iosr-jspe   Volume-6 ~ Issue-6 ~ Nov. –Dec. 2019

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess the change in the plasma testosterone (T) levels in male football players in relation to the time-of-day-strength training METHODS: Forty-four Tunisian male football players (mean ± SD, age: 22.34±0.62 years; height: 1.74±0.41 m; weight: 72.31±1.89 kg) participated in this study. They were randomly assigned into three groups: morning strength training group (MSTG, 07:00-08:00 hours, n=14), afternoon strength training group (ASTG, 16:00-17:00 hours, n=15) and morning and afternoon strength training group (MASTG, 07:00-08:00 and 16:00-17:00 hours, n=15) and they were subjected to strength training of the knee extensor and flexor muscles. The level of T for each football player was collected in all three conditions in the morning, noon and afternoon, before and after 8-weeks of strength training. The effects of group, time of the day and pre- to post-training were verified by a 3-way analysis of variance with repeated measures.......

Key Words: strength training, testosterone, diurnal variation, time-of-day, football players

Abstract: Karate is a one of the most participated sport in the world. It has rich history tracing back to china and India. Since starting time of karate, karate players wear "Traditional karate uniform" which is called "karate GI". Today, with the improvement of technology, most of the sports such as cycling, swimming, rugby, athletic etc, are considered in improving the functionalities of relevant sport wear in order to enhance the player's performances. However, according to World karate federation, the outer appearance of karate GI could not be changed. Therefore, the only option in improving player's performance through the uniform is introducing an innerwear which provides good support to the body muscles according to their special movements. Therefore, the objectives of this research were to identifying the requirements of karate players and explore the possibility of introducing.

Key Words: Karate, High Performance wear, Safe Guards.

Abstract: Functional Human Movement Deficiency (FHMD)in Sierra Leone is more common amongst college students compared to school going pupils.Hence the need for physical activity epidemiology as a young and emergence scientific discipline geared towards the monitoring and evaluation of functional human movement deficiency (FHMD). This study aimed at scoring measured, and evaluatedepidemiologicalsurveillance of college students'physical activity motivationin Sierra Leone. Methods: Behavioural Regulation in ExerciseQuestionnaire (BREQ), Physical Activity Motives Questionnaire (PAMQ), Decisional Balance Questionnaire (DBQ) and Physical Exercise Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PESEQ) were the adopted research instruments. The variables wereanalyzed usingIBM-SPSSv.23 Statistics, with a mean and standard deviation ageof 28.5±9.5, response rate of100%and with sampled participantsof N=500, rangedfrom 19-38years,usingsimple.....

Key Words:Physical Activity, Epidemiology, Functional Human Movement, Health, Wellness

Abstract: This study investigated the constraints of participation in leisure time activities among the civil servants in Ekiti State, Nigeria. It also examined knowledge level and types of leisure time activities involvement, frequency and duration of participation and constraints to participation in leisure time activities. The study adopted a descriptive research design of survey type. A simple random technique was used to select 1000 civil servants in Ekiti State. A questionnaire whose validity and reliability were ascertained was used for the study. Descriptive Statistics was used to answer the general questions. Inferential statistics of t-test was employed to test the hypotheses. All hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance..........

Key Words: Leisure, Recreation, Socio-economic, Constraint, Civil Servant.