iosr-JDMS   Volume-14 ~ Issue-3 ~ March-2015

Abstract: The main objective of this article is to review the current developments in the field of dental implants and the elimination of periimplant inflammations and infections with the aid of dental lasers. The term laser is just an abbreviation of Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. Lasers have been basically used in periodontal therapies like sub-gingival curettage and debridement, removing the granulation tissue while flap surgery is done, re-contouring of the osseous tissue and implant surgery. The maintenance of an implant is very important for efficient Osseo integration and a good prosthetic design. Any kind of bacterial inflammation and infection of the periimplant tissue calls for bone loss. Treatments like mechanical debridement, antibiotics and laser treatment have been recommended. Lasers play an important role in the dentist's office and in the maintenance of implants and to treat periimplantitis.

[1]. Beer, A., & Beer, F. (2002). Implant and Bone loss after herpetic infection of soft tissue around block transplant; A prosthetic solution after combined laser and chemotherapy. J oral laser Application , 249-253.
[2]. Catone, G., & Alling, C. (1997). Laser Applications in oral and maxillofacial surgery. WB Saunders company , 189-192.
[3]. Garg, A. (2007). Lasers in dental implantology: Innovation Improves patient care. Dental Implantology Update, 18 (8), 57-61.
[4]. Garg, H., & Garg, V. (2012). Peri Impantitis and lasers - A review. International Journal of Biological and Medical Research , 2302-2305.
[5]. Grade, S., Heuer, W., & Strempel, J. (2011). Structural Analysis of in situbiofilm Formation on oral titanium implants. J Den Implants , 7-11.
[6]. Khan, S., Sasaki, N., & Hirose, R. (2011). Detection of sub-gingival periodonto - pathogenic microorganisms aroun a one stage implant supported prosthesis. J Den Implants, 11 (1), 26-68.

Abstract: Objective: To study the importance of EEG and CT scan as a diagnostic aid for accurate diagnosis in various seizure disorders in children from Bhubaneswar,Orissa,India. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Urban teritiary care teaching hospital. Method: A total of 52 children with seizure disorder were included; 26 of them were having partial seizures, while the rest (26) were having generalised seizures. Those patients who were having known aetiological factors were excluded from the study. All the patients were subjected to a detailed clinical history and physical examination. An EEG and CT scan were also performed on every patient. Results: Abnormal EEG was found in 73% and 76.9% of patients with partial and generalised seizures respectively, while abnormal CT scan was found in 50% of patients with partial seizures and 34.6% of patients with generalised seizures. It was also observe d that with increasing abnormalities in EEG, the chance of finding some abnormality in CT increases.

Summary and conclusion: It is recommended that every case of idiopathic seizures must be evaluated with EEG as well as CT scan .

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Abstract: Back ground: Absence of abduction or presence of restricted abduction movement of shoulder or presence of infection or space occupying mass in axilla creates difficulties or offers impossibilities to expose axilla for brachial plexus block at the same level. Aims: To introduce axillary block in the presence of axillary infection, mass and restricted movement of the shoulder through anterior fold of the axilla. Methods: Nerve stimulator needle was inserted perpendicularly along the medial side of humerus in supine position of the patient to elicit the distal response of individual muscle and injected 40 ml of local anesthetic solution by multi-injection technique at multiple sites (mid-arm, and wrist block). Results: Brachial plexus block at the level of the axilla through its anterior fold offered satisfactory area of analgesia with motor block for the surgeries on the elbow, forearm, wrist, and hand. Multi-injection technique with the help of nerve stimulator needle contributed 100% success rate. Conclusion: It is an appropriate alternative form of brachial plexus block at the level of the axilla in presence of restricted abduction movement of the shoulder, infection and mass in the axilla.

Keywords: anterior fold of the axilla, nerve stimulator needle, brachial plexus, regional anesthesia.

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Abstract: Lung abscess is a rare but critical problem in childhood. It is suppurative necrosis of lung parenchyma due to nonspecific bacterial infection. Children with a lung abscess have a significantly better prognosis than adults with the same condition1. We report a 17 month-old child with lung abscess which is probably one of the few cases reported in the literature in the modern antibiotic era. Keywords: Lung abscess, children.

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[3]. Oren Lakser Pulmonary Abscess.Nelson textbook of pediatrics. 2012. p. 1480-81.
[4]. Mishra R, Mishra T, Ratan K, Abrol P, Kadian Y. Right upper lobe lung abscess in an infant. Internet j surg 2009;20:1..
[5]. Patradoon-Ho P, Fitzgerald Da. Lung abscess in children. Paediatr respir rev 2007;8:77-84.