iosr-Jm   Volume-1 ~ Issue-4

Abstract: UNIPAR FORMULAE: UNIPAR (UNI+P+AR) means UNIversal formula for Percentage by ARun. These are new innovative formulae of percentage which are applicable to all of its concepts e.g. Profit/ loss, Discount, Compound Interest, Sales Tax, Depreciation, to finding increase/decrease in population and otherconcepts also. It helps the students in dealing their daily monetary transactions in practical life.
Keywords: Compound Interest, Depreciation, Discount, Profit, Sales Tax etc.

[1] Balbir Singh (Kurdi) Mathematics class 8 English medium ( Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar: PSEB, 2008)
[2] Anu Soni, Mathematics class 9 English medium ( Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar: PSEB, 2008)
[3] R.S.Aggarwal, Quantitative Aptitude (New Delhi: S. Chand & Company, 2008)

Abstract: In this paper mainly we have obtained interesting and independent results using the equivalences L∗, R∗ and H∗.
Keywords: Union of groups, Periodic semigroup and Cancellative semigroup.

[1] Howie, J. M. Fundamentals of semigroup theory, Oxford University Press Inc., New York.

Abstract: In this paper we have obtained some interesting results on Co distributive pair in lattices. We also obtained some results on dually Co distributive pair in general lattice.
Key Words: Co distributive pair, Dually co distributive, d-prime element, Dually d-prime element, d-prime Ideals, Dually d-prime element

[1]. Gratzer,G.(1978) : "General Lattice Theory", Akademic Press, New York.
[2]. Sazsaz,Gabor(1963) : "Introduction to Lattice Theory" Akademic Press, New York and London.
[3]. Srinivas,K.V.R.(2005) : "On D-Prime Ideals of a Lattice" Bull.Cal.Math.Soc.,97(1) 79-94(2005).

\

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Mathematical Model for the Determination of Voltage and Current on Lossy Power Transmission Lines
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	M.O. Oke
	:	10.9790/5728-0141618

Abstract: Energy is a basic necessity for the economic development of a nation. There are different forms of energy, but the most important form is the electrical energy. A modern and civilized society is so much dependent on the use of electrical energy. Electrical energy is transmitted by means of transmission lines which deliver bulk power from generating stations to load centers. The industrial development of any nation depends majorly upon the reliability of its interconnected electric power system. Availability of electric energy has been the most powerful vehicle for facilitating economic, industrial and social developments of any nation. When an electric power is generated in sufficient quantities, it needs to be transmitted in bulk to load centers and then distributed to individual consumers in proper form and quality at the lowest possible ecological and economic price. This electric power is transmitted by means of transmission lines. In this paper, we developed mathematical models for the determination of voltage and current on lossy electric power transmission lines. We derived relations which the voltage and current must satisfy on a uniform transmission line. The models contain the primary constants or parameters of the transmission line which include the series resistance (R), the shunt conductance (G), the inductance (L) and the capacitance (C). Values of these constants are specified per unit length.
Keywords: Transmission line equations, Mathematical model, Lossy transmission, Leakages in transmission line, Transmission parameters.

[1]. Aderinto, Y.O. An Optimal Control Model of the Electric Power Generating System; Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Mathematics, University of Ilorin, Nigeria, 2010.
[2]. Atandare, D.L. Nigerian's Epileptic power supply - the way out; Prof. E.K. Obiakor Lecture Series 8, The Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti, 2007.
[3]. Bagriyanik, F.G., Aygne, Z.E. and Bagriyanik, M. Power Loss Minimization Using Fuzzy Multi-objective Formulation and Genetic Algorithm, Presented at IEEE Power Tech Conference, June 23rd 26th, Bologna, Italy, 2003.
[4]. Bamigbola, O.M. and Aderinto, Y.O. On the Characterization of Optimal Control Model of Electric power Generating Systems; International Journal of Physical Sciences, Volume4, Number 1, 2009.
[5]. Gupta, J.B. A Course in Power System; S.K. Kataria & Sons, Publisher of Engineering and Computer books, New Delhi, 2008.
[6]. Mehta, V.K and Mehta, R. Principles of Power Systems; S. Chand & Company Ltd, New Delhi, 2008.
[7]. Okafor, C.E. and Adebanji, B. An Assessment of Transmission System Reliability in Nigeria; Journal of Research in Engineering (JRENG), Vol. 6, 2009, 21-34.
[8]. Onohaebi, O.S. and Odiase, O.F. Empirical Modeling of Power Losses as a Function of Line Loadings and Lengths in the Nigerian 330KV Transmission Lines; International Journal of Academic Research, 2010, 47-53.
[9]. Wadhwa, C.L. Electrical Power Systems; New Age International (P) Limited, Publishers, New Delhi, 2009.
[10]. Williams, H.H. Jr and John, A.B. Engineering Electromagnetics; McGraw-Hill Company Ltd., New York, 2006.