iosr-JDMS   Volume-24 ~ Issue-8 ~ August 2025

Abstract: Atrial fibrillation (AF), typically linked to cardiovascular risk factors, is rarely associated with primary brain tumors without thoracic involvement. This case report describes a 46-year-old man with no prior medical history who presented with palpitations and a syncopal episode. Initial evaluation revealed rapid AF, which was managed with electrical cardioversion. Normal echocardiography ruled out intracardiac thrombus. However, a brain CT uncovered a left frontoparietal tumor, indicating a neurocardiogenic mechanism for AF. This rare case highlights....

Keywords: atrial fibrillation, brain tumor, arrhythmia, neurocardiogenic mechanism, anticoagulation, syncope.

[1] Sellal JM, Hammache N, Echivard M. Atrial Fibrillation In 2025: Diagnosis And Treatment. Rev Med Interne. 2025 Mar 12. Doi: 10.1016/J.Revmed.2025.02.010.
[2] Pawar NH, Vasanwala FF, Chua M. Brain Tumor Causing Atrial Fibrillation In An Otherwise Healthy Patient. Cureus. 2017;9(8):E1601. Doi:10.7759/Cureus.1601. PMID: 29067225; PMCID: PMC5652892.
[3] Comelli I, Lippi G, Campana V, Servadei F, Cervellin G. Clinical Presentation And Epidemiology Of Brain Tumors Firstly Diagnosed In Adults In The Emergency Department: A 10-Year, Single Center Retrospective Study. Ann Transl Med. 2017;5(13):269. Doi:10.21037/Atm.2017.06.12. PMID: 28758095; PMCID: PMC5515810.
[4] Ay C, Grilz E, Nopp S, Moik F, Königsbrügge O, Klimek P, Et Al. Atrial Fibrillation And Cancer: Prevalence And Relative Risk From A Nationwide Study. Res Pract Thromb Haemost. 2022;7(1):100026. Doi:10.1016/J.Rpth.2022.100026. PMID: 36891526; PMCID: PMC9986100.
[5] Hajjar LA, Fonseca SMR, Machado TIV. Atrial Fibrillation And Cancer. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2021 Jul 15;8:590768. Doi

Abstract: Background: Cataract is a leading cause of visual impairment worldwide, and surgical intervention remains the definitive treatment. Objectives: To compare postoperative intraocular pressure changes in patients undergoing MSICS and phacoemulsification for senile cataract. Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted over 18 months in the Ophthalmology Department of a tertiary care centre....

Keywords: Intraocular pressure, manual small incision cataract surgery, phacoemulsification, randomized controlled trial, Senile cataract

[1] Rao Gullapalli, Khanna Rohit, Payal Abhishek. The Global Burden Of Cataract. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2011;22(1):4-9.
[2] Batlle Juan, Lansingh Van, Silva Juan, Eckert Kristen, Resnikoff Serge. Cataract Situation In Latin America: Barriers To Cataract Surgery. Am J Ophthalmol. 2014;158(2):242-250.
[3] Mojon-Azzi Stefania, Mojon Daniel. Waiting Times For Cataract Surgery In Ten European Countries: An Analysis Using Data From The SHARE Survey. Br J Ophthalmol. 2007;91(3):282 286.
[4] Aruta Alessandro, Marenco Marco, Marinozzi Silvia. History Of Cataract Surgery.Medicina Nei Secoli. 2009;21(1):403-428.
[5] Bilak S, Simsek A, Capkin M, Et Al. Biometric And Intraocular Pressure Change After Cataract Surgery. Optom Vis Sci 2015;92: 464–70.

Abstract: Background: Spindle cell lesions of the oral cavity often pose diagnostic challenges, clinically resembling reactive gingival overgrowths such as fibrous epulis. Accurate differentiation between benign and malignant spindle cell tumors is essential, as management strategies and prognosis vary significantly. Case report: A 42-year-old female presented with a painless, fibrous, pedunculated growth (1.5 × 1.5 cm) on the interdental papilla between.......

Keywords: Benign spindle cell tumor; Fibrous epulis mimic; Oral cavity; CD34-negative; Case report

[1] Neville BW, Damm DD, Allen CM, Chi AC. Oral And Maxillofacial Pathology. 4th Ed. Elsevier; 2016.
[2] Goldblum JR, Folpe AL, Weiss SW. Enzinger And Weiss’s Soft Tissue Tumors. 7th Ed. Elsevier; 2020.
[3] Smith ML, Folpe AL. CD34: A Review. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol. 2004;12(3):195–203.
[4] Ramachandra S, Et Al. Fibrous Epulis: A Review. J Int Oral Health. 2015;7(2):157–159.
[5] Riddle PJ, Et Al. Immunohistochemical Distinction Of Benign Spindle Cell Tumors. Mod Pathol. 2000;13(3):225–232.

Abstract: The primary aim of aesthetic dental procedures is to meet patients’ expectations by enhancing facial and smile aesthetics. Over the past two decades, smile design has evolved from two-dimensional techniques to advanced three-dimensional, computer-aided approaches. Digital Smile Design (DSD) has become a prominent tool in this transformation, allowing clinicians to digitally plan and simulate smile enhancements before beginning actual treatment. DSD enables patients to visualize proposed outcomes and actively participate in the design process, resulting in personalized and satisfactory aesthetic solutions. Various digital smile design software platforms are now widely used in clinical practice, offering increased accuracy and efficiency in treatment planning. Research supports the effectiveness......

Key Word: Digital Smile Design; Aesthetic dentistry; CAD-CAM; Artificial Intelligence.

[1]. Cervino, G. Et Al. Antibiotic Prophylaxis On Third Molar Extraction: Systematic Review Of Recent Data. Antibiotics 8, 53 (2019).
[2]. Thomas, P. A. Et Al. Digital Smile Design. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 14, S43–S49 (2022).
[3]. Coachman, C., Calamita, M. A., Coachman, F. G., Coachman, R. G. & Sesma, N. Facially Generated And Cephalometric Guided 3D Digital Design For Complete Mouth Implant Rehabilitation: A Clinical Report. J Prosthet Dent 117, 577–586 (2017).
[4]. Coachman, C. & Calamita, M. Digital Smile Design: A Tool For Treatment Planning And Communication In Esthetic Dentistry. Quintessence Of Dental Technology (QDT) 35, 103 (2012).
[5]. Chisnoiu, A. M. Et Al. Smile Design And Treatment Planning—Conventional Versus Digital—A Pilot Study. J Pers Med 13, 1028 (2023).

Abstract: Introduction: Common Mental Disorders (CMDs) such as depression, anxiety, and somatoform disorders contribute significantly to the mental health burden in India. Urban populations in West Bengal face unique socio-economic and psychosocial stressors; however, community-based prevalence data are scarce. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of CMDs among adults in selected urban areas of West Bengal and identify associated sociodemographic and psychosocial factors.
Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was......

Key Word: Common mental disorders, Depression, Anxiety, Risk factors, Urban health, West Bengal

[1] Vos T, Et Al. Global Burden Of 369 Diseases And Injuries In 204 Countries And Territories, 1990–2019: A Systematic Analysis For The Global Burden Of Disease Study 2019. Lancet. 2020;396(10258):1204–1222. Doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30925-9
[2] Gururaj G, Et Al. National Mental Health Survey Of India, 2015–16: Summary. Bengaluru: NIMHANS; 2016.
[3] Patel V, Et Al. Addressing The Burden Of Mental, Neurological, And Substance Use Disorders: Key Messages From Disease Control Priorities, 3rd Edition. Lancet. 2016;387(10028):1672–1685. Doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00390-6
[4] Peen J, Et Al. The Current Status Of Urban–Rural Differences In Psychiatric Disorders. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2010;121(2):84–93. Doi:10.1111/J.1600-0447.2009.01438.X
[5] Reddy VM, Chandrashekar CR. Prevalence Of Mental And Behavioural Disorders In India: A Meta-Analysis. Indian J Psychiatry. 1998;40(2):149–157.

Abstract: Dental caries continues to be one of the most common oral health challenges in children, with its development influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Identifying reliable, non-invasive markers that can predict susceptibility at an early stage may significantly improve preventive care. This study explored whether lip print patterns (cheiloscopy) and palatal rugae patterns (rugoscopy)—both structures that share a common embryological origin with teeth—could be associated with dental caries in children. Thirty children between 3 and 7 years of age were examined......

[1] Sanghani PH, Soni HK, Joshi MU. Correlation Of Dental Caries And Dermatoglyphics In Pediatric Cases. Indian J Dent Sci 2016;8:131‑4.10.4103/0976-4003.191735
[2] Saraswathi TR, Mishra G, Ranganathan K. Study Of Lip Prints.J Forensic Dent Sci 2009;1:28.10.4103/0974-2948.50885
[3] Sharma A, Somani R. Dermatoglyphic Interpretation Of Dental Caries And Its Correlation To Salivary Bacteria Interactions: An In Vivo Study. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2009;27:17‑21.10.4103/0970-4388.50811
[4] Lysell L. Plicae Palatinaetransversae And Papilla Incisiva In Man; A Morphologic And Genetic Study. Acta Odontol Scand 1955;13:5‑137.10.1016/0002-9416(55)90193-7
[5] Thomas CJ, Kotze TJ. The Palatal Ruga Pattern: A New Classification. J Dent Assoc S Afr1983;38:153‑7

Abstract: Abstract: Resin bonded fixed partial dentures (RBFPDs) represent a conservative and minimally invasive solution for the replacement of missing teeth, particularly suitable for single-tooth replacement in the anterior region. Despite their advantages, including preservation of tooth structure and relatively straightforward clinical procedures, their adoption remains limited among dental practitioners due to concerns regarding long-term retention and failure rates. This review ......

Keywords: Resin bonded FPD, Rochette bridge, conservative preparation, minimally invasive procedure.

[1] Pjetursson BE, Tan WC, Tan K, Brägger U, Zwahlen M, Lang NP. A Systematic Review Of The Survival And Complication
Rates Of Resin-Bonded Bridges After An Observation Period Of At Least 5 Years. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2008
Feb;19(2):131–41
[2] Siddique R, Sureshbabu NM, Somasundaram J, Jacob B, Selvam D. Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis Of Precipitate
Formation Following Interaction Of Chlorhexidine With Sodium Hypochlorite, Neem, And Tulsi. J Conserv Dent. 2019 Jan-
Feb;22(1):40–7.
[3] Van Heumen CCM, Tanner J, Van Dijken JWV, Pikaar R, Lassila LVJ, Creugers NHJ, Et Al. Fiveyear Survival Of 3-Unit Fiber-
Reinforced Composite Fixed Partial Dentures In The Posterior Area. Dent Mater. 2010 Oct;26(10):954–60.
[4] Kern M. Rbfdps: Resin-Bonded Fixed Dental Prostheses: Minimally Invasive - Esthetic - Reliable. 2017. 254 P.
[5] Shillingburg HT. Fundamentals Of Fixed Prosthodontics. 3rd Ed. Chicago: Quintessencepub; 1997.

Abstract: Background: Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity throughout the world. Acute coronary syndrome refers to any group of symptoms attributed to obstruction of coronary arteries. Depression is a leading cause of worldwide disability and suffering. Aim of the study: The goal of this study was to assess the impact of on admission depression on short-term prognosis of patients presenting with ACS.
Methods: This observational.....

Keywords: Depression, coronary heart disease, ACS.

[1]. Murray, C.J.L. and Lopez, A.D., 1996. The global burden of disease: a comprehensive assessment of mortality and disability from deceases, injuries and risk factors in 1990 and projected to 2010. Harvard University Press, 1, pp.1–35.
[2]. Schoen FJ, 2010. The heart. In: K. V, A. AK, F. N and Aster J, eds., Robbins and Cotran pathologic basis of disease, 8th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, p.529–587.
[3]. Monwarul Islam, A.K.M. and Majumder, A.A.S., 2013. Coronary artery disease in Bangladesh: A review. Indian Heart Journal, [online] 65(4), pp.424–435.
[4]. Poole, L., Dickens, C. and Steptoe, A., 2011. The puzzle of depression and acute coronary syndrome: Reviewing the role of acute inflammation. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, [online] 71(2), pp.61–68.
[5]. Osler, M., Mårtensson, S., Wium-Andersen, I.K., Prescott, E., Andersen, P.K., Jørgensen, T.S.H., Carlsen, K., Wium-Andersen, M.K. and Jørgensen, M.B., 2016. Depression After First Hospital Admission for Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Study of Time of Onset and Impact on Survival. American Journal of Epidemiology, [online] 183(3), pp.218–226.

Abstract: Background: Caesarean section is a life-saving medical operation for women and their newborns, but it is overused, which is a public health concern. It is critical to study the prevalence and indications of cesarean deliveries at Bangladesh's public emergency obstetric care (EmOC) hospitals.
Aim of the study: The study aims to evaluate the prevalence of cesarean deliveries and their indications at a public emergency obstetric care (EmOC......

Keywords: Caesarean, delivery, obstetric.

[1]. National Institute of Population Research and Training (NIPORT), Mitra and Associates, Macro International. Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2007. http://www.unicef.org/bangladesh/BDHS2007_Final.pdf. Published March 2009. Accessed December 29, 2013.
[2]. USAID, Australian Government Aid Program, UNFPA, MEASURE Evaluation, icddr, b, NIPORT. Bangladesh Maternal Mortality and Health Care Survey 2010. http:// hpnconsortium.org/admin/essential/BMMS_2010.pdf. Published 2012. Accessed December 29, 2013.
[3]. Bullough C, Meda N, Makowiecka K, Ronsmans C, Achadi EL, Hussein J. Current strategies for the reduction of maternal mortality. BJOG 2005; 112(9):1180–8.
[4]. Islam MT, Haque YA, Waxman R, Bhuiyan AB. Implementation of emergency obstetric care training in Bangladesh: lessons learned. Reprod Health Matters 2006;14(27):61–72.
[5]. Islam MT, Hossain MM, Islam MA, Haque YA. Improvement of coverage and utilization of EmOC services in southwestern Bangladesh. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2005;91(3): 298–305

Abstract: Introduction: Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) at term, defined as spontaneous rupture of fetal membranes after 37 weeks of gestation but before the onset of labor, poses significant clinical management challenges. The primary concern lies in balancing the risks of maternal and neonatal infection with those associated with early delivery. This study aims to evaluate and compare these strategies to guide evidence-based clinical decision-making.

Keywords: PROM, Neonatal Outcomes, Expectant Management, Labor Induction

[1]. Kuba K, Bernstein PS. ACOG practice bulletin no. 188: prelabor rupture of membranes. Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2018;131(6):1163–4.
[2]. Simhan HN, Canavan TP. Preterm premature rupture of membranes: diagnosis, evaluation and management strategies. BJOG. 2005 Mar;112(s1):32–7.
[3]. Van Der Ham DP, Vijgen SM, Nijhuis JG, Van Beek JJ, Opmeer BC, Mulder AL, et al. Induction of labor versus expectant management in women with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes between 34 and 37 weeks: a randomized controlled trial. PLoS medicine. 2012;9(4):e1001208.
[4]. Kenyon S, Pike K, Jones DR, Brocklehurst P, Marlow N, Salt A, et al. Childhood outcomes after prescription of antibiotics to pregnant women with preterm rupture of the membranes: 7-year follow-up of the ORACLE I trial. The Lancet. 2008;372(9646):1310–8.
[5]. Chiossi G, Di Tommaso M, Monari F, Consonni S, Strambi N, Zoccoli SG, et al. Neonatal outcomes and risk of neonatal sepsis in an expectantly managed cohort of late preterm prelabor rupture of membranes. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology. 2013;261:1–6.

Abstract: Background: Hemorrhoids are among the most common anorectal disorders worldwide, often requiring surgical management for advanced grades or recurrent symptoms. Despite their prevalence, region-specific data on clinical profiles and surgical outcomes remain limited in Bangladesh. Aim of the study: To evaluate the clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of patients with hemorrhoids undergoing operative management in a tertiary care center......

Keywords: Hemorrhoids; Hemorrhoidectomy; Surgical outcome; Postoperative complications; Bangladesh

[1]. Nallajerla S, Ganta S. A comprehensive review on hemorrhoids a recto anal disorder. Pharmacologyonline. 2021 Apr 30; 1:270-82.
[2]. Kaiser AM, Ortega AE. Anorectal anatomy. Surgical Clinics. 2002 Dec 1;82(6):1125-38.
[3]. Kukreja AN. Haemorrhoids: Aetiology to Management. InAnorectal Disorders-From Diagnosis to Treatment 2023 Oct 6. IntechOpen.
[4]. Hollingshead JR, Phillips RK. Haemorrhoids: modern diagnosis and treatment. Postgraduate medical journal. 2016 Jan;92(1083):4-8.
[5]. Mahmud MU, Hossain MM, Ghosh AK, Reza R. Etiological spectrum of diseases among the patients presenting with per rectal bleeding attending at surgery outpatient department in a tertiary level hospital. Journal of Chittagong Medical College Teachers' Association. 2022 Jun 30;33(1):9-14.

Abstract: Background: Hypertension is a prevalent chronic condition worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, where poor adherence to antihypertensive medication remains a significant barrier to effective blood pressure control. Aim of the study: To determine the prevalence of antihypertensive medication adherence and identify associated predictors among......

Keywords: Hypertension, Medication adherence, Predictors, Tertiary care, Bangladesh, Blood pressure control.

[1]. Burnier M, Damianaki A. Hypertension as cardiovascular risk factor in chronic kidney disease. Circulation research. 2023 Apr 14;132(8):1050-63.
[2]. Farhadi F, Aliyari R, Ebrahimi H, Hashemi H, Emamian MH, Fotouhi A. Prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension and its associated factors in 50–74 years old Iranian adults: a population-based study. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders. 2023 Jun 24;23(1):318.
[3]. Patel P, Ordunez P, DiPette D, Escobar MC, Hassell T, Wyss F, Hennis A, Asma S, Angell S, Standardized Hypertension Treatment and Prevention Network. Improved blood pressure control to reduce cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality: the standardized hypertension treatment and prevention project. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension. 2016 Dec;18(12):1284-94.
[4]. Ghosh PK, Harun MG, Shanta IS, Islam A, Jannat KK, Mannan H. Prevalence and determinants of hypertension among older adults: A comparative analysis of the 6th and 8th national health surveys of Bangladesh. Plos one. 2023 Oct 16;18(10):e0292989.
[5]. Poulter NR, Borghi C, Parati G, Pathak A, Toli D, Williams B, Schmieder RE. Medication adherence in hypertension. Journal of hypertension. 2020 Apr 1;38(4):579-87.

Abstract: In patients who have become completely edentulous, labial ridge undercut is more frequently observed in the maxilla than the mandible. Therefore represents a serious risk to the final aesthetic result. An innovative technique is required for the fabrication of a complete denture since the conventional labial flange may limit function, impair aesthetics, and compromise the muscles of facial expression and facial support. In order to improve the patient's facial appearance, this case study details an innovative, cost-effective, nonsurgical treatment approach for fabricating a complete denture in a patient with a noticeable labial undercut.

Keywords: Flangeless denture, Labial flange, Labial undercut

[1]. Jain AR. Ridge grip esthetic prosthesis: an alternative conventional removable partial denture- a case report. Am J Oral Med Radiol. 2015;2(1):44 6.
[2]. Lawson WA. Objectives of pre prosthetic surgery. Br J Oral Surg. 1972;10:175-88.
[3]. Terry BC, Zarb GH. Report on 4th international congress on preprosthetic surgery. Int J Oral Maxillofacial Surg. 1991;20:314−6.
[4]. Obwegeser H. Surgical preparation of the maxilla for prosthesis. J Oral Surg. 1964;22:127−34.
[5]. Hillerup S. Preprosthetic surgery in the elderly. J Prosthet Dent. 1994;72:551 8.
[6]. Keni Nandita N, Aras Meena A. Modified flange complete denture for labially inclined premaxilla. Indian J Dent Advancements. 2010;2:1-3..

Abstract: Background: Bleeding disorders are divided into: coagulation factor deficiency: von Willebrand disease and Hemophilia, platelet disorders, or drug-induced: antiplatelet or anti-coagulant medications. Patients with bleeding disorders may exhibit prolonged excessive bleeding during and after invasive oral and maxillofacial procedures. This review aims to provide an overview of bleeding disorders and management guidelines based on current literature for clinicians to prevent complications in patients with bleeding disorders........

Keywords: Bleeding disorders, management guidelines, maxillofacial

[1]. Shevell L, Lee AI. (2022). Normal Hemostasis. In: Cecil Essentials Of Medicine. 10th Ed. Elsevier; 522-529.
[2]. Kamoh, A., & Swantek, J. (2012). Hemostasis In Oral Surgery. Dental Clinics Of North America, 56(1), 17–Vii. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Cden.2011.06.004
[3]. Kumbargere Nagraj, S., Prashanti, E., Aggarwal, H., Lingappa, A., Muthu, M. S., Kiran Kumar Krishanappa, S., & Hassan, H. (2018). Interventions For Treating Post-Extraction Bleeding. The Cochrane Database Of Systematic Reviews, 3(3), CD011930.
Https://Doi.Org/10.1002/14651858.CD011930.Pub3
[4]. Vries, M. J., Van Der Meijden, P. E., Kuiper, G. J., Nelemans, P. J., Wetzels, R. J., Van Oerle, R. G., Lancé, M. D., Ten Cate, H., & Henskens, Y. M. (2018). Preoperative Screening For Bleeding Disorders: A Comprehensive Laboratory Assessment Of Clinical Practice. Research And Practice In Thrombosis And Haemostasis, 2(4), 767–777. Https://Doi.Org/10.1002/Rth2.12114
[5]. Papadiochos, I., Strantzias, P., Bourazani, M., Derila, A., & Petsinis, V. (2024). A "Tie-Over" Hemostatic Approach In Emergency Department: An Alternative Option For Recurrent Episodes Of Postoperative Intraoral Hemorrhage. Journal Of Maxillofacial And Oral Surgery, 23 (2), 402–408. Https://Doi.Org/10.1007/S12663-023-01983-8

Abstract: Objective. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate and measure the prevalence of elongated styloid processes in relation to right and left sides on dry human skulls. Materials and methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, RVS Dental College and Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. It included 200 dry human skulls of regular morphology without any deformities. The lengths of the styloid processes were measured using digital vernier caliper, from the base to the tip. Results: Out of 200 specimens, 9 skulls (4.5%) exhibited an elongated styloid process. The mean length of the styloid process was 24.27 mm on the right side and 24.46 mm on the left side. No statistically significant difference was observed between the two sides.........

Keywords: Elongated styloid process, dry human skulls, digital vernier caliper, eagle syndrome.

[1] Koshy JM, Narayan M, Narayanan S, Priya BS, Sumathy G. Elongated styloid process: A study. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2015 Apr;7(Suppl 1):S131-3. Doi: 10.4103/0975-7406.155861. PMID: 26015690; PMCID: PMC4439650.
[2] Saccomanno S, Greco F, DE Corso E, Lucidi D, Deli R, D’Addona A, Paludetti G. Eagle’s Syndrome, from clinical presentation to diagnosis and surgical treatment: a case report. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 2018 Apr;38(2):166-169. Doi: 10.14639/0392-100X-1479. PMID: 29967562; PMCID: PMC6028820.
[3] Thoenissen P, Bittermann G, Schmelzeisen R, Oshima T, Fretwurst T. Eagle’s syndrome-A non-perceived differential diagnosis of temporomandibular disorder. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2015;15:123-6. Doi: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2015.08.036. Epub 2015 Aug 28. PMID: 26342352; PMCID: PMC4601974.
[4] More CB, Asrani MK. Evaluation of the styloid process on digital panoramic radiographs. Indian J Radiol Imaging. 2010 Nov;20(4):261-5. Doi: 10.4103/0971-3026.73537. PMID: 21423900; PMCID: PMC3056622.
[5] Kim SM, Seo MH, Myoung H, Choi JY, Kim YS, Lee SK. Osteogenetic changes in elongated styloid processes of Eagle syndrome patients. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2014 Jul;42(5):661-7. Doi: 10.1016/j.jcms.2013.09.012. Epub 2013 Sep 28. PMID: 24161467.

Abstract: Hybrid Verrucous Carcinoma is an uncommon tumor wherein Verrucous Carcinoma is coexisting with conventional Squamous Cell Carcinoma within same field. We report a case of hybrid verrucous carcinoma identified incidentally in a postoperative case. Hybrid lesions composed of typical Verrucous Carcinoma and invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma accounts for about 20% of oral Verrucous Carcinoma and carries better prognosis than invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma. This case is presented to highlight the importance of thorough microscopic examination in patients with verrucous carcinoma.

Keywords: Hybrid verrucous carcinoma, Squamous cell carcinoma, Prognosis.

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