IOSR-JAP   Volume-10 ~ Issue-1 ~ Jan-Feb 2018

ABSTRACT:A new approach to the study of the properties of the hidden mass of the universe is proposed, based on the modification of the law of universal gravitation with respect to continuous media. According to him, gravity is a consequence of the inhomogeneous distribution of the density of matter in the universe. This law reveals the presence of "strong" gravity in hidden matter, which exceeds the Newtonian potential on the surface of the Sun by five orders of magnitude, as well as the existence of gravitational equilibrium and gravitational repulsive forces that make "dark energy" an unnecessary entity. The possibility of separating the "free" (workable) part in the gravitational energy and its division into "gravistatic" and "gravikinetic" components is revealed. It is shown that this part of the gravitational energy makes the hidden matter the true "fuel" of the stars and the cause of many..........

Key words: hidden mass; dark matter; gravity and antigravitation; gravistatic and gravikinetic energy; force of attraction and repulsion; wave-particle; torsional (swirling) waves; angular momentum; unknown phenomena

[1]. Clowe D. et al. A Direct Empirical Proof of the Existence of Dark Matter.) // The Astrophysical Journal Letters. — 2006. — Vol. 648, no. 2. — P. L109–L113.
[2]. Perlmutter S.Nobel Lecture: Measuring the acceleration of the cosmic expansion using supernovae. // Rev. Mod. Phys. — 2012. — Vol. 84. — P. 1127—1149.

[3]. 3.Riordan M. Shadows of Creation: Dark Matter and the Structure of the Universe. — W H Freeman & Co (Sd), 2012. —ISBN 0-7167-2157-0.

[4]. The Nobel Prize in Physics 2017. www.nobelprize.org. 4.10.2017..

[5]. Ade P. A. R. et al.Planck 2013 results. I. Overview of products and scientific results. //Astronomy and Astrophysics, 2013. —1303: 5062.

ABSTRACT: The analysis of wind speed and frequency forAzare,Katagum LGA in Bauchi state Nigeria was carried out with the aim of calculating the average wind speed distribution as well as the efficiency of electricity production by using wind speed data recorded from a unique potential measurement locations in the study area. The measurement have been performed or carried out for 12 consecutive months, for the year 2016 by Meteorological observers at the Meteorological Station Bauchi state, (old Airport) to cover all seasonal variations of the wind condition, including the mean wind speed from January to December 2016 and the wind Frequency. However, the minimum mean wind speed occurred in the month of October which is 28.15m/s while the maximum mean wind speed occurred in July which is 145.29m/s.The result obtained indicated that there is good prospect for wind energy utilization in the study..........

[1]. Armaroli, N., and Balzani, V. (2011)."Towards an electricity-powered world" Energy and environmental science. 4:3193-3222.
[2]. Bauchi State Meteorological Department,Bauchi, Nigeria. 2016
[3]. Ellaban, Omar; Abu-Rub, Haitham; blaanbjerg, freed (2014). "Renewable energy resources: current status, future prospect and their
enabling technology". Renewable and sustainable energy reviews. 39: 748-764.
[4]. Gipe Paul and Associates, October (1991), overview of worldwide Winds generation, Tehachapi, USA.
[5]. Isa A. (1991), windsanalysis,unpublished project, physics department, Usman
Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, sokotostate. Nigeria.

ABSTRACT: For energy conversion between heat and electricity a thermoelectric technology , which gives power generation and electric refrigeration. The high performance of thermoelectric materials can be calculated by maximizing the Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity. The different thermoelectric materials perform at different temperatures. The operating temperature of Bi2Te3alloys is nearly 330 0c to 525 0c and PbTe alloys has an operating temperature of 500 0C to 700 0C. A thermoelectric module consists of thermo elements in series to increase the operating voltage and in parallel to increase the thermal conductivity. In this paper we have studied the variation in power over load resistance, when four thermoelectric generators made from Bi2Te3, and PbTe are connected in parallel at hot..........

[1]. Tritt. T. M. Bottner h, chen l. D .thermoelectrics: Direct solar thermal energy conversion [J]. MRS .Bulletin , 2008, 33; 366-368. [2]. G.S.Nolas, J. Sharp , and H.J. Goldsmid: Thermoeletrics Basic Principles and New Materials Developments, Vol. 45 (Springer Series in Materials Science , Heidelberg, Germany,2001.

[3]. S.B. Riffat and X. Ma: Thermoelectrics : A review of present and potential applications. Appl. Therm. Eng. 23,913(2003).

[4]. B.Yu, Q.Zhang, H.Wang, X.Wang, H.Wang, D.Wang, H.Wang. G.J.Snyder, G. Chen, and Z.F. Ren: Thermoelectric property studies on thallium-doped lead telluride prepared by ball milling and hot pressing .J.Appl.Phy. 108,016104(2010).

[5]. H.J. Goldsmid,(1986) Electronic Refrigeration (Pion, London),p.10.Snyder GJ, Toberer ES. Complex thermoelectric materials, Nature Matter,2008:105-114..

ABSTRACT: Dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC), a third generation photovoltaic cell that mimics photosynthesis process were fabricated in this study using natural and synthetic dyes. The cells were operated under the same solar irradiance condition in an open field in the peak of dry season in Ado-Ekiti for a period of 20 consecutive days during which there is no rain/snow but sunshine with a fairly constant solar radiation of about 5.75kwh. Laboratory investigation carried-out under simulated (AM1.5, 100 mW/cm−2) spectrumusing appropriated filters revealed that DSSCssensitized with synthetic and natural dyes exhibited efficiencies of 6.90 and 1.60 respectively. However, under open field operations, the natural dye prototype exhibits highest power output while the synthetic dye prototype exhibits great resistance to degradation and aging.

[1]. Gra¨tzel, M. Nature, 414, 2001, 338-344.
[2]. Chen1. Y. S., Lee J. N., Tsai S. Y. and Ting C. C., Mater. Sci. Forum594, 2008, 324 - 330 .
[3]. Wongcharee, K., Meeyoo, V., Chavadej, S.: Dye-sensitized solarcell using natural dyes extracted from rosella and blue peaflowers. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, 91(7), 2007, 566–571

[4]. Gra¨tzel, M.: Dye-sensitized solar cells. J. Photochem. Photobiol.C 4, 2003,145 .
[5]. Aduloju KelvinAlaba .Utilizing Dye Sensitization Potency OfBixaOrellana.Lseed and PlumeriaRubra.Lflower In Dye Sensitized Solar Cell. IOSR Journal of Engineering , Vol. 7, Issue 11 ,November 2017), 37-42...