iosr-JDMS   Volume-24 ~ Issue-1 ~ January 2025

Abstract: Introduction: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease (COPD) is currently the 4th leading cause of death in the world and further increase in its prevalence and mortality can be predicted in coming decades. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and COPD share similar risk factors such as ageing, history of smoking, air pollution exposure and a sedentary lifestyle, and frequently coexist. This study compares pre and post-acute exacerbation of COPD typically focuses on various parameters such as lung function, symptom severity, exacerbation frequency, and Cardiovascular parameters. It involve analyzing data from pulmonary function tests, symptom questionnaires, exacerbation diaries and echocardiography to assess changes before and after exacerbation events. The goal is to understand the impact of COPD exacerbations on Cardiovascular system and inform strategies for prevention and management.......

Keywords: COPD, Echocardiography, CVD

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Abstract: Corneal immunological disorders are characterized by chronic inflammation of immune origin. Although these conditions are not infectious in themselves, they can sometimes be triggered by infectious agents. The etiological diagnosis is often complex and prolonged. The presence of an ulcer at the limbus of the cornea is particularly suggestive of an inflammatory cause: indeed, peripheral inflammatory corneal ulcers are frequently autoimmune in origin. Their diagnosis must be established quickly due to the risk of perforation, and also because they may be the first manifestation of a serious systemic disease that has not yet been diagnosed. The most common pathologies in this context include rheumatoid arthritis and Wegener's disease.

[1]
Ladas JG, Mondino BJ. Systemic Disorders Associated With Peripheral Corneal Ulceration. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2000 Dec;11(6):468-71. Doi: 10.1097/00055735-200012000-00014. PMID: 11141643.
[2] Roszkowska, A.M.; Oliverio, G.W.; Aragona, E.; Inferrera, L.; Severo, A.A.; Alessandrello, F.; Spinella, R.; Postorino, E.I.; Aragona, P. Ophthalmologic Manifestations Of Primary Sjögren's Syndrome. Genes 2021, 12, 365. Https://Doi.Org/10.3390/Genes12030365
[3]
Augsten R, Dawczynski J, Voigt U, Oelzner P, Schulze E, Königsdörffer E. Hornhautulzera Bei Systemischen Autoimmuner krankungen [Corneal Ulcers In Systemic Autoimmunologic Diseases]. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. 2011 Jan;228(1):66-9. German. Doi: 10.1055/S-0029-1245122. Epub 2010 Aug 16. PMID: 20714992.
[4]
Bjordal O, Norheim KB, Rødahl E, Jonsson R, Omdal R. Primary Sjögren's Syndrome And The Eye. Surv Ophthalmol. 2020 Mar-Apr;65(2):119-132. Doi: 10.1016/J.Survophthal.2019.10.004. Epub 2019 Oct 18. PMID: 31634487.

Abstract: Introduction: Isolated acute traumatic subtalar dislocations are quite rare and they are often secondary to a high-energy trauma. They correspond to talotarsal dislocation, including the talonavicular and talocalcaneal joints. Case Reports: We report two cases of medial subtalar dislocation secondary to a low-energy trauma. Following X-rays, closed reduction was performed under general anesthesia. After reduction X-rays showed a good realignment of the ankle. A CT scan was performed for both patients showing an undisplaced fracture of the anterior part of the talus in one case and it was normal in the second case. Both patients were managed conservatively by a cast for 4 weeks, followed by rehabilitation. At a follow-up of 6 months, we observed a good clinical and radiological outcome......

Key Word: low energy trauma, dislocation, Subtalar joint, Closed reduction, Immobilization

[1] Zimmer TJ, Johnson KA. Subtalar Dislocations. Clin Orthop Rel Res 1989;(238): 190–4.
[2] De Palma L, Santucci A, Marinelli M, Et Al. Clinical Outcome Of Closed Isolated Subtalar Dislocations. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2008;128(6):593–8
[3] Farsetti P., Dragoni M., Ippolito E.: Tibiofibular Torsion In Congenital Clubfoot. J. Pediatr. Orthop. 2012; 21: Pp. 47-51.
[4] Farsetti P., De Maio F., Russolillo L., Ippolito E.: CT Study On The Effect Of Different Treatment Protocols For Clubfoot Pathology. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 2009; 467: Pp. 1243-1249.
[5] Perugia D., Basile A., Massoni C., Gumina S., Rossi F., Ferretti A.: Conservative Treatment Of Subtalar Dislocations. Int. Orthop. 2002; 26: Pp. 56-60.

Abstract: Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome (TTTS) is a rare but serious complication of monochorionic twin pregnancies, characterized by an imbalanced blood flow between twins due to placental vascular anastomoses. This condition can lead to significant morbidity and mortality for both fetuses.
Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) is a severe ischemic brain injury that primarily affects preterm neonates but can also complicate certain pathological twin pregnancies. Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome (TTTS), a complication unique to monochorionic pregnancies, is characterized by a hemodynamic imbalance between the two fetuses due to placental vascular anastomoses.

[1]
Bull. Acad. Natle Méd., 2008, 192, No 8, 1575-1587, Séance Du 18 Novembre 2008
[2]
El Kateb A., Nasr B., Nassar M., Bernard J.P., Ville Y. — First-Trimester Ultrasound Examination And The Outcome Of Monochorionic Twin Pregnancies. Prenat. Diagn, 2007, 27(10), 922-5.
[3]
Slaghekke F, Kist WJ, Oepkes Det Al.,Twin Anemia-Polycythemiasequence: Diagnostic Criteria, Clas-Sifi Cation, Perinatal Managementand Outcome. Fetal Diagn Ther2010;27:181-90.
[4]
Vayssière C, Benoist G, Blondelb Et Al. Twin Pregnancies: Guide-Lines For Clinical Practice From Thefrench College Of Gynaecologistsand Obstetricians (CNGOF). Eurj Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol2011;156:12
[5]
Groussolles M, Sartor A, Connan L, Vayssière C. Course Of Middle Cerebral Artery-Peak Systolic Velocityafter A Successful Laser Procedure For Iatrogenic TAPS: A Case Report. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2011; Mar 21.

Abstract: Objectives: Aim of this in-vitro study was to evaluate the pushout bond strength of a glass fiber post to dentin pretreated with 6.5% proanthocyanidine, 5% glutaraldehyde and 10% sodium ascorbate. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two single rooted human premolar teeth, extracted for orthodontic or periodontal reasons were decoronated at cementoenamel junction to a length of 14 mm. Root canals were prepared using rotary NiTi files and obturated with gutta percha and resin sealer. Post space was prepared using peeso reamers, retaining 5 mm gutta percha at apex. The smear layer was removed using 5 ml of 17% EDTA and the post space was etched with 37% phosphoric acid.........

Key Word: pushout bond strength, glass fiber post, sodium ascorbate, proanthocyanidin, glutaraldehyde.

[1]
Keerthivasan A, Ardhra J, Vidhya S, Amirtharaj LV, Rajkumar K, Sekar M. Push Out Bond Strength Of A Glass Fibre Post To Root Dentine Pretreated With Proanthocyanidin And Phytosphingosine - An In Vitro Study. Eur Endod J. 2021 Aug;6(2):230-234.
[2]
Goracci C, Ferrari M. Current Perspectives On Post Systems: A Literature Review. Aust Dent J 2011 Jun; 56 Suppl 1:77–83.
[3]
Chhabra N, Desai K, Singbal KP. Comparative Evaluation Of Fracture Resistance Of Endodontically Treated Maxillary Premolars Reinforced By Customized Glass Fiber Post In Two Different Ways: An In Vitro Study. J Conserv Dent. 2022 Sep-Oct;25(5):555-560.
[4]
Lamichhane A, Xu C, Zhang FQ. Dental Fiber-Post Resin Base Material: A Review. J Adv Prosthodont 2014; 6(1):60–5.
[5]
Cecchin D, Pin LC, Farina AP, Souza M, Vidal Cde M, Bello YD, Et Al. Bond Strength Between Fiber Posts And Root Dentin Treated With Natural Cross Linkers. J Endod 2015; 41(10):1667–71.

Abstract: Lithium is an indispensable medication in the management of bipolar disorder. Despite its clinical effectiveness, lithium has a narrow therapeutic index which increases the risk of toxicity, requiring a close monitoring of lithium levels. We present a case of chronic lithium toxicity in a patient diagnosed with bipolar disorder, and concomitant renal calculus which an unqualified healthcare provider erroneously treated. An accurate clinical diagnosis followed by a timely intervention prevented fatal outcomes in this case.

Keywords: Lithium, Lithium Toxicity, obstructive uropathy, bipolar disorder, tribal healthcare disparities

[1]
Murray G. Adjunctive Psychosocial Interventions For Bipolar Disorder: Some Psychotherapeutic Context For The Canadian Network For Mood And Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) & International Society For Bipolar Disorders (ISBD) Guidelines. Bipolar Disord. 2018;20(5). Doi:10.1111/Bdi.12655
[2]
Davis J, Desmond M, Berk M. Lithium And Nephrotoxicity: A Literature Review Of Approaches To Clinical Management And Risk Stratification. BMC Nephrol. 2018;19(1). Doi:10.1186/S12882-018-1101-4
[3]
Ketter TA. Combination Therapy Versus Monotherapy In Bipolar Disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2008;69(12).
Doi:10.4088/JCP.1208e34
[4]
Fountoulakis KN, Tohen M, Zarate CA. Lithium Treatment Of Bipolar Disorder In Adults: A Systematic Review Of Randomized Trials And Meta-Analyses. European Neuropsychopharmacology. 2022;54. Doi:10.1016/J.Euroneuro.2021.10.003
[5]
Pottegård A, Hallas J, Jensen BL, Madsen K, Friis S. Long-Term Lithium Use And Risk Of Renal And Upper Urinary Tract Cancers. Journal Of The American Society Of Nephrology. 2016;27(1). Doi:10.1681/ASN.2015010061