iosr-JVSP   Volume-3 ~ Issue-6

ABSTRACT: Indeed some works on urban settlement and crime are skeptical that specific places can be considered a category capable of differentiating social groups base on their controversial status in other sub-areas of sociology, the twin concept of study of crime and urban communities remain important. Social inequality that shared perceptions of social deprivation have been instrumental in creating a distinct community based collective psychological reaction. It is this specific psychological reaction which in theory has made shanty dwellers more aggressive than non-shanty dwellers. In this paper, we show how spatial inequality goes about constructing difference based on a collective psychological reaction to social deprivation. To do this, the study used some assumptions on key variable 'crime', income' and 'class'. Using regress and regression micro fit 4.1 statistical package, the study revealed that crime in Port Harcourt is not tied to spatial phenomenon but based on the prevalence of certain social forces which determine the dimension and magnitude of crime. The study recommends the inclusion of urban poor in government housing development plan.

Key woeds: Violent, People, Violent Places', Urban, Change, Criminality, Port Harcourt.

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ABSTRACT: This paper is devoted to the design of Quad core crypto processor for executing both Prime field and binary extension field instructions. The proposed design is specifically optimized for Field programmable gate array (FPGA) platform. Combination of two different field (prime field GF(P) and Binary extension field GF(2m)) instructions execution is analyzed. Quad core will execute four instruction at a same time. The design is implemented in Spartan 3E , virtex4 and virtex5. The performance results between them are compared. The implementation result shows the execution of parallelism using dual field instructions.

Keywords: Binary extension field, Cryptoprocessor, FPGA, Primefield

[1] Johannes Wolkerstorfer, "Dual-Field Arithmetic Unit for GF(p) and GF(2m)"Institute for Applied Information Processing and Communications, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 16a, 8010 Graz, Austria. This work origin from the European Commission funded project USB CRYPT established under contract IST-2000-25169intheInformationSocietyTechnologies(IST)Program.

[2] Jun-Hong Chen, Ming-Der Shieh, Member, IEEE, and Wen-Ching Lin, "A High-Performance Unified-Field Reconfigurable Cryptographic Processor" IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION (VLSI) SYSTEMS, VOL. 18, NO. 8, AUGUST 2010.

[3] Michael Grand, Lilian Bossuet2, Guy Gogniat, Bertrand Le Gal, Jean-Philippe Delahaye and Dominique Dallet, "A Reconfigurable Multi-core Cryptoprocessor for Multi-channel Communication Systems", published in "IPDPS - 25th IEEE International Parallel & Distributed Processing Symposium, Anchorage : United States (2011)"

[4] Santosh Ghosh, Debdeep Mukhopadhyay, and Dipanwita Roychowdhury "Secure Dual-Core Cryptoprocessor for Pairings Over Barreto-Naehrig Curves on FPGA Platform" IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION (VLSI) SYSTEMS,

[5] P.C. Kocher, "Timing attacks on implementations of diffle-hellman, RSA,DSS and other systems," in Adv. Cryptology-CRYPTO'96,LNCS1109,1996,pp.104-113.

[6] D.Kammler, D.Zhang, P.Schwabe,H. charwaechter, M. Langenberg, D. Auras, G. Ascheid, and R. Mathar, "Designing an ASIP for cryptographic pairings over Barreto-Naehrig Curves," CHES'09, LNCS 5747, pp. 254-271,2009.

[7] J. Fan, F. Vercauteren, and I.Verbauwhede, "Faster Fp-arithematic for Cryptographic pairings on Barreto-Naehrig curves," CHES'09, LNCS 5747, pp.240-253, 2009.

[8] D. N. Amanor, C. Paar, J. Pelzl, V. Bunimov, and M. Schimmler, "Efficient hardware architectures for modular multiplication on FPGAs," in proc.Int. Conf. Field Program. LogicAppl.2005,pp.539-542. [9] V. Bunimov and M. Schmiller, "Area and time efficient modular multiplication of large integers," in Proc. ASAP, 2003,pp.400-409. [10] Huapeng Wu, Member IEEE, "Bit-Parallel Finite Field Multiplier and Squarer Using Polynomial Basis", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTERS, VOL. 51, NO. 7, JULY 2002

ABSTRACT: In this paper a semiconductor type MEMS based Hydrogen sulphide gas sensor is proposed. The development of the sensor is done using micromachining and micro fabrication techniques. The major sensing element proposed is tungsten oxide nano-fibers for better enhancement in sensitivity. The synthesis of the nanofibers can be done using the electro spinning technique. The sensor design can be validated using the Intellisuite software using its various CAD modules. The sensor has various applications such as in oil and gas industry.

Keywords: MEMS, micromachining, tungsten oxide nanofibres.

[1] Pat Quinn, Governor and Damon T. Arnold, M.D,M.P.H.,Director, Illinois Department of Public health. Environmental Health Fact Sheet.
[2] David Riddle, Mathisen Way, Poyal Road, Colnbrook , Slough, Danger and Detection of hydrogen sulphide gas in oil and Gas exploration and production. April/May 2009
[3] Hydrogen Sulfide, Oil and Gas, and People's Health By Lana Skrtic, UC Berkley.
[4] Effects of Electronic Charge Transfer between adsorbate and Solid on Chemisorption and Catalysis P.B. Weisz,Socony- Vaccum laboratories,NewJersy.
[5] Synthesis of tungsten oxide nanowires Zongwen Liu, Yoshio Bando and Chengchun Tang. Advanced material laboratory, NIMS, Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan.
[6] Electrospinning of Nanofibres Dan Li and Younan Xia Advanced Materials, Vol 16, Issue 14, 2Aug 2004.
[7] Large scale synthesis of tungsten oxide nanofibres by electrospinning Xiaofeng Lu, Xincai Liu, Wanjin Zhang, Ce Wang, Yen Wei Journal of Colloid interface Science 298(2006)996-999
[8] H2S sensing properties of noble metal doped WO3 thin film sensor fabricated by micromachining Wei-Han Tao, Ching-Hsiang Tsai Sensors and actuators B 81 (2002) 237-247