iosr-JECE   Volume-20 ~ Issue-6 ~ Nov. - Dec. 2025

Abstract: Networking has evolved over the decades, leading to improved interactions with modern information technology devices and applications. Software-Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV) have facilitated network automation, encompassing more secured deployments and flexible management. SDN promoted hardware independence, while virtualization’s open ecosystem evolves cloud computing. Software-controlled networks promoted centralized management and resource optimization. Though, campus network spans several kilometers.......

Key Words: Access control, Dot1q, NFV, SDN, Trunking, VLAN

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[3]. Cisco Tech (2020). Vlans Explained: CCNA 201-301. Available In Www.Youtube.Org. Retrieved June 10, 2025.
[4]. Fibreoptic Systems (2025). Available In Https://Www.Fibreoptic.Com. Accessed May 21, 2025.
[5]. Geeks Forgeeks (2023). What Is Virtual LAN? Available In Www.Geeksforgeeks.Org. Retrieved June 10, 2025

Abstract: When we planning for cell mobile area, we should put in our consider the traffic and the coverage area by doing analysis using the TDMA – FDMA mobile cellular communication system. In this paper we collaborates with zain mobile company in Kuwait to see the effect of cell size on the population, average call time, subscriber number per call (SNPC) and call number per hour to get best size of the cell mobile..

Key Words: cell size, population, SNPC, average call time

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Abstract: Existing Electronic Registration Identification (ERI) standards specify installation and basic readability but lack a quantitative, cross-scenario benchmark. We propose a reproducible indoor–outdoor framework with unified geometry and metrics. In a full anechoic chamber, ultra-high-frequency (UHF) ERI windshield tags were tested on ten windshields (920–925 MHz; 0°, 30°, 60°, 90°), reporting activation thresholds, and a Friis-based relative forward-link.......

Key Words: Electronic Registration Identification (ERI); RFID; intelligent transportation systems; windshield materials; forward-link sensitivity

[1]. T. M. Fernández-Caramés, “A Bluetooth 5 Opportunistic Edge Computing System For Vehicular Scenarios,” Eng. Proc., Vol. 27, 2022, Doi: 10.3390/Ecsa-9-13214.
[2]. C. L. Baumbauer, D. A. Baumbauer, And A. C. Arias, “The Effect Of Soil Water Content And Crop Canopy On Passive Uhf-Rfid Wireless Links,” Comput. Electron. Agric., Vol. 237, 2025, Art. No. 110506, Doi: 10.1016/J.Compag.2025.110506.
[3]. S. Fu, G. E. Bridges, And B. Kordi, “Rfid Sensor With Integrated Energy Harvesting For Wireless Measurement Of Dc Magnetic Fields,” Sensors, Vol. 25, No. 10, 2025, Art. No. 3024, Doi: 10.3390/S25103024.
[4]. H. Anam, S. M. Abbas, I. B. Collings, Et Al., “Materials-Driven Advancements In Chipless Radio-Frequency Identification And Antenna Technologies,” Sensors, Vol. 25, No. 9, 2025, Art. No. 2867, Doi: 10.3390/S25092867.
[5]. M. Naveed, U. Sadiq, S. Abubakar, N. Muhammad Waqas, A. Ahmed, I. Muhammad Ali, And A. Qammer H., “Iot Enabled Vehicle Recognition System Using Inkjet-Printed Windshield Tag And 5g Cloud Network,” Internet Things, Vol. 23, 2023.

Abstract: This study examines the relative effectiveness of highly developed Artificial Intelligence (AI) autopilots and trained human pilots in dealing with any in-flight emergency scenarios. The growing role of automation in the cockpit, which was fuelled by the prospect of contributing to a decrease in human error, which is one of the causal factors of most of the aviation accidents, has cast a crucial question: can an AI system be better at crisis management....

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