iosr-JDMS   Volume-18 ~ Issue-9 ~ September-2019

Abstract: Alveolar bone architecture and thickness plays an important role in orthodontics. The primary stability of miniscrews from one side, and the risk of dehiscence and fenestration form the other side exhilarates the importance of skeletal dimensions. Thickness and height of buccal and lingual cortical bone layers may be altered in conjunction with alignment of teeth, inclination of root and occlusal forces. Clinicians must know that cortical bone is thicker in the mandible compared to the maxilla both on the buccal and lingual sides, and also cortical bone is thicker in the posterior region compared to the anterior region on the buccal side. Differences in cancellous bone...... .

[1]. Kapila S, Conley RS, Harrell WE. The current status of cone beam computed tomography imaging in orthodontics. Dentomaxillofacial Radiol. 2011;40(1):24-34. doi:10.1259/dmfr/12615645
[2]. Wennstrom JL. Mucogingival considerations in orthodontic treatment. Semin Orthod. 1996;2(1):46-54.
[3]. Handelman CS. The anterior alveolus: its importance in limiting orthodontic treatment and its influence on the occurrence of iatrogenic sequelae. Angle Orthod. 1996;66(2):10-95. doi:10.1043/0003-3219(1996)066<0095:TAAIII>2.3.CO;2
[4]. Baysal A, Ucar FI, Buyuk SK, Ozer T, Uysal T. Alveolar bone thickness and lower incisor position in skeletal Class I and Class II malocclusions assessed with cone-beam computed tomography. Korean J Orthod. 2013;43(3):134-140. doi:10.4041/kjod.2013.43.3.134
[5]. Holmes DC, Loftus JT. Influence of bone quality on stress distribution for endosseous implants. J Oral Implantol. 1997;23(3):104-111..

Abstract: Aim and objectives: To compare the conventional and the Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology(TBSRTC), to correlate the cases with histology wherever available and to determine the sensitivity, specificity, Positive predictive value and Negativepredictive value of both the methods. Material and methods: A total of 237 patients who presented with thyroid gland swelling were subjected to thyroid fine needle aspiration cytology(FNAC) and the smears were made followed by LG and H&E staining and reporting was done. The conventional system used at our centre includes description of microscopic findings of the case along with an impression at the end. The categorization according to the Bethesda system of reporting thyroid cytology were done using criteria published in the atlas and related literature. The cytological diagnosis was correlated with........

[1]. Mazzaferi EL. Management of a solitary thyroid nodule. N Engl J Med, 1993; 328: 553-559.
[2]. Cooper DS, et al. Management guidelines for patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid, 2006; 16(2): 109-142
[3]. Cappelli C, Pirola I, Gandossi E , De Martino E, Agosti B , et al . Fine needle aspiration cytology of thyroid nodule; Does the needle matter . South Med J, 2009; 102: 498-501.
[4]. Moslavac S, matesaN ,Kusic Z. Thyroid fine needle aspiration cytology in children and adolescents. CollAntrapol, 2010; 34 : 197 -200
[5]. Basharat R, bukhari MH, saeed S, Hamid T. comparision of fine needle aspiration cytology and thyroid scan in solitary thyroid nodule. Patholog Res Int, 2011; 754041

Abstract: Caesarean Section rate is increasing worldwide. This has raised a professional debate about appropriate indications for the operations . Caesarean Section is the centre of discussion due to most significant delivery event.Recent data indicate that one in five women undergo CS and in most region of world CS rate continue to rise.1 CS has become increasingly common in both developed and developing countries by many reasons.Rate of C-section in India- there is rapid increase in CS deliveries in India also with increase in institutional deliveries. The rate of caesarean increased steadily over last 20 years in India. Rate of all over C-section in India is 2.4% in 1992, 6.8% in 1996, 8.5% in 2005-2006 which increased to 17.2% in 2015-2016.2 Unnecessary CS are costly and potentially life threatening. Risks are associated with CS like-postpartum haemorrhage, hysterectomy...... .

[1]. Betran AP, Ye J, Moller AB, Zhang J, Gulmezoglu AM, Torloni MR. The Increasing trend in caesarean section rates: global, regional and national estimates: 1990–2014. PLoSONE2016; 11:e0148343
[2]. Cavallaro FL, Cresswell JA , França GVA, Victora CG, Barros AJD, Ronsmans C. Trends in caesarean delivery by country and wealth quintile: cross-sectional surveys in southern Asia and sub Saharan Africa. Bulletin of World Health Organization published on line on August2013. Obtainedfrom 49 http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/91/12/13-117598/en/ accessed on August 2014.
[3]. Katke RD, Zarariya AN, Desai PV. LSCS audit in a tertiary care center in Mumbai: to study indications and risk factors in LSCS and it's effect on early perinatal morbidity and mortality rate. Int J ReprodContracept Obstet Gynecol. 2014;3:963-8.
[4]. Stavrou EP , Ford JB , Shand AW , et al . Epidemiology and trends for Caesarean section births in New South Wales, Australia: a population-based study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2011;11:8,2393.doi:10.1186/1471-2393-11-8
[5]. Lumbiganon P, Laopaiboon M, Gulmezoglu AM, Souza JP, Taneepanichskul S, Ruyan P, et al. Method of delivery and pregnancy outcomes in Asia: the WHO global survey on maternal and perinatal health. Lancet; 2007-08:490-499

Abstract: The laparoscopic Trans Abdominal Pre-Peritoneal (TAPP) repair and Total Extra Peritoneal (TEP) approach have revolutionized the hernia management. Questions remain about their relative merits and risks. In the light of this, our study aims to compare these two methods of hernioplasty.This comparative observational study was conducted in a medical college hospital in Telangana between Aug 2012 and Aug 2016 with 37 cases aged between 18 and 60 years. Duration of surgery, conversion into open method, post-operative pain, complications, duration of hospital stay and patient satisfaction levels were studied comparatively.TEP and TAPP groups consisted of 17 and 18 patients respectively. The operative time in TAPP group was 93.33..... .

Key words: TEP, TAPP, Inguinal hernia, Laparoscopic surgery

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