iosr-JEEE   Volume-1 ~ Issue-6

Abstract: This work also includes development of a novel voltage control scheme that can compensate for voltage sag, swell, harmonics, and transient conditions in three-phase power systems. Faults occurring in power distribution systems or facilities in plants cause the voltage sag or swell. If a fault occurs, it can damage the power system or user's facility. For sensitive loads, even voltage sags of short duration can cause serious problems in the entire system. Normally, a voltage interruption triggers a protection device, which causes shutdown of the entire system. In order to mitigate power interruptions, this research proposes a scheme called "DYNAMIC VOLTAGE RESTORER (DVR)". The proposed scheme is able to quickly recognize the voltage sag, swell, harmonic and transient condition, and it can correct the voltage by either boosting the input voltage during voltage sag events or reducing the input voltage during voltage swell events. Among existing methods, the scheme based on the inverter system requires an inverter, a transformer, a liner control scheme. The proposed scheme can be applied at any voltage and provides cost and size advantages over existing methods.Simulations and experiments have been carried out to verify the validity of the proposed scheme.
Keywords: FACTS; DVR; Reactive Power; Compensation;

[1] E. Babaei M. FarhadiKangarlu, ―Voltage quality improvement by a dynamic voltage restorer based on a direct three-phase converter with fictitious DC link‖, IET Gener. Transm. Distrib., 2011, Vol. 5, Iss. 8, pp. 814–823
[2] Li, Y.W., Vilathgamuwa, D.M., Blaabjerg, F., Loh, P.C.: ‗A robust control scheme for medium-voltage-level DVR implementation', IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2007, 54, (4), pp. 2249–2261
[3] Wijekoon, H.M., Vilathgamuwa, D.M., Choi, S.S.: ‗Interline dynamic voltage restorer: an economical way to improve interline power quality', IEE Proc., Gener. Transm. Distrib., 2003, 150, (5), pp. 513–520
[4] Li, G.J., Zhang, X.P., Choi, S.S., Lie, T.T., Sun, Y.Z.: ‗Control strategy for dynamic voltage restorers to achieve minimum power injection without introducing sudden phase shift', IET Gener. Transm. Distrib., 2007, 1, (5), pp. 847–853
[5] Wang, B., Venkataramanan, G., Illindala, M.: ‗Operation and control of a dynamic voltage restorer using transformer coupled H-bridge converters', IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2006, 21, (4), pp. 1053–1061
[6] Jowder, F.A.L.: ‗Design and analysis of dynamic voltage restorer for deep voltage sag and harmonic compensation', IET Gener. Transm. Distrib., 2009, 3, (6), pp. 547–560
[7] A.K. Jindal, A. Ghosh, A. Joshi, Critical load bus voltage control using DVR under system frequency variation, Elsevier J. Electric Power Syst. Res. 78 (2) (2008) 255–263.
[8] Y.W. Li, D.M. Vilathgamuwa, F. Blaabjerg, P.C. Loh, Investigation and improvement of transient response of DVR at medium voltage level, IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. 43 (5) (2007) 1309–1319.
[9] C. Fitzer, M. Barnes, P. Green, Voltage sag detection technique for a dynamic voltage restorer, IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. 40 (1) (2004) 203–212.
[10] H.K. Al-Hadidi, A.M. Gole, D.A. Jacobson, A novel configuration for a cascade inverter-based dynamic voltage restorer with reduced energy storage requirements, IEEE Trans. Power Del. 23 (2) (2008) 881–888.

Abstract: Segmentation subdivides an image into its constituent regions or objects. The level to which the subdivision is carried depends on the problem being solved. Color images can increase the quality of segmentation, but increase the complexity of problem. Genetic algorithms are well suited to optimizing complex problems such as image segmentation. This paper gives state- of –art of Genetic Algorithm based segmentation methods. We discuss the feasibility of using genetic algorithms to segment general color images and discuss the issues involved in designing such algorithms.
Keywords – Color image, Genetic algorithms, Segmentation

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Abstract : The purpose of this project is to acquire the remote electrical parameters like Voltage, Current and Frequency and send these real time values over GSM network using GSM Modem/phone along with temperature at power station. This project is also designed to protect the electrical circuitry by operating an Electromagnetic Relay. This Relay gets activated whenever the electrical parameters exceed the predefined values. The Relay can be used to operate a Circuit Breaker to switch off the main electrical supply.
User can send commands in the form of SMS messages to read the remote electrical parameters. This system also can automatically send the real time electrical parameters periodically (based on time settings) in the form of SMS. This system can be designed to send SMS alerts whenever the Circuit Breaker trips or whenever the Voltage or Current exceeds the predefined limits.
This project makes use of an onboard computer which is commonly termed as microcontroller. This onboard computer can efficiently communicate with the different sensors being used. The controller is provided with some internal memory to hold the code. This memory is used to dump some set of assembly instructions into the controller. And the functioning of the controller is dependent on these assembly instructions. The controller is programmed using Embedded C language.
Keyworld: GSM Modem, Initialization of ADC module of microcontroller, PIC-C compiler for Embedded C programming, PIC kit 2 programmer for dumping code into Micro controller, Express SCH for Circuit design, Proteus for hardware simulation.

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