iosr-JPBS   Volume-7 ~ Issue-6

Abstract: Carbofuran (Furadan) is a broad spectrum carbamate pesticide that kills insects, mites, and nematodes on contact or after ingestion. It has a potential to cause damage to the reproductive system and to health by prolong exposure. The widespread of pesticide in public health and agriculture has caused severe environmental pollution and health hazards. This study describes the effects of furadan on male reproductive organ of the mice. The animals (n=20) were grouped a (control), I, II, and III C (experimental).The experimental animals of group I were administered with 0.1 mg/Kg body weight/ day carbofuran in saline for 30 days, group II were administered with 0.2 mg/Kg body weight/ day carbofuran in saline for 30 days and III were administered with 0.4 mg/Kg body weight/ day carbofuran in saline for 30 days and then we see the effect on testosterone serum concentration by using ELISA method and leydig cells were fixed and processed to examine the histological changes.

Keywords: Optical microscope, Furadan , Toxicity, Testosterone, Leydig cells

Abstract: Pharmacists' instructions at the time of dispensing ophthalmic medications are crucial in terms of patient compliance and efficacy of therapy. The aim of this study was to appraise knowledge, attitude and practices (KAPs) of pharmacists attending specifically to ophthalmic patients with regards to ophthalmic dispensing. It was a prospective, non-randomized study based on fully consented consecutive respondents. There were 30 respondents, 16 (53.3%) were males and 14 (46.7%) were females. The average age of the study group was 32 years +/- 8.36.Majority, 23(76.7%) were either unaware or disagreed with the potential benefit of puctal occlusion following eye drop application. Less than 50% of the respondents got the order of applying various forms of topical preparations and know eye ointment should mostly be applied at bed time to avoid blurring patients' vision. The waiting interval between topical medications were found to vary significantly with as much as 8(26.7%) giving no specific interval. No respondent knew other forms of local routes of ophthalmic drug administration aside topicals. It is concluded that pharmacists in these institutions will benefit from education related to ophthalmic dispensing and drug administration.

Keywords: Ophthalmologists, pharmacists, ophthalmic patients, ocular pharmacology, ophthalmic dispensing.

Abstract: Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of death and disability in the developed world. Habitual consumption of moderate amount of fish was associated with reduced mortality from coronary heart disease. It was also acclaimed that vegetarians in general will have low serum cholesterol and a better anti oxidant status than fish eaters. In view of this a comparative study of oxidant status and lipid profile was done in vegetarians and fish eaters. This study enrolled 50 vegetarians and 50 fish eaters of age 35-55 years. Statistical Analysis by the students "T" Test or Mann Whitney "U" Test was applied depending upon the nature of the data. Pearson's correlation co efficiencies were used to compare the correlations. It showed significant difference in HDL-C levels among fish eaters when compared to vegetarians; this study showed no significant difference in the lipid peroxide levels and the other lipoproteins. The correlation of malondialdehyde (MDA) with HDL-C was negative in the vegetarians and weakly positive in the fish eaters. LDL-C showed a positive correlation with MDA in both the groups. Triglycerides showed a positive correlation with MDA and correlation was strong in fish eaters.

Key words: Atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, Lipid profile, Oxidants, Antioxidants, Nutrients in fish.

Abstract: Medicinal plants or their bioactive compounds have been utilized by developing countries for primary and traditional healthcare system since very long period of time. In several ancient systems of medicine including Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani, Murraya koenigii, a medicinally important herb from mainly Asian origin has vast number of therapeutic applications such as in bronchial disorders, piles, vomiting, skin diseases etc. The medicinal utilities have been described especially for leaf, stem, bark and oil. The well studied pharmacology and phytochemistry of M. koenigii and therapeutic potential of this plant needs to be compiled in form of review. The present review incorporates the description of M. koenigii, its phytochemical constituents and various pharmacological activities of isolated compounds as well as bioactivity of extract studies carried out by various numbers of laboratories. In addition to that, it highlights its potential to be the important nutraceutical for diabetes and cardioprotection. Plants have been used in traditional medicine for several thousand years. India is perhaps the largest producer of medicinal herbs and is rightly called the "Botanical garden of the World". Murraya koenigii commonly known as Meethi neem, belongs to the family Rutaceae. The curry tree is native to India and it is found almost everywhere in the Indian subcontinent excluding the higher levels of Himalayas. Curry leaves used traditionally as antiemetic, antidiarrhoeal, febrifuge and blood purifier. The whole plant is considered to be a tonic and stomachic. Curry leaves is found to be effective as antioxidant, antidiabetic, antibacterial, antihypertensive, cytotoxic and also in the treatment of bronchial respiratory difficulties. The leaves are used traditionally as spice in curry and other eatables. The aim of the present review study is to update information about pharmacognostical, phytochemical and pharmacological studies of Murraya koenigii.

Key Words: Murraya koenigii, phytochemistry, biological activity, Rutaceae, medicine, Ayurvedic, plant extracts, review