iosr-JDMS   Volume-24 ~ Issue-4 ~ April 2025

Abstract: Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HTN) being two of its most significant risk factors. This study aimed to evaluate the association between DM, HTN, and the severity of CAD among patients in Bangladesh. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the Department of Cardiology, MMCH, from November 2023 to.......

Keywords: Coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, angiography, Bangladesh.

[1] Yen FS, Wei JC, Chiu LT, Hsu CC, Hwu CM. Diabetes, Hypertension, And Cardiovascular Disease Development. Journal Of Translational Medicine. 2022 Dec;20:1-2.
[2] Ullah AA, Hossain ML, Rahman MM, Ali MH, Hasan MR. Association Of Coronary Artery Disease With Hypertension, Diabetes And Chronic Kidney Disease. Glob Acad J Med Sci. 2023;5.
[3] Islam SM, Ahmed S, Uddin R, Siddiqui MU, Malekahmadi M, Al Mamun A, Alizadehsani R, Khosravi A, Nahavandi S. Cardiovascular Diseases Risk Prediction In Patients With Diabetes: Posthoc Analysis From A Matched Case-Control Study In Bangladesh. Journal Of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders. 2021 Jun;20:417-25.
[4] Sathi NJ, Islam MA, Ahmed MS, Islam SM. Prevalence, Trends And Associated Factors Of Hypertension And Diabetes Mellitus In Bangladesh: Evidence From BHDS 2011 And 2017–18. Plos One. 2022 May 3;17(5):E0267243.

Abstract: This case report presents the use of a custom-made mold for high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy in the treatment of early-stage squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the lower lip. The technique provided effective tumor control with excellent cosmetic and functional outcomes. Customized radiation stents, including tissue bolus and tongue-depressing types, were used to enhance dose precision and minimize radiation to surrounding healthy tissues. Close collaboration between the surgeon, radiation oncologist, and prosthodontist played a key role in treatment success and reducing post-therapy complications........

[1] Guinot JL, Et Al. "Exclusive HDR Brachytherapy For Lip Carcinoma." Radiother Oncol. 2004.
[2] Nag S, Et Al. "American Brachytherapy Society Recommendations For HDR Brachytherapy For Head And Neck Cancer." Brachytherapy. 2001.
[3] Kander's JH, Fleming TJ, Ang KK, Maor MH, Peters LJ (1992) Devices Valuable In Head And Neck Radiotherapy. Into J Riadial Once Boil Phys 23(3): 639-645.
[4] Chambers MS, Tooth BB, Fleming TJ, Lemon JC (1995) Oral And Dental Management Of The Cancer Patient: Prevention And Treatment Of Complications. Support Care Cancer 3: 168-175.
[5] Palates J, Gilliam KK (2008) Oral Care Protocols For Patients Undergoing Cancer Therapy. Gen Dent 464-478..

Abstract: Background: The pontic, a crucial part of a fixed partial denture, is designed to restore function, esthetics, and support hygiene while minimizing trauma to underlying tissues. This study aimed to evaluate the tissue response and hygiene outcomes beneath ridgelap and modified ridgelap pontics over time. Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to evaluate tissue response under ridgelap and modified ridgelap pontics in relation to plaque accumulation and food impaction.......

Keywords: Ridgelap Pontic, Modified Ridgelap Pontic, Tissue Response, Plaque Accumulation, Food Impaction..

[1] Anthony HT. A Sanitary Arc-Fixed Partial Denture: Concept And Technique Of Pontic Design. J Prosthet Dent. 1983;50(3):338-41.
[2] Barnes CM, Russell CM, Reinhardt RA. Comparison Of Irrigation To Floss As An Adjunct To Tooth Brushing: Effect Of Bleeding, Gingivitis And Supragingival Plaque. J Clin Dent. 2005;16:71-7.
[3] Becker CM. Current Theories Of Crown Contour, Margin Placement And Pontic Design. J Prosthet Dent. 2005;93(2):107-14.
[4] Carranza FA. Gingival Index And Plaque Index. In: Clinical Periodontology. 8th Ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1996. P. 63-8.
[5] Cavazos E, Richardson JT, Wells RN. Pontics For Fixed Prosthodontics. In: Tylman's Theory And Practice Of Fixed Prosthodontics. 8th Ed. St. Louis: Ishiyaku Euroamerica; 1997. P. 357-69.

Abstract: Background: Hepatitis B is a highly contagious liver disease affecting nearly one-third of the global population, with Bangladesh facing a significant burden. This study seeks to fill the gap in understanding the role of socioeconomic and occupational factors in HBV infection, particularly within a hospital-based population, by exploring how these factors influence HBV transmission and outcomes in a hospital setting. Aim of the study: The aim of the study was........

Keywords: Hepatitis B, Socioeconomic Factors, Occupational Trends, Chronic Infection

[1] World Health Organization. Interim guidance for country validation of viral hepatitis elimination. InInterim guidance for country validation of viral hepatitis elimination 2021.
[2] McMahon BJ, Holck P, Bulkow L, Snowball M. Serologic and clinical outcomes of 1536 Alaska Natives chronically infected with hepatitis B virus. Annals of internal medicine. 2001 Nov 6;135(9):759-68.
[3] McMahon BJ, Holck P, Bulkow L, Snowball M. Serologic and clinical outcomes of 1536 Alaska Natives chronically infected with hepatitis B virus. Annals of internal medicine. 2001 Nov 6;135(9):759-68[4] Lavanchy D. Hepatitis B virus epidemiology, disease burden, treatment and current and emerging prevention and control measures. Journal of viral hepatitis. 2004 Mar;11(2):97-107.
[5] Munshi SU, Tran TT, Vo TN, Tabassum S, Sultana N, Nguyen TH, Jahan M, Le CN, Baker S, Rahman M. Molecular characterization of hepatitis B virus in Bangladesh reveals a highly recombinant population. PloS one. 2017 Dec 7;12(12):e0188944

Abstract: Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a rare but severe condition characterized by malabsorption and intestinal failure following significant small bowel loss. This case presents a 27-year-old male with only 45 cm of functional small intestine remaining after resection for intestinal ischemia following a prior pancreaticojejunostomy. Initial man-agement involved TPN, with gradual introduction of enteral nutrition. With meticulous multidisciplinary care, the patient transitioned to oral intake and maintained adequate nutrition and hydration. This case highlights the adaptive potential of the gastrointestinal tract and the importance of individualized long-term care in SBS pa-tients.

[1] Omer S, Chiodi V. Short Bowel Syndrome: Current Concepts And Management Strategies. J Gastroenterol Clin Nutr. 2024;18(1):22-30.
[2] Nightingale JM, Woodward JM. Guidelines For Management Of Patients With A Short Bowel. Gut. 2006;55(Suppl 4):Iv1–Iv12.
[3] Thompson JS, Dibaise JK, Iyer KR. Short Bowel Syndrome And Malabsorption. In: Feldman M, Editor. Sleisenger And Fordtran's Gastrointestinal And Liver Disease. 11th Ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2020. P. 1795-1812.
[4] Pironi L, Arends J, Bozzetti F, Cuerda C, Gillanders L, Jeppesen PB, Et Al. ESPEN Guidelines On Chronic Intestinal Failure In Adults. Clin Nutr. 2016;35(2):247-307.
[5] Jeppesen PB. Spectrum Of Short Bowel Syndrome In Adults: Intestinal Insufficiency To Intestinal Failure. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2014;38(1 Suppl):8S-13S.

Abstract: Wound healing remains a critical area of medical and pharmaceutical research, necessitating the development of innovative and effective therapeutic materials. Among these, hydrogels have gained significant attention due to their unique physicochemical properties, including high water content, biocompatibility, and the ability to deliver therapeutic agents in a controlled manner. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in the design.....

Keywords: Hydrogels, Nano particles, Tissue regeneration, Biopolymers

[1] Yang D. Recent Advances In Hydrogels. Chemistry Of Materials. 2022 Mar 8;34(5):1987-9.
[2] Revete A, Aparicio A, Cisterna BA, Revete J, Luis L, Ibarra E, Segura González EA, Molino J, Reginensi D. Advancements In The Use Of Hydrogels For Regenerative Medicine: Properties And Biomedical Applications. International Journal Of Biomaterials. 2022;2022(1):3606765.
[3] Pandian M, Reshma G, Arthi C, Másson M, Rangasamy J. Biodegradable Polymeric Scaffolds And Hydrogels In The Treatment Of Chronic And Infectious Wound Healing. European Polymer Journal. 2023 Oct 17;198:112390.
[4] Liu H, Ai R, Liu BZ, He L. Recent Advances In Hyaluronic Acid-Based Hydrogels For Diabetic Wound Healing. International Journal Of Biological Macromolecules. 2025 Feb 7:140797.
[5] You C, Wang C, Ma Z, Yu Q, Liu S. Review On Application Of Silk Fibroin Hydrogels In The Management Of Wound Healing. International Journal Of Biological Macromolecules. 2025 Jan 18:140082.

Abstract: Background: Pleural effusion is a common clinical presentation with varied etiologies including tuberculosis, malignancy, heart failure, and infections. This study aims to determine the clinical profile and causes of pleural effusion in patients attending MIMS, Nellimarla.
Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted over 18 months including 50 patients with confirmed pleural effusion. Detailed.......

[1] Light RW, Et Al. Am J Med. 1972;53(6):779-791.
[2] Porcel JM. Eur Respir J. 2006;28(2):409-417.
[3] Mandal S, Et Al. J Clin Diagn Res. 2018;12(3):OC06-OC10.
[4] Ibrahim A, Et Al. Int J Med Sci Clin Invent. 2018;5(2):3618–3622.
[5] Maikap MK, Et Al. J Evid Based Med Healthc. 2019;6(9):683–688..

Abstract: Introduction: Birth weight is known to influence the survival and development of neonates. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Low Birth-Weight (LBW) is weight at birth that is less than 2.5 kg. A LBW infant can be born too small (small for gestational age), too early (preterm) or both. Several epidemiological studies have shown that neonates with LBW have a disproportionately higher mortality compared to those with weight higher than 2.5 kg. Non-seasonal factors such as increasing maternal age, socio-economic factors, have been associated with LBW.....

Keywords: Hospital, Low birth weight, Maternal age, Sociodemographic

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Abstract: Background: Dental caries, a multifactorial disease, is strongly associated with biofilm-forming bacteria such as Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus casei. The limitations of synthetic antimicrobials like chlorhexidine—including staining, taste alteration, and microbial resistance—have prompted interest in herbal alternatives......

Keywords: Centella asiatica, Triphala, biofilm, dental caries, Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus casei, herbal antimicrobials.

[1] Ramalingam K, Amaechi BT. Antimicrobial Effect Of Herbal Extract Of Acacia Arabica With Triphala On Biofilm-Forming Cariogenic Microorganisms. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2020;11(3):322-8.
[2] De Zoysa MHN, Rathnayake H, Hewawasam RP, Wijayaratne WMDGB. Determination Of In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity Of Five Sri Lankan Medicinal Plants Against Selected Human Pathogenic Bacteria. Int J Microbiol. 2019; 2019:1-8.
[3] Elgamily H, Safy R, Makharita R. Influence Of Medicinal Plant Extracts On Growth Of Oral Pathogens Streptococcus Mutans And Lactobacillus Acidophilus: An In-Vitro Study. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2019;7(14):2328-34.
[4] Stepanovic S, Cirkovic I, Ranin L, Svabic-Vlahovic M. Biofilm Formation By Salmonella Spp. And Listeria Monocytogenes On Plastic Surface. Lett Appl Microbiol. 2004;38(5):428-32.
[5] Cavalcanti A, Da Silva N, Alexandria Adílis KF, De Lima A, Claudino L, De Oliveira Carneiro T, Et Al. In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity Of Mouthwashes And Herbal Products Against Dental Biofilm-Forming Bacteria. Contemp Clin Dent. 2012;3(3):302..

Abstract: Background. Xerostomia, commonly known as dry mouth, is a condition characterized by a reduction in saliva production. Saliva plays a crucial role in maintaining oral health by aiding in digestion, speech, and protecting the oral mucosa. When saliva production is compromised, individuals may experience discomfort, difficulty in chewing and swallowing, an increased risk of dental caries, and oral infections. Diabetes mellitus and hypertension are two prevalent chronic.......

[1] Kasper, Dennis L., Et Al. Harrison's Manual Of Medicine: 16th Edition. Mcgraw Hill Professional, 2005
[2] Rohani B. Oral Manifestations In Patients With Diabetes Mellitus. World J Diabetes. 2019 Sep 15;10(9):485-489.
[3] Warrell, David A., Et Al. Oxford Textbook Of Medicine. Oxford UP, USA, 2010.
[4] Langari SF, Hosseini SR, Bijani A, Jenabian N, Motalebnejad M, Mahmoodi E, Madani ZS, Sayadi F, Naghibi Sistani M, Ghadimi R, Baladi F, Hajimirzamohammad M, Mehryari M, Shirzad A. Association Between Antihypertensive Drugs And The Elderly's Oral Health- Related Quality Of Life: Results Of Amirkola Cohort Study. Caspian J Intern Med. 2022 Summer;13(3):582-588.
[5] Misch, Carl. Contemporary Implant Dentistry..

Abstract: Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global burden, especially among immunocompromised individuals, due to their altered immune responses and atypical disease presentations. Objectives: To analyze clinical and radiological patterns of TB in immunocompromised patients and correlate findings with immunosuppressive states.......

Keywords: Tuberculosis, Immunocompromised, Radiological features, Fibrosis, Clinical presentation, HIV, Diabetes mellitus

[1] World Health Organization. Global Tuberculosis Report 2023.
[2] Kumar V, Abbas Ak, Aster Jc. Robbins And Cotran Pathologic Basis Of Disease. 10th Ed.
[3] Ikezoe J, Takeuchi N, Johkoh T, Et Al. Ct Appearance Of Pulmonary Tb In Diabetic And Immunocompromised Patients. Radiology. 1992;184(3): 653-658.
[4] San Ke, Mahayidin M. Pulmonary Tb In Hiv: Radiographic Appearance And Cd4 Counts. J Med Sci. 2001;8(3): 123-129.
[5] Kobashi Y, Mouri K, Yagi S, Et Al. Clinical Analysis Of Immunocompromised Patients With Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Respir Med. 2006;100(6): 1029-1036.

Abstract: Cancer is a major health public challenge with physical, psychological, social and financial burdens. Chemotherapy is a very useful modality of treatment. Despite its usefulness and efficacy, it has some adverse effects that have attracted negative public attitude and perceptions.......

Keywords: Knowledge, attitude, perceptions, chemotherapy and Aba

[1] Ahmed Nuru Muhamed, Sitotaw Verie, Nenok Birsaw, Amare Dewdie, Adane Habile, Anteneh Kassa. Lived Experiences Of Adult Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy Treatment At University Of Gondar Specialized Hospital, North West Ethiopia. J. Patient Exp. 2023 April.
[2] Adwoa Beham Boamah Mensah, Maurice Mikare, Joe Nat Clegg Lamrtey. Impact Of Cancer Diagnosis And Treatment: A Qualitative Analysis Of Strains, Resources And Coping Strategies Among Elderly Patients In A Rural Setting In Ghana. BMC Geriatics, 23, Number: 540 Number, September 2023.
[3] Wailu Jawula Salihu, Jila Mirlashari, Khateren Seylani, Shokoh Varaei, Sally Thorne. Fatalism, Distrust And Breast Cancer Treatment Refusal In Ghana. Can. Oncol. Nurs. J., 2022 Spring 32 (2) 198-205.
[4] Rini Rinely, Riri Maria. Relationship Between Knowledge And Compliance Of Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy Treatment: Medicine, 2018.
[5] J. Obadipe, Titiola A. Samuel, M. Jimoh, S. Folorunso. Chemotherapy Induced Electrolyte Disorder And Nephrotoxicity In Cancer Cancer Patients From Selected Nigerian Tertiary Healthcare Hospitals. Nigerian Medical Journal, 2022..

Abstract: Purpose : To describe the clinical and therapeutic features of congenital cataracts. Introduction : Congenital cataracts are the cause of about 60% of leukocoria in children. A congenital cataract occurs in about 1/3000 births, without sex or side predominance. The management of unilateral congenital cataracts must be urgent because of the deep amblyopia that will develop rapidly.......

Keywords : Congenital Cataract-Leukocoria-Amblyopia

[1] S, Qureshi W, Ali A. Leukocoria In Children. J Pediatr Ophthalomo Strabismus 2008;45:179–80
[2] Lagrèze W. The Management Of Cataract In Childhood. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2009; 226:15–21
[3] Francis PJ, Berry V, Bhattacharya SS, Moore AR. The Genetics Of Childhood Cataract. J Med Genet 2000;37:481–8
[4] Wiesel TN, Hubel DH. Comparison Of The Effect Of Unilateral And Bilateral Eye Closure On Cortical Unit Responses In Kittens. J Neurophysiol 1965;28:1029–40
[5] Roche O, Beby F, Orssaud C, Dupont Monod S, Dufier JL. Cataracte Congénitale : Revue Générale. J Fr Ophtalmol 2006;29:443–55.

Abstract: Background: Entanglement of umbilical cord around fetal neck is a common finding in ultrasonography. Nuchal cord occurs when umbilical cord becomes wrapped around fetal neck by 360°. Two loops of cord is reported in 2.5-5% deliveries........

[1] Gahlot A, Vyas J, Himani S, Ekta. A Study Of Fetomaternal Outcome In Singleton Pregnancies With Cord Around Neck. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol 2021;10:2725-8.
[2] Heil JR, Bordoni B. Embryology, Umbilical Cord. 2023 Apr 17. In: Statpearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): Statpearls Publishing; 2023 Jan–. PMID: 32491422.
[3] Cunningham, F.G., Leveno, K.J., Bloom, S.L., Hauth, J.C., Gilstrap III, L.C. And Wenstrom, K.D. (2005) Williams Obstetrics. 22nd Edition, Mcgraw Hill, New York.
[4] Nandhini S, Anuradha CR, Renuka S, Vijayalakshmi K, Sailathar. Incidence Of Umbilical Cord Around The Neck And Its Effects On Mode Of Delivery And Fetal Outcome At Tertiary Care Hospital. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol 2021;10:516-9
[5] Iqbal M, Muhammad Z, Iqbal S. Cord Around Fetal Neck And Its Outcome. J. Soc. Obstet. Gynaecol. Pak.2017; Vol 7(3):133-136.