iosr-JDMS   Volume-9 ~ Issue-1

Abstract: A case control study was done to find out the effects of simple yogic exercise programs (asanas and pranayamas) on selected pulmonary function tests of forty elderly individuals of both sexes, between 50 and 70 years of age, with no active medical disorders. The study was conducted at a selected yoga centre in Siliguri town of Darjeeling district of West Bengal. Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1) and Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) were measured, once initially and again after six weeks of yoga training under supervision of a certified yoga instructor. Two instruments were used: a) A Vitalograpgh Gold Standard Spirometer; b) A Wright's Peak Flow meter. There was definite improvement of ventilatory functions as revealed by significant increase in FVC, FEV1 and PEFR that was measured after 6 weeks. (P<0.05)

Keywords: Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1), Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), yogic exercises, elderly people.

[1]. Bijlani RL. Physiological effects of yogic practices. In: Understanding Medical Physiology; 4th Edition. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers, Ch 17.5, pg 765.
[2]. Belman MJ, Gaesser GA. Ventilatory muscles training in the elderly. J Appl Physiol 1983; 64: 899-905.
[3]. Ahmed QR, Sau SK, Kar SK. An evaluation of pulmonary parameters in two groups of subjects during yoga practice. Nepal Med Coll J 2010; 12(3): 180-182.
[4]. Joshi LN, Joshi VD, Gokhale LV. Effect of short term "Pranayam" practice on breathing rate and ventilatory functions of lungs. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 1992; 36: 105-108.
[5]. Leelver BH, Butter J. Alteration in pulmonary function: In Principles of geriatric medicine 1985; 26: 280-57.
[6]. Birkel DA, Edgren L. Hatha Yoga: Improved vital capacity of college students. Altern Ther Health Med 2000; 6:55-63.
[7]. Nayar HS, Mathur RM, Kumar RS. Effects of yogic exercises on human physical efficiency. Indian J Med Res 1975; 63: 1369-1376.
[8]. Jain SK, Kumar R, Sharma DA. Factors influencing peak expiratory flow rate in normal subjects. Lung India 1983; 3:92-97.
[9]. User Manual: Vitalograph Gold Standard with 12 seconds chart. [Online]. 2004 [cited 2004 Aug 22]; Available from: URL: http://www.vitalograph.com/products/vitalograph _gold_standard.php
[10]. Peak Flow Measurement [Online]. 2011 [cited 2011 Sep 10]; Available from: URL:http://www.muschealth.com/gs/TandPcontent.aspx/pageid=P07755

Abstract: Background: Therapeutic endoscopy in Nigeria is still in its infancy despite its obvious advantages of minimal access trauma, less post operative pain and shorter hospital stay. Although many gastrointestinal procedures are now being performed endoscopically, there are very few reports of experience with therapeutic endoscopy in Nigeria and the range of procedures are limited most times to upper gastrointestinal interventions. This study was aimed at auditing our experience with therapeutic endoscopy in a developing country. Patients and methods: This was a prospective analysis of all consecutive patients with endoscopic diagnoses of oesophageal varices, benign oesophageal strictures and colorectal polyps that had injection sclerotherapy and rubber band ligation for the varices, oesophageal dilatation for strictures and snare polypectomy for the colorectal polyps. Results: A total of 87 patients had therapeutic endoscopic interventions. Their ages ranged from 11 to 53yrs with a mean age of 37.4 +/- 9.3yrs. There were 63 males and 24 females (M: F = 2.7: 1). Seventy patients (80.5%) had rubber band ligation, while 8 (9.2%) had injection sclerotherapy of oesophageal varices. Six patients (6.9%) had rectal and colonic polypectomies while three patients (3.4%) had dilatation of benign distal oesophageal strictures. Massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding was recorded in one patient complicating injection sclerotherapy. There was no mortality in this study. Conclusion: Therapeutic endoscopy is a safe and worthwhile method of treating gastrointestinal diseases in our environment and the types of pathologies treatable this way is bound to increase as the expertise and equipment become more widely available.

Keywords: Audit, endoscopy, Nigeria, Therapeutic.

[1]. Wright G, Lewis H, Hogan B, Burroughs A, Patch D, O'Beirne J. A self-expanding metal stent for complicated variceal hemorrhage: experience at a single center. Gastrointest Endosc. 2010 Jan;71(1):71-8.
[2]. Zubritskii VF, Zabelin MV, Sal'nikov AA, Konenkova MA, Davydov DO. [Minimal invasive treatment of bleeding of esophagus and stomach varices in patients with portal hypertension]. Eksp Klin Gastroenterol. 2010(5):48-51.
[3]. Schembre DB. Endoscopic therapeutic esophageal interventions: old, new, borrowed and . . . methylene blue? Curr Opin

Abstract: Iron deficiency is the most common cause of anemia in pregnancy. The conventional iron preparations with ferrous salts showed noncompliance due to various side effects when compared to iron polymaltose complex. But the efficacy of iron polymaltose complex (IPC) in the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) during pregnancy has not been established, and the evidence is inconclusive. The aim of this study was to compare efficacy, safety, compliance and cost-effectiveness of ferrous sulphate (FS) with IPC in antenatal women. 100 antenatal women with 14 to 20 weeks of gestation were recruited in the study, one group of 50 women were given FS and the other group of 50 women were given IPC for 6 weeks. Haemoglobin concentration (Hb), Packed cell volume(PCV),Mean Corposcular Haemoglobin concentration and serum iron were estimated before and after treatment with the above iron formulations. Compliance with pill count and safety with adverse effects monitoring in followup were noted. Statistical analysis was done with student's T test and chi square test. The improvement of haematological parameters was comparable in both groups statistically but compliance and safety were better with the IPC group when compared to FS group. IPC is a better alternative to FS as it is safe and showed more compliance.

Key words: Iron deficiency anemia, Iron polymaltose complex, haemoglobin, Serum iron, compliance.

[1]. World Health Organization. The prevalence of anaemia in women: a tabulation of available information. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 1992.
[2]. Sharma JB. Nutritional anaemia during pregnancy in non-industrialised countries. In: Studd J, editor. Progress in Obstetrics and Gynaecology. New Delhi: Churchill Livingstone; 2003. pp. 103–122.
[3]. Robbins and Cotran, Pathologic basis of disease 8th edition,(saunders Elsevier,2009) chapter-14, pg.no. 639-645.
[4]. Jacobs P, Johnson G, Wood L. Oral iron therapy in human subjects, comparative absorption between ferrous salts and iron polymaltose. J Med. 1984;15:367–377. [PubMed]
[5]. Tietz NW. In: Textbook of Clinical Chemistry. Tietz NW, editor. Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders Co.; 1986. pp. 1578–1583.
[6]. Jacobs P, Wormald LA, Gregory MC. Absorption of iron polymaltose and ferrous sulphate in rats and humans – a comparative study. S Afr Med J. 1979;26:1065–1072. [PubMed]
[7]. Reddy PSN, Adsul BB, Gandewar K, Korde KM, Desai A. Evaluation of efficacy and safety of iron polymaltose complex and folic acid (Mumfer) vs iron formulation (ferrous fumarate) in female patients with anemia. J Indian Med Assoc. 2001;99:154–155. [PubMed]
[8]. Badhwar VR, Rao S, Fonseca MM. Comparative efficacy and safety of iron polymaltose+folic acid and oral ferrous fumarate in the treatment of adult patients with iron deficiency anemia. Indian Med Gazette. 2003;136:296–301.
[9]. Mehta BC. Ineffectiveness of ironpolymaltose treatment of iron deficiency anaemia. Journal of the Association of Physicians of India. 2003;51:419–421. [PubMed]
[10]. Mehta BC. Iron hydroxide polymaltose complex –cause of persistent anemia at delivery. Indian J Med Sci. 2001;55:616–620. [PubMed]

Abstract: Objective: To estimate the level of umbilical cord TSH in term Neonates in Manipur Study design and setting: Cross-sectional study conducted in the Dept. of Biochemistry in collaboration with Dept. of Pediatrics and Dept. of Obstetrics &Gynaecology, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Imphal (Manipur). Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected from the umbilical cord of 500 term newborn infants at the time of birth of the baby. Thus a mixed cord blood sample including both from the umbilical artery and vein was obtained and Thyroid stimulating hormone level (TSH) was estimated within 24 hrs by enzyme immunoassay. Results: The birth weights ranged between 2.5 to 4.0 kg. The male: female ratio was 205:295. TSH values ranged from 2.8-52.3mlU/L. The mean value was 13.264mlU/L. A cut –off value of 20 mlU/L was used for recall testing of complete thyroid profile (T3, T4 and TSH). Forty seven infants were recalled for repeating complete thyroid profile

Key words: Hypothyroidism, TSH, cord blood

[1]. Kleigman RM, Behrman RE, Stanton BF, editors. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 19th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders;2012: 1895-1903.
[2]. Newborn screening for congenital hypothyroidism: recommended guidelines,AAP policy statement.Paediatrics 1993:91;1203-1209
[3]. Arun Kumar Manglik ,Nandita Chatterjee and Gautam Ghosh .Umbilical Cord Blood TSH Levels in Term Neonates: A screening tool for congenital hypothyroism,Indian Pediatrics 2005;42:1029-1032
[4]. Fuse Y, Wakae E, Nemoto Y, Uga N, Tanaka M, Maeda M, Tada H, Miyachi Y, Irie M. Inflence of perinatal factors and sampling methods on TSH and thyroid hormone levels in cord blood. Endocrinol Jpn.1991 Jun; 38(3): 297-302.S
[5]. Walfish PG.Evaluation of three thyroid-function screening tests for detecting neonatal hypothyroidism. Lancet.1976 Jun 5; 1(1971): 1208-10.
[6]. Vulsma T, GonsMH,de Vijlder JJ. Maternal-fetal transfer of thyroxine in congenital hypothyroidism due to a total organification defect or thyroid agenesis. N Engl J Med.1989;321: 13-16
[7]. Kester MH.Martinez de MenaR ,ObgeronMJ et al.Iodothyronine levels in human developing brain: major regulatory roles of iododothyronine deiodenases in different areas.J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004; 24:3117-3128
[8]. Glinoer D. Potential consequences of maternal hypothyroidism on the offspring : evidence and implications. Horm Res 2001:55: 109-114
[9]. Haddow JE , Palomaki GE, Allan WC et al . Maternal thyroid during pregnancy and consequent neuropsycological development of the child .n Engl J Med . 1999; 341: 549-555
[10]. Morreale de Escober G, Obregon MJ, Escobar del Rey F.Is neuropsychological development related to maternal hypothyroidism or to maternal hypothyroxinemia ? J Clin Endocrinol Metab.2000; 85: 3975-3987