iosr-JPBS   Volume-8 ~ Issue-5

Abstract: Bovine tuberculosis is a chronic mycobacterial infection that impinges on a wide range of mammals, including man, cattle, deer, pigs and carnivores. The present investigationdeals with the anti-mycobacterial potential of Andrographolide againstMycobacterium bovis, commonly known as bovine tuberculosis.The bioactive compound andrographolide was isolated from the leavesof Andrographis paniculata. Employing different techniques viz. zone of inhibition, disc diffusion and turbidometric method,the MIC of andrographolide was found to be vacillating between 100 and 11.11μg/ml against the test organism (Garg& Shrivastava, 2013). The results suggested andrographolide compound to be a potent antibiotic against M. bovis and its inhibitory effect is on par with standard drugs like isoniazid and fluoroquinolones.

Keywords:Andrographolide,Andrographispaniculata, Bovine tuberculosis,Mycobacterium bovis.

Abstract: Soon Valley Sakasar located in District Khushab of the province Punjab, Pakistan coordinates 72°00'and 72°30' E longitudes 32°25' and 32°45' N latitudes with diversified ecosystem. The ethno- mycological study of soon valley has been strongly neglected in the past. So, the survey was conducted during 2010-11 in four villages i.e. Nowshehra, Dhaka, Sakhiabad and Knaty garden of the Soon Valley. A total of 25 mushroom species belonging to 9 families and 14 genera were identified from the study area. Among the collected mushroom species Agaricus was found as most dominant genus (36%) followed by Innocybe (12%). All the mushroom species exhibited remarkable variation in terms of habitat, season and locations. Ethnological survey revealed that 12 species are edible, 9 inedible and 4 act as poisonous ones.

Key Words: Soon Valley, Mushroom, Ethnological Study, Village, Survey

Abstract: The algae and physico-chemical characteristics of Adani rice field in Enugu State, Nigeria were studied during the wet season. Light microscopy was used for phycological studies and algae identified using text books, taxonomic keys and materials from the internet. Physico-chemical parameters were analyzed using the methods of American Public Health Association. Pearson correlation (P ≤ 0.01) and percentages were calculated to check for the relationships between the investigated parameters. A total of eight algal taxa belonging to Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta, Euglenophyta and Bacillariophyta in order of decreasing abundance were recorded. The total Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta, and Euglenophyta populations showed significant positive correlations with ammonia, monthly mean rainfall and lead respectively. Significant negative correlations were observed between water temperature and calcium; depth and TDS; TDS and nitrate, phosphate, potassium and zinc; pH and chloride and magnesium. Significant positive correlations were observed between depth and nitrate, phosphate, potassium and zinc; dissolved oxygen and nitrate; total alkalinity and calcium; chloride and calcium.

Keywords: Algae, Physico-chemical Parameters, Rice Field

Abstract: To get an idea about the nature of the toxic effect of detergent Tide on the biochemical characteristics like total protein, carbohydrate,cholesterol of aquatic organisms.Fishes belonging to the species Cirrhinus mrigala were exposed to sublethal concentration of 3.6mg for 24,48 and 72 hrs respectively. The results of the present study showed a significant decrease in protein,carbohydrate,cholesterol content in the tissues studied. The kidney showed the highest percent decrease (77.27%) in carbohydrate, (76.42%) in protein, (80.03%) in cholesterol content.

Keywords: Carbohydrate,Cholesterol,Cirrhinus mrigala,Detergent,Protein.

Abstract: Hitherto unknown effects of Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) in 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU)-induced oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation were investigated in adult mice. Animals received either PTU (0.05% in drinking water) alone for 5 weeks or PTU + three different concentrations of PQQ, after which alterations in tissue lipid peroxidation (LPO) and in enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and in glutathione (GSH) content were evaluated in two different organs such as liver and heart. Simultaneously, concentrations of serum glucose, total cholesterol, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), creatinine and urea were measured in serum. PTU administration enhanced the tissue LPO, serum SGOT, SGPT, total cholesterol, creatinine and urea with a parallel decrease in serum glucose and tissue antioxidants such as SOD and CAT in both the organs. When PTU treated animals received PQQ, these adverse effects were ameliorated. Out of three different doses of PQQ (1, 5 and 10 mg/kg/d, i.p. for 6 days), 10 mg/kg body weight was found to be the most effective and antiperoxidative in nature, as it maximally reduced the LPO of liver and heart, with a parallel increase in cellular antioxidants. Findings from this study revealed for the first time, that PQQ has the potential to ameliorate PTU-induced oxidative damage in liver and heart, indicating the possible beneficial effect of the test compound in regulating hypothyroidism.

Keywords: LPO, mice, oxidative stress, PTU, PQQ.

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