iosr-JMCE   Volume-17 ~ Issue-6 ~ Nov. – Dec. 2020

Abstract: In the age of renewable energy, geothermal energy is playing a pivotal role in society. This resource can be utilized either directly or indirectly. Some of the common direct application areas of this resource include agriculture, aquaculture, and balneology, among others. Honey processing has emerged as a critical area where geothermal energy can be applied for societal benefits. This study sought to determine how geothermal energy can be used in honey extraction process. The inspiration came from the honey extraction challenges faced by the bee farmers in Menengai area in Kenya, which leads to wastage and poor quality. The designed system uses geothermal energy and its deployment in honey extraction processing would help to reduce wastage............

Key words: Geothermal Energy, HMF, Honey Processing, Lindal diagram, Simulink.

[1]. Incropera, F. P. (2005). Fundamentals of heat and mass transfer. United States of America: John Wiley & Sons.
[2]. IRENA (2014). "Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2014", IRENA, Abu Dhabi, http:// www.irena.org/ Document Downloads/ Publications / IRENA_RE_Power_ Costs_2014_ report.pdf.
[3]. Johnston, I., Narsilio, G., & Coll, S. (2011). Emerging geothermal energy technologies. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 15(4), 643-653.
[4]. Kaitano, S. R. (2016). Factors Influencing Utilization of Direct Geothermal Energy in Kenya. A Case of Menengai Geothermal Project in Nakuru County (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi). [5]. Kiruja J. (2011). Potential for direct utilisation of geothermal energy at the Lake Bogoria geothermal resource. Proceedings of Kenya Geothermal Conference. KICC, Nairobi.

Abstract: One of the urban transportation problems is traffic jams, including the Manado city which has limited mass transportation facilities and infrastructure in the city. This is indicated on the YosSudarsoPaalDua arterial road and the ArieLasutWonasa collector road, where there is the Tondano River Basin which can be alternative urban transportation to reduce traffic density that occurs in the Tondano watershed. This study analyzes land use activities, types of transportation, and physical conditions of rivers and formulates the concept of river transportation development, using qualitative and quantitative descriptive methods, field observations, and mapping the physical conditions of the river. The results showed that the generation and pull of land use around and along the watershed can be a fever......

Keywords: urban transportation, river transportation, land use and tourism.

[1]. Munawar, Ahmad. 2005. Basics of Transportation Engineering. Beta Offset. Yogyakarta
[2]. Sambuaga, Rinto R. 2016. Public Transportation Congestion Management of the Manado City Transportation Service, Society's Scientific Journal. Sam Ratulangi University Graduate School. Manado.
[3]. Bignon, Elise. 2018. River-based public transport: Why won't Paris jump on board Case Studies on Transport Policy? The University of Queensland, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, St Lucia Campus, Chamberlain (35), Brisbane, Australia
[4]. Rahmad, Aef S. 2016. River Transportation in Support of the Development of the Potential of Strategic Areas in Sintang District. Journal of Civil Engineering. Tanjungpura University, Pontianak
[5]. Suvendu, Roy. 2017. Potential interaction between transport and stream networks over the lowland rivers in Eastern India. Journal of Environmental Management. AbhaySankarSahu Department of Geography, University of Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India

Abstract: In the present age, the demand for construction material is on a steady increase. Concrete the most widely used construction material is composed mainly of aggregate (fine and coarse), cement and water. The cost of this concrete ingredient is equally rising day by day. Recently researchers have paid so many attentions to waste that can fully or partially replace the conventional concrete ingredients without compromising the standard of concrete produced with convectional materials. This will not only produce an economic concrete but also a sustainable, affordable and environmental friendly concrete. Published works have shown a huge potential of using periwinkle shell an aquatic waste products generated from Periwinkles consumption found in many coastal communities worldwide as a replacement of coarse aggregate.......

Key words: Periwinkle, light-weight concrete, coarse aggregate, concrete

[1]. Adewuyi A. P. and Adegoke T. (2008). Exploratory Study of Periwinkle Shells as Coarse Aggregates in Concrete Works. Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences. Vol. 3, No. 6.
[2]. Falade, F., Ikponmwosa, E.E., and Ojediran, N.I. (2010). Behavior of lightweight concrete containing periwinkle shell at elevated temperature. Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 5(4), 379 – 390.
[3]. Muthusamy K. and Sabri N. A. (2012). Cockle Shell: A Potential Partial Coarse Aggregate Replacement in Concrete. International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology, Vol. 1, No 4, 260 – 267.
[4]. Chandra, S and Berntsson L. (2002). Lightweight Aggregate Concrete Science Technology and Application. Noyes publication, New York.
[5]. Osei, D.Y. and Jackson E.N. (2012).Experimental Study on Palm Kernel Shells as Coarse Aggregate in Concrete. International Journal of Science and Engineering Research, vol. 3, issue 8, pp.1-6.

Abstract: In today's fast-automated production, low cost automation (LCA) using programmable logic controller plays a very important role by its repeatability, tighter quality control, low power consumption, low operational cost, less maintenance, waste reduction or filling accuracy, increase in productivity and reduction of labor in the small scale sector. The application of low cost industrial automation (LCA), particularly in small scale industries with simple usage of devices like pneumatic, hydraulic actuators with electrical control to the existing conventional methods will yield higher productivity [Denish Kumar N. automatic bottle filling, capping and embossing using PLC]. The Automation plays an important role in today's world economy. One of the most important applications of automation process is in beverages and soft drinks industries, where continuous filling and capping process is carried out [Arun Kumar.M, H.......

Key Words: Diffuse sensor, Sensors, Solenoid valves, Variable Frequency Drive, Servo motor

[1]. John W Webb, Ronald A Reis, 2002, PLC Principles and Application; Prentice Hall's; "chap 5, 9 & 28".
[2]. Arun Kumar.M, H. Prasanna Kumar, Automatic Bottle Filling System using PLC.
[3]. Mallaradhya H. M., K. R. Prakash Automatic Liquid Filling to Bottles of Different Height using Programmable Logic Controller.
[4]. Jiangsu TOM Packaging machinery Co.Ltd instruction manual, DPG serial filling machine.
[5]. J. Dhiman and E.R. Dileep Kumar, Hybrid method for automatically filling of the chemical liquid into bottles using PLC & SCADA, International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science, Volume 2, Issue 6, ISSN 2091-2730, 2014, PP.1000 – 1007

Abstract: Remote Sensing(RS) and Geographical Information System (GIS) has become an effective tool in delineation of drainage pattern and water resources management and its planning.In the present study, morphometric analysis of the Vrishabhavathi river basin has been carried by using earth observation data and GIS techniques. The morphometric analysis was performed using ArcGIS to understand the nature, landscape development and hydrologic responses of Vrishabhavathi watershed. The drainage network shows that the terrain exhibits dendritic drainage pattern.The CARTOSAT and LISS(III) (SRTM) data is used for the morphometric analysis of the watershed to derive linear, relief, and aerial aspects.Spatial analysis is performed using ENVI for change detection studies in the basin to understand the effect of urbanization. Strahler's stream ordering techniques and analysis were followed for advanced analysis.From the analysis, it can be concluded that remote sensing techniques and GIS tools prove to be a competent tool in morphometric analysis. These studies are very useful for sustainable urban planning and also for land, water, and soil resource management in the watershed area.

Keywords: GIS,Spatial Analysis, Remote Sensing, Morphometric Analysis, Vrishabhavathi Watershed.

[1]. Agrawal, C. S., ―Study of Drainage Pattern through aerial data in Navgrah area of Varanasi district‖, U.P., Jour. Indian Society of Remote Sensing, pp.169- 175., (1998).
[2]. Bhatta, B. 2009. Analysis of urban growth pattern using remote sensing and GIS: a case study of Kolkata, India. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 30: 4733– 4746.
[3]. Chorley, R.J., Schumm, S.A., Sugden D.E., ―Geomorphology‖. Methuen, London, (1984).
[4]. Clarke J.I., ―Morphometry from Maps. Essays in geomorphology‖, Elsevier publication. Co., New York, pp 235–274., (1996).
[5]. Congalton, R. (1991). A review of assessing the accuracy of classifications of remotely sensed data. Remote Sensing of Environment, 37: 35–46.

Abstract: Height determination is one of the important factors in determining three-dimensional positions of objects. Of course, depending on the purpose of a survey, height may be ignored, but in most cases, it is considered an essential factor in determining the positions of objects through surveying. Although a direct leveling method is generally used for height determination, there are many difficulties involved in performing direct leveling in mountainous areas. In order to overcome this drawback, an indirect method of height determination through Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)/leveling has been used recently. GNSS/leveling can be utilized in mountainous areas where it is difficult to perform direct leveling, and it can also be used in drone surveying, which has recently been used in various fields, and in the surveys for construction design considering the elevations in mountainous areas.....

Keywords: GNSS/leveling; Geometric arrangement; Orthometrc height; Geoid model.

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