(2), 2014, 145-157.
[5]. H. Tsuchihashi, M. Katagi, M. Nishikawa, M. Tatsuno, H. Nishioka, A. Nara, E. Nishio, and C. Petty, Determination of methamphetamine and its related compounds using Fourier Transform Raman Spectroscopy, Applied Spectroscopy, 51(12), 1997, 1796-1799.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Prevalence of Candida Co-Infections among Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Emuoha, Rivers State, Nigeria |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Ndukwu, C. B || C.Mbakwem-Aniebo || N.Frank-Peterside |
Abstract: Candida spp have been one of the co-infection challenges facing the patients suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis 300 clinical specimen of sputa and oral swabs were collected from hospitalized tuberculosis patients for isolation of Candida spp. The patients were divided into two (2) categories. Group A included tuberculosis patients with some complications like fever and marked cough on spite of the anti-tuberculosis treatment. Group B included tuberculosis patients with no complications. Candida spp were isolated and identified on the basis of morphological cultural............
[1]. Baron, E.J., L.R. Peterson and S.M. Finegold. 1994. Laboratory methods in basic mycology. In: Bailey & Scotti's 9th Edition .Diagnostic Microbiology. The C.V. Mosby Company. Pp 689-775.
[2]. Bansod, S, Rai M. Emerging of mycotic infection in patients infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis,World Journal of Medical Sciences 2008; 3:74-80.
[3]. Cheesbrough, M. 1994. Mycology. In: Medical Laboratory Manual for Tropical Countries Tropical Health Technology/Butter Worth Heineman Ltd, ELBS Edition. 11: pp372-391.
[4]. Eggimann, P., J. Garbino and D. Pittet. 2003. Epidemiology of Candida species infections in critically ill non- immunosuppressed patients. Lancet Infectious. Diseases, 3(II): 685-702.
[5]. Ghafoor, M. 1967. Effect of the polysaccharide fraction of Candida albicans on the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Thesis. Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Centre, Karachi, Pakistan.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Observations on floral diversity including Lampen flora from the Borra Caves of Visakhapatnam district, Andhra Pradesh |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | G.M.Narasimha Rao |
Abstract: Caves are the natural formations with unique features for the growth and development of various species of flora and fauna. Further they provide the shelter for many biological organisms. In the recent years the scenario was changed due to installation of artificial illumination to attract the tourists and altered the physico-chemical features of the Caves. Borra caves are the beautiful natural cave with artificial illumination. Present communication deals with flora of various groups including Lampen flora which inhabit in different regions of the caves................
Keywords: Floral diversity, Lampen flora, Borra caves, Eastern Ghats of India.
[1]. Arunima Karkun and Seema Varma, 2016. Study and survey of Fungal diversity of Borra caves situated in Andhra Pradesh, India. International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy 7 (2): 241-246.
[2]. Desikachary, T.V. 1959. Monograph on Cyanophyta, I.C.A.R. New Delhi.
[3]. Dobat, K., 1970, Conside´rations sur la ve´ge´tation cryptogamique des grottes du Jura Souabe (sud-ouest de l'Allemagne): Annales de Spe´le´ologie, v. 25, no. 4, p. 872–907.
[4]. Haraprasad Bairagya 2014. Environmental conditions of Borra cave, Visakhapatnam,India..
[5]. International Journal of Environment, Vol. 3 (2) 150-166. [6]. Hoffman, L. 1989. Algae of terrestrial habitats. The Botanical Review 55:77-105.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Bioconversion of Agricultural and Food Processing Wastes to Value-Added Products Using Solid State Fermentation Technology. A Review |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Nwachukwu, Ifeanyi || Ekwenye, Uchechi N. || Agomuo, Ngozi G || Ogbonna, Chinyere R. |
Abstract: Large volume/quantity of wastes is generated every year from the individual processing of agricultural and food wastes. However, most of these wastes can be used as animal feed or could be buried as an alternative for elimination from the environment. Analysis has shown that such wastes have composition rich in sugars, minerals and proteins hence should not be considered as wastes as such but raw materials for other industrial processes. The presence of suitable carbon sources, nutrients and moisture in these wastes provides conditions appropriate for the development of microorganisms for their utilization and conversion to value-added product................
Keywords: Wastes, Microorganisms, Bioconversion, Solid state fermentation, Process parameters, Value-added products.
[1]. Dinis, M. J., Bezerra, R. M. F., Nunes, F., Dias, A. A., Guesdes, C. V., Ferreira, L. M. M., Cone, J. W., Marques, G. S. M., Barros, A. R. N. and Rodrigues, M. A. M. (2009). Modification of wheat straw lignin by solid state fermentation with white-rot fungi. Bioresource Technology, 100, 4829- 4835
[2]. Durand, A. (2003). Bioreactor designs for solid state fermentation. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 13, 113-125.
[3]. Holker, U. and Lens, J. (2005). Solid-state fermentation: are there any biotechnological advantages? Current Opinion in Microbiology, 8, 301-306
[4]. Koncsag, C. I. and Kirwan, K. (2010). Heat and mass transfer study during wheat straw solid substrate fermentation with P. ostreatus, Chemical Bulletin of "Politechnica" University of Timisoara, 55, 1-4
[5]. Mitchell, D. A., Krieger, N., Stuart, D. M. and Pandey, A. (2000). New developments in solid-state fermentation: II. Rational approaches to the design and scale-up of bioreactors. Process Biochemistry, 5, 1211-1225
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | The Role of M1/M2 Transition of the Brain Macrophages in Alzheimer's Disease |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Neha Chitre || PriyaGhumatkar || Dr. Sadhana Sathaye |
Abstract: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by the presence of neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) and senile plaques caused due to amyloid beta (Aβ) aggregation in the brain. Macrophage like resident immune cells in the brain called microglia play a pivotal role in the CNS immunity. They are constantly engaged in removing damaged cells which is a very important part of maintaining homeostasis. Microglial cells contribute to the clearance of Aβ by the process of phagocytosis, which may lead to delaying the progression of AD................
Keywords: Alzheimer's disease, amyloid-β, inflammation, immunity, microglia
[1]. Saijo K, Glass CK (2011). Microglial cell origin and phenotypes in health and disease. Nature Reviews Immunology, 11 (11): 775-87 . [2]. Zlokovic BV (2008). The blood brain barrier in health and chronic neurodegenerative disorders. Neuron ,57(2):178-201.
[3]. Lampron A, Elali A, Rivest S (2013). Innate Immunity in the CNS: Redefining the Relationship between the CNS and it's Environment. Neuron,24;78 (2):214-32.
[4]. Jacobs S, Doering LC (2010) Astrocytes Prevent Abnormal Neuronal Development in the Fragile X Mouse. The Journal of Neuroscience, 24;30(12):4508-14.
[5]. Akiyama H (2000). Inflammation and Alzheimer's Disease. Neurobiology of Aging, 21(3):383-421.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Prevalence of Candida Species among HIV Positive Patients in Two Tertiary Hospitals in Rivers State |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Ndukwu, C. B || C. Mbakwem-Aniebo || N. Frank-Peterside |
Abstract: The study investigated the prevalence of Candida species among HIV positive patients in two tertiary hospitals in Rivers State. A total of 300 samples of sputum, throat swab and high vaginal swab samples were obtained from HIV positive patients attending Braithwaite Memorial Specialist Hospital (BMSH) and the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH). The Candida species identified from the samples include; C. albicans, C. stellatoidea and C. tropicalis...............
[1]. Al-Aali, K.Y. (2013). Prevalence of Vaginal Candidiasis among Pregnant Women Attending Al-Hada Military Hospital, Western Region, Taif, Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Science and Research. 4 (5): 1736 – 1743.
[2]. Anwar, K.P., Malik, A. and Subhan K.H. (2012). Profile of Candidiasis in HIV Infected Patients. Iranian Journal of Microbiology. 4 (4): 204 – 209.
[3]. Calderone R.A. (2001). Candida and candidiasis. Washington DC: ASM Press.
[4]. Costa, C.R.., Cohen, A.J., Fernandes O.F.L., Miranda, K.C., Passos, K.S. Souza A.K.H. and Silva R.R. (2016). Asymptomatic Oral Carriage of Candida species in HIV-infected Patients in the Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Era. Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. 48 : 257 – 261.
[5]. Durden F.M. and Elewsi, B. (1997). Fungal infections in HIV infected patients. Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery. 16 (3): 200 – 212.