iosr-jspe   Volume-1 ~ Issue-5 ~ May-June 2014

Abstract: This study investigates residents' perception of economic and environmental impact of Christmas Festival/Calabar Carnival in Calabar Metropolis of Cross River State, Nigeria. To achieve the objectives of this study, two hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. Literature was reviewed according to the hypotheses directing the study. The survey research design was adopted for the study. A total of two hundred (200) respondents were randomly selected for the study. The selection was done through simple random sampling technique. A questionnaire was designed by the researchers with the help of some measurement experts that gave its face and content validity. To test this hypotheses and to ascertain whether to accept or reject them, Pearson Product Moment Correlation Analysis was considered appropriate because of the nature of variables involved. The 0.05 level of significance was used for the statistical testing of each hypothesis, with critical value and degree of freedom. The results show that there is significant effect of economic and environmental impact of the Christmas Festival/Calabar Carnival on the residents of Calabar Metropolis, in Cross River State, Nigeria. Based on the findings of the study, some conclusions and recommendations were made.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Effects of Learning by Video Modeling on Gymnastic Performances among Tunisian Students in the Second Year of Secondary Level
Country	:	Tunisia
Authors	:	Majdi Bouazizi, Fairouz Azaiez, Driss Boudhiba
	:	10.9790/6737-0150508

Abstract: The purpose of this work was to analyze the effects of learning through video modeling combined of sessions of physical education on gymnastic performance among Tunisian students in the second year of secondary level. Our study was conducted on a sample of 103 subjects (16,95 0,9 years) divided into two independent groups (experimental and control). The experimental group was subjected to a cycle of video modeling with explanations and verbal representations of gymnastic skills combined with sessions of physical education gymnastics, while the second group was practiced gymnastics with the usual conditions in the physical education sessions. Measures of performances were taken before and after the experiment. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of learning by video modeling procedures for the acquisition and improvement of gymnastic skills for students. In addition, the progression of gymnastic performance of girls is more important than boys after receiving the learning by video modeling.
Keywords: Learning; Video modeling; Performance; Gymnastics

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Pressure Index in Cricket
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. Parag Shah, Mitesh Shah
	:	10.9790/6737-0150911

Abstract: Usually, evaluation of individual player performances in one-day cricket has been based on measures such as batting and bowling averages, and strike and economy rates. It is accepted, within the game of cricket, that such measures have severe limitations in assessing the true performances and abilities of players. Whenever a player's performance statistics are quoted, there is nearly always some verbal prerequisite that is necessary in order to place the statistics into context. Such comments include the stage of an innings a player usually bats or bowls, as this significantly affects a player's opportunity for scoring runs or taking wickets. Further, traditional measures do not allow the comparison of the skills of batting and bowling as they are based on incompatible scales. We have developed a new measure – Pressure Index. It measures the pressure under which the team is playing or a batsman is batting. Variables such runs scored, runs left, wickets, balls faced and balls left are considered for developing this new measure. Runs scored under more pressure are more valuable than runs scored under very less pressure. With this Pressure index actual performance of the batsman can be measured. Similar measure can be developed for bowlers.

Keywords: Pressure index, Current run rate, required run rate, Target