Volume-7 ~ Issue-1 ~ January-2014

Abstract: The study was conducted to assess seasonal variations in some parameters of water collected from seven different dams in Katsina State, Nigeria using standard procedures. The samples were collected from five locations situated in the east, west, north, south and midpoint in each of the seven dams in the rainy season, harmattan and dry seasons for two years. The temperature, pH and Dissolved Oxygen content of the samples were measured in-situ at the site of collection using a Brannan mercury thermometer, Wagtech international potatest portable pH meter and an auto cal Dissolved Oxygen meter respectively. Other parameters tested are Turbidity which was measured using a HACH 2100N Turbidimeter while Total Solid, Total Suspended Solid and Total Dissolved Solids were determined using gravimetric method. The average reading for the two years was used in the analysis.
Keywords: Analysis, dams, water, Katsina.

[1] Abolude, D.S., Davies, O.A. and Chia, A.M.(2009). Distribution andConcentration of Trace Elements in Kubanni Reservoir in Northern Nigeria. Research Journal of Environmental and Earth Sciences. 1(2): 39-44.
[2] APHA(1992). Standard Methods for Water and Effluent Analysis. 18th edition. American Public Health Association, Washington, D.C.
[3] Asmal,K.(2009). Opening remarks by Professor Kader Asmal Chairperson. The world commission on dams.
[4] http://www.adb.org/NGOs/adb-responses.asp. Retrieved 4/4/2009.
[5] Ibrahim, B.U., Auta, J.,andBalogun, J.K.(2009). An Assessment of the Physicochemical Parameters of Kontagora Reservoir, Niger State, Nigeria. Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences. 2(1): 64-69.

Abstract: Three rapid, selective and sensitive spectrophotometric methods have been proposed for the quantitative determination of Epinastin hydrochloride (EPH) in bulk and ophthalmic solutions. The methods are based on the charge transfer complexation of EPH as n-electron donor with Iodine as σ-acceptor (method-A), and also with 2, 3-dichloro-5, 6-dicyano-1, 4-benzoquinon (DDQ) (method-B) and p-chloranilic acid (p-CA) (method-C) as π -acceptors. The CT complexes exhibited absorption bands at 366nm, 585nm and 514 nm for method-A, method-B and method-C respectively. Under the optimized experimental conditions, Beer's law is obeyed over the concentration ranges of 20-120 μg/ml for method-A, 15-75 μg/ml for method-B and 25-125 μg/ml for method-C.The coefficient of correlation was found to be 0.998 for three methods. The effect of reagent concentrations, polarity of solvent and effect of reaction time have been studied and optimized. The stoichiometric relationship was determined by Job's continuous method and is found to be 1:1 in each case. The methods have been validated in terms of ICH guidelines and applied to the quantification of EPH in pure form and ophthalmic solutions.
Key words: Charge transfer complexes, spectrophotometry, Epinastine hydrochloride, σ and π acceptors, validation.

[1]. Vkds.Sai1,Ritu Kimbahune1, Mubeen G, Preeti Karwa2, S.Nandini1International Journal of Biopharmaceutics.2013;4(2): 104-109.
[2]. Mandava V. Basaveswara Rao*, B.C.K. Reddy, T.Srinivas Rao and P. Kalyani.RASAYANJ.Chem, Vol.2, No.2 (2009), 361-36.
[3]. Ahirrao V.K. and Pawar R.P. Research Journal of Recent Sciences Vol. 1(ISC-2011), 281-288 (2012)
[4]. AparajitaMalaka, BishwajitBokshi. International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 2012, 1(3): 50-55.
[5]. Vera-Candioti L., Olivieri A.C., Goicoechea H.C., Simultaneous multiresponse optimization applied to epinastine determination in humanserum by using capillary electrophoresis, Anal Chim Acta, 595 (1-2) 310-318, (2007).

Abstract: During recent years, the anodization of aluminum, due to its great commercial significance, represents one of the most important and widespread method used for the synthesis of ordered nanostructures. Whose geometry is controlled by diverse synthesis factors which include the voltage applied, the temperature of the electrochemical environment in which the synthesis is carried out, the reagent used to etch the aluminum metal and the time period of anodization. As anodic porous alumina (APA) has high porosity, pores with high aspect ratio with highly ordered pores. The matrix is well-suited for biomedical applications such as protein separation, purification, biomolecule detection, drug delivery protein crystallography and cell cultures because the biological macromolecules can easily fit into the pores of the matrix without the loss of primary biological action. In combination with surface engineering and nanobiotechnology diverse surface modifications are now being realized with nanoscale pore structures of APA that can provide high selectivity to archive a variety of applications based on specific molecular characteristics. This review observes how the structure and properties of APA related to their present and prospective uses for research in biotechnology. In addition, the role of APA are also covered in areas including, sensitive detection methods, microarrays and other molecular assays, and in creating new nanostructures for further uses within biology.
Keywords: Anodic porous alumina (APA, Biomedical applications, highly ordered, Pores, Protein separation.

[1] Haynes, C.L. and Van Duyne, R.P. (2003) Plasmon-sampled surface enhanced Raman excitation spectroscopy. J. Phys. Chem. B 107, 7426–7433
[2] Landskron, K. et al. (2003) Periodic mesoporous organosilicas containing interconnected [Si (CH2)] 3 rings. Science 302, 266–269
[3] Anne Julbe, David Farrusseng,Christian Guizard, Porous ceramic membranes for catalytic reactors overview and new ideas Journal of membrane science Volumes 181,Issue1, Pages 3-20
[4] Tong, H.D. et al. (2004) Silicon nitride nanosieve membrane. Nano Lett.4, 283–287
[5] Osmanbeyoglu, H.U. et al. (2009) Thin alumina nanoporous membranes for similar size biomolecule separation. J. Membr. Sci.343, 1–6.

Abstract: Inhibitory compound of α-glucosidase bioactivity was isolated from Ethanol extract of the stem bark of Raru (Vatica pauciflora Blume) which, is a wild plant that grows in Tapanuli state in Indonesia.The ethanol extract of the stem bark of raru was partitioned and was chromatographed on columns with stationare fase silica gel 60 mesh F254 (0,063 mm – 0,200 mm). The ethanol extract of isolates showed the enzyme α-glucosidase inhibitor IC50 of 93.46. The next step is the determination of the chemical structure of the UV Vis, FT-IR, NMR, (COSY, HMQC and HMBC). It found of compounds consist of 2 methoxy, 1 aromatic, and 1 carbonil compounds. The Isolat is a 3,4,9,Trihidroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-8-10-dimethoxy-2-3-4atetrahydropyrano(3,2-c)isochromen-6(10bH)-one acording to IUPAC.

Keywords: Raru (Vaticapauciflora Blume),antdiabetic, α-glucosidase inhibitor

[1]. Adebayo A. G.2008. Inventory of antidiabetic plants in selected districts of lagos State, Nigeria.Departemenof Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, OlabisiOnabanjo University, Sagamu campus, Ogun State, Nigeria.
[2]. Bahar A., Tawfeq A., Jaber S.,Mossa., and Kehel T. 2005. Isolation antihipertensive activity and Structureactivity Reltionship of flavonoids from three medicinal Plants. Departemen of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy. Saudi Arabia.
[3]. Guyton A. C., and Hall J.E. 1997.Buku Ajar FisiologiKedokteran.Edisi 9.PenerbitBukuKedokteran ECG.Jakarta.
[4]. Hedi R.D. 2007. Pengembangan Obat Tradisional Indonesia Menjadi Fitofarmaka. Majalah kedokteran. Volum 57 N0. 7. Dept Farmakologi Fakultas Kedokteran UI Jakarta.
[5]. Ida Duma Riris., Tonel Barus., Basuki W.S., dan Partomuan S. 2013. Aktivitas Antidiabet dan Uji Toksisitas dan Antioksidan dari Ekstrak n-Heksan, Etil Asetat, Etanol, dan Air dari Kulit Batang Raru (Vatica pauciflora Blume). Program Studi Ilmu Kimia Pascasarjana Universitas Sumatera Utara. USU Press.