iosr-JMCE   Volume-11 ~ Issue-3 ~ May-June 2014

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Investigation of Index Properties of a Residual Soil Profile
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Mohammed, K. A., Yisa, G. L., Sule Emmanuel And 4Makwin, H. L.
	:	10.9790/1684-11310104

Abstract: This research investigates the index properties of a residual soil profile at Bosso campus of the Federal University of Technology, Minna. A trial pit was dug to a depth of 3 m and disturbed soil samples were taken at depths of 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3 m respectively. Natural moisture content (NMC) test, Atterberg limit test, mechanical sieve analysis and hydrometer test, specific gravity and standard proctor compaction test were carried out on each sample. By visual inspection it was observed that the soil profile consists of three layers; light reddish at the top, reddish soil at the middle and whitish soil at the bottom respectively. The natural moisture content increased from 2.3 % to 15.3 % at 0.5 m to 1.5 m depth and decreased to 11.8 % at 2 m depth after which it increased to 15.8 % at 3m depth. Using the unified soil classification system (USCS), the top and middle layer were classified as well graded sand (SW) while the bottom layer was classified as clayed sand (SC). The optimum moisture content (OMC) decreased from 10.8 % to 7.2 % at 0.5 m to 2.0 m depth then increased to 7.8 % at 2.5 m depth and decreased to 7.2% at 3 m depth. The maximum dry density (MDD) decreased from 1.99 Mg/m3 to 1.92 Mg/m3 at 0.5 m to 1 m depth, it increased to 2.1 Mg/m3 at 2 m depth, it then decreased to 1.95 Mg/m3 and increased to 2.1 Mg/m3 at 3 m. Based on these investigations, the index properties of the residual soil profile of the pit varies with depth.
Keywords: Index properties, Residual soil, Soil profile, Undisturbed soil, Lateritic soil

[1]. Smith, G. N and Smith, I. G. N. (1998). Element of soil mechanics Blackwell Publisher, London Seventh Edition pp. 477
[2]. Maigien, R. (1966). Review of research on laterites. Natural Resources Research IV, United Nations Education Scientific and Cultural Organization, Paris
[3]. Gidigasu, M. D. (1976). Lateritc Soil Engineering, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co, New York.
[4]. Chairman, J. H. (1988). Laterite in road pavements. Construction Industry Research and Information Association (CIRCA), special publication 47, West Minister, London.
[5]. Adekoya, J. A. (1987). A preliminary geological and geotechnical study of Nigeria proceedings of the 9th Regional Conference for Africa on soil mechanics and foundation engineering, Akinmusuru, J.O, malomo , ss. And sesida, E A .(esd), lagos, Nigeria, 15 – 17 september, A.A balvema rotter dami the Netherlands. Pp 21 -30

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Effect of capillary tube on the performance of a simple vapour compression refrigeration system
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Shashank shekhar pathak , Prakhar shukla , Sanjeev chauhan
	:	10.9790/1684-11310507

Abstract: It is essential to study the effect of capillary tube geometry on the performance of refrigeration systems. The literature review focuses on the effect that geometrical parameters like capillary tube length, bore diameter, coil pitch, number of twist and twisted angle have on the pressure drop, coefficient of performance (COP) and mass flow rate of the system. These parameters can be further studied using physical models and mathematical modeling concepts. The parameters stated above can be further optimized in order to enhance the performance of the refrigeration system.
Keywords: Capillary Tube, refrigeration system, twist angle.

[1]. Hirendra Kumar Paliwall, Keshav Kant2 , " A model for helical capillary tubes for refrigeration systems," International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference Purdue University , 2006
[2]. M.Y.Taib, A.A.Aziz and A.B.S.Alias, "Performance analysis of a domestic refrigerator", National Conference in Mechanical Engineering Research and Postgraduate Students, 2010.
[3]. Sanggoon Park, Kidong Son, Jihwan Jeong and Lyunsu Kim, "Simulation of the effects of a non-adiabatic capillary tube on refrigeration cycle", International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference, 2008.
[4]. J.K.Dabas, A.K.Dodeja, Sudhir Kumar and K.S.Kasana, "Performance characteristics of "vapour compression refrigeration system" under real transient conditions", International Journal of Advancements in Technology, 2011.
[5]. M.M.Tayde, Pranav Datar and Pankaj Kumar, "Optimum choice of refrigerant for miniature vapour compression refrigeration system", Indian journal of Applied Research, 2013.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Performance analysis of biogas premixed charge diesel dual fuelled engine
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Hitesh N Prajapati , Tushar M Patel ,Gaurav P Rathod
	:	10.9790/1684-11310812

Abstract: This paper presents the technical performance measurements of biogas premixed charge diesel dual fuelled engine. A 4-stroke research diesel engine was used for the performance analysis. The performance parameters like engine brake power, brake specific fuel consumption, volumetric efficiency and brake thermal efficiency were measured and compared with conventional diesel with different proportion of biogas-diesel dual fuel (minimum flow 8kg/hr, intermediate flow 9.8 kg/hr and full flow 11.9 kg/hr). The average brake power 0.6 kW at lower load and 2.80 kW at higher load condition which is almost nearest to diesel operation. brake thermal efficiency lower at low load and it is increased with increase in load than neat fuel operation(Around 16% to 17% at lower load and 40% at higher load condition) .The value of maximum brake thermal efficiency is 40% with full flow (11.9Kg/hr) at higher load condition.SFC value of neat diesel 0.65 kg/kWh at lower load and 0.30 kg/kWh at higher load and dual fuel and dual fuel has 0.51 kg/kWh at lower load and 0.21 kg/kWh at higher load condition. The reference volumetric efficiency of engine has almost similar volumetric efficiency when using dual fuel and diesel (about 80% at lower load and 78% at higher load). But with slight reduction is seen in using dual fuel operation (about 79% at lower load and 77% at higher load).
Keywords : Biogas, compression ignition, dual fuel, renewable energy

[1]. Ahmed, Kamil, Balewgize Amare, and A. Venkata Ramayya. "Experimental Investigation On Thermal Efficiency Of Diesel Engine With Jatropha-Diesel Blend With Biogas." International Journal of Engineering 2.7 (2013).
[2]. N.H.S.Ray, M.K.Mohanty and R.C.Mohanty, "Biogas as Alternate Fuel in Diesel Engines: A Literature Review" IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) (Sep. - Oct. 2013).
[3]. Debabrata Barik, S. Murugan," Production and Application of Biogas as a Gaseous Fuel for Internal Combustion Engines" International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) Vol. 1 Issue 7, September - 2012 ISSN: 2278-0181
[4]. Phan Minh Duc and Kanit Wattanavichien," Study on biogas premixed charge diesel dual fuelled engine" Energy Conversion and Management 48 (2007) 2286–2308.
[5]. R. Chandra a, V.K. Vijay b, P.M.V. Subbarao cand T.K. Khura a," Performance evaluation of a constant speed IC engine on CNG, methane enriched Biogas and biogas" Applied Energy 88 (2011) 3969–3977.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Experimental study to identify the effect of type of coupling on unbalance using frequency spectrum analysis
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Shamim Pathan , Pallavi Khaire
	:	10.9790/1684-11311316

Abstract: Any defect in machine will affect vibration behavior and nature of this effect is different for different faults. Understanding and practicing the fundamentals of rotating shaft parameters is the first step in reducing unnecessary vibration, reducing maintenance costs and increasing machine uptime. Hence condition monitoring based on vibration measurements can be used to identify those defects qualitatively. Vibration signals give early indication of mechanical failures such as misalignment, unbalance and bent shaft etc. The present study deals with experimental investigation of unbalance with the help of FFT analyzer and its unique vibration spectrum for different types of couplings such as jaw coupling, flexible flange coupling and rigid coupling. Understanding and practicing the fundamentals of rotating shaft parameters is the first step in reducing unnecessary vibration, reducing maintenance costs and increasing machine uptime. Many researchers have reported unbalance related faults show dominant peak at 1×. For experimental identification of unbalance an experimental setup is constructed and frequency spectrum is acquired for jaw coupling, flexible flange coupling and rigid flange coupling. These acquired spectrums are compared with available literature for confirmation of experiment results. The experimental results are in close agreement with results available in literature.
Keywords: Coupling, FFT analyzer, Unbalance.

[1]. M.Xu ,R.D. Marangoni, Vibration Analysis of Motor-Flexible Coupling-Rotor System Subject to Misalignment and Unbalance, Part-I:Theoretical Model and Analysis, Journal of Sound and Vibration, (1994), pg.663-679.
[2]. M.Xu ,R.D. Marangoni, Vibration Analysis of Motor-Flexible Coupling-Rotor System Subject to Misalignment and Unbalance, Part-II: Experimental Validation, Journal of Sound and Vibration, (1994), pg.681-691.
[3]. AbdolrezaAskarian, S.M.R. Hashemi,Effect of axial force, unbalance and coupling misalignment on vibration of a rotor gas turbine, 14th international congress on sound vibration, Cairns Australia, 2007.
[4]. V. Hariharan, P.S.S.Srinivasan, Vibration analysis of flexible coupling by considering unbalance, World applied sciences journal(8),2010.
[5]. K.M.AI-Hussian, I. Redmond, Dynamic Response of Two Rotors Connected by Rigid Mechanical Coupling with Parallel Misalignment, Journal of Sound and Vibration 249(3), (2002) ,pg. 483-498