Volume-7 ~ Issue-5
- Citation
- Abstract
- Reference
- Full PDF
| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Foraging activity of Apis mellifera on Parthenium hysterophorus. |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Dr. Jasvir Singh Dalio |
 |
: | 10.9790/3008-0750104  |
Abstract: Present study revealed that during period of highly floral scarcity (May and June) Apis mellifera showed foraging activity on Parthenium hysterophorus which is considered worst weed for environment and human health. Average foraging activity was recorded 4.9 bees/m²/min. Maximum abundance of foraging bees (13 bees/m²/min.) was observed from 800 to 845 hours. Average foraging frequency of bees was found to be 48.1 flowers/min. but maximum number of flowers visited/ min. was noted to be 60 from 815 to 845 hours. Average pollen load was 5.28 mg/bee. So this weed serves as subsistence flora at very critical time of dearth. Keywords: Parthenium hysterophorus, Apis mellifera, Foraging behaviour of bees, pollen collection.
1]. R.C. Mishra and S.K. Sharma, Technology for management of Apis mellifera in India, in R.C. Mishra, (Ed.), Perspectives in Indian
Apiculture (Agro Botanica, Bikaner (India),1998)137 – 147.
[2]. U.S. Walia and R.S. Uppal, Weeds , in A.P. Singh, (Ed.), Field Problems of fruit crops, (Foll Printer, Ludhiana India), 220.
[3]. D.S. Bisht, Pollen gathering activity of honeybees and Halictus sp. in roses, Indian J. Ent. 40,1978, 333-335.
[4]. H.S. Dhaliwal and O.P. Bhalla, On the foraging ecology of Apis Cerana indica F., Proc. 2nd Int. Conf. Apic.Trop Climates, New
Delhi, 1983,513-527.
[5]. R. Vishwakarma and S.S. Ghatak, Bee forage plants in Nadia district of West Bengal, Bee World, 3 , 2009, 27-33.
- Citation
- Abstract
- Reference
- Full PDF
| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 Diagnostics: A Changing Trend |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Kunal Singh |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0750514 |
Abstract: Myotonic dystrophy type 1 or Steinert's disease is the most common form of adult muscular dystrophy affecting multiple systems with a wide spectrum of phenotypes. This paper focuses on the different methods to diagnose myotonic dystrophy type 1 that have been used over the years and the various modifications that have been made to the previous diagnostics. The different diagnostic assays and their different advantages and disadvantages are discussed.
Keywords: Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1, Diagnostics, Method
[1]. Harper PS, Myotonic Dystrophy (2nd ed. Philadelphia:W.B.Saunders,1989)
[2]. Prior TW, ACMG Standards and Guidelines:Technical standards and guidelines for myotonic dystrophy type 1 testing. Genetics in Medicine, 11, 2009, 552-555.
[3]. Brook JD, McCurrach ME, Harley HG, Buckler AJ, Church D, Aburatani H, Hunter K, Stanton VP, Thirion JP, Hudson T et al., Molecular basis of myotonic dystrophy expansion of a trinucleotide (CTG) repeat at the 3` end of a transcript encoding a protein kinase family member. Cell, 68, 1992, 799-808.
[4]. Mahadevan M, Tsilidifidis C, Sabourin L, Sabourin L, Shutler G, Amemiya C, Jansen G, Neville C, Narang M, Barcelo J et al., Myotonic dystrophy mutation: an unstable CTG repeat in the 3` untranslated region of the gene. Science, 255, 1992, 1253-1255.
[5]. Hamshere MG, Harley H, Harper P, Brook JD and Brookfield JF Myotonic dystrophy: the correlation of (CTG) repeat length in leucocytes with age at onset is significantly only for patients with small expansions. Journal of Medical Genetics, 36, 1999, 59-61.
[6]. The International myotonic Dystrophy Consortium (IDMC) New nomenclature and DNA testing guidelines for myotonic dystrophy type 1(DM1). Neurology, 54, 2000, 1218-1221.
[7]. Lavedan C, Hofmann-Radvanyi H, Shelbourne P, Rabes JP, Duros C, Savoy D, Dehaupas I, Luce S, Johnson K and Junien C, Myotonic dystrophy: size and sex-dependent dynamics of CTG meiotic instability and somatic mosaicism. American Journal of Human Genetics, 52, 1993, 875-833.
[8]. Martorell L, Monckton DG, Sanchez A, Lopez De Munain A and Baiget M, Frequency and stability of the myotonic dystrophy type 1 premutation. Neurology, 56, 2001, 328-335.
[9]. Höweler CJ, Busch HF, Geraedts JP, Niermeijer MF and Staal A, Anticipation in myotonic dystrophy: fact or fiction? Brain: A Journal of Neurology, 112, 1989, 779-797.
[10]. Brook JD, McCurrach ME, Harley HG, Buckler AJ, Church D, Aburatani H, Hunter K, Stanton VP, Thirion JP, Hudson T et al., Molecular basis of myotonic dystrophy expansion of a trinucleotide (CTG) repeat at the 3` end of a transcript encoding a protein kinase family member. Cell, 68, 1992, 799-808.
- Citation
- Abstract
- Reference
- Full PDF
| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Evaluation of Amino Acids in the Milk Preparations from Tiger Nut Rhizome and Its Mixed Varieties |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Salau, Rasaq Bolakale, Aminu Muhammad, Bisiriyu M. T., Bamidele K. G., Bishir Usman |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0751519 |
Abstract: The amino acid composition of yellow and brown tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus) milk preparations and their mixtures were studied. The mixed variety was prepared from mixing equal proportion of the two varieties. The milk preparation was obtained by blending and subsequent expression of the milk.. Protein analysis stated with the hydrolysis of the milk preparation with HCl for 23hrs and the resulting amino acids were quantified with amino acid analyzer (Technicom TSM-1). The % nitrogen for the yellow, Brown and the mixture are 3.72, 3.24 and 2.22 respectively. Arginine has the highest value of 15.87, 16.22 and 19.20 g/100g respectively conferring same order of amino acid basicity. Methionine and tyrosine are the lowest (0.60 and 0.63, 0.68 and 0.48, 0.49 and 0.48 g/100g protein) respectively. Tryptophan is not prominently associated with the myriad of essential amino acids of tiger nut milk. It was not detectable in any of the varieties. The overall result of the study showed that the tiger nut milk is a rich source of protein. It can also be consumed as a valuable substitute for conventional cow milk and other known milk sources. The milk prepared from mixed variety exhibited synergistic effect as it combined some beneficial amino acid that either of the two varieties lacks. Keywords : Tiger nut, milk, amino acid, synergistic effect, protein
[1] Bamishaiye E. I. and Bamishaiye O. M.Tiger nut: As a plant, its derivatives and benefits. African Journal of food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development. Volume 11 (5), 2011, 5157- 5170, ISSN 1684 5374
[2] Adejuyitan, J.A., Otunola, E.T., Akande, E.A., Bolarinwa, I.F and Oladokun,F.M. Some physicochemical properties of flour obtained from fermentation of tigernut (Cyperus esculentus) sourced from a market in Ogbomoso, Nigeria. Afr.J.Food.Sci. (2),2009, 051-055
[3] Rita E.S. The use of tiger-nut (Cyperus esculentus), cow milk and their composite as substrates for yoghurt production. Pak. J. Nu 6, 2009. 755-758.
[4] Belitz, H. D., Grosch W. and Schieberle P. Food Chemistry, 4th revised and extended edition ( Berlin; Springer-Verlag, 2009)
[5] WHO/FAO/UNU .Protein and Amino Acid Requirements in Human Nutrition. Report of a Joint WHO/FAO/UNU Expert Consultation, Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. 2007
[6] FAO/WHO. Protein Quality Evaluation; FAO Food and Nutrition Paper 51, Rome, Italy. 1991
[7] Pellett PL. World essential amino acid supply with special attention to South-East Asia.Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 17, 1996, 204–234.
[8] Eyo, S. Eyo and H.J. Abel. Chemical Composition and Amino acid contents of Gnetum africanum, Heinsa crinitia and Piper guineense. Nig. J. Nutritonal. Sci. 4 (1), 1983, 57-62
[9] WHO/FAO/UNU Expert Consultation. Proteins and amino acids in human nutrition. World Health Org Tech Rep Ser.; 935:265 pages, 2007
[10] Aremu,M.O., Olonisakin, A., Opaluwa, O.D., Mohammed, Y and Salau R B. Nutritional qualities assessment of Tilapia fish (Tilapia quineensis). Indian.J.Multi.Res .3 (3), 2007, 443-456
- Citation
- Abstract
- Reference
- Full PDF
| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Effect of Humidity on the Physical Properties of Aspirin Tablets Produced By Melt Granulation and Slugging Methods |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | John A. Avbunudiogba, Omonyemen E. Cash-Torunarigha, Ikechukwu Onah |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0752025 |
Abstract: Aspirin is easily hydrolyzed by water and it is therefore produced by slugging, which is a time consuming process. This work was aimed at studying the effect of humidity on the physical properties of aspirin tablets produced by melt granulation in comparison with conventionally produced aspirin tablets. Goat fat (1 to 2% w/w) and carnauba wax (2 to 7.5% w/w) were the waxes used as granulating agents in the melt granulation technique. The granules were characterized and the ones with adequate flow were compressed to tablets of diameter 13.8± 0.1 mm and thickness 3.2 ± 0.1mm using a single punch tableting machine. Resulting tablets were evaluated and then stored under ambient humidity and 1% relative humidity and the effect of the storage on the physical properties of the tablets were analyzed monthly for two months duration. The bulk and tapped densities of the granules were between the ranges of 0.62 ± 0.00 - 0.71 ± 0.01 g/cm3 and 0.77 ± 0.02 - 0.85 ± 0.00 g/cm3 respectively. The angle of repose ranged from 26.96 ± 0.07o - 39.21 ± 0.02o, Carr's index between 10.34 ± 0.14 and 21.88 ± 0.01 and Hausner's ratio being in the range of 1.12 ± 0.05 - 1.28 ± 0.11. The resulting tablets displayed a good disintegration, having disintegration time ranging from 2.28 ± 0.12 - 5.30 ± 0.13 min. Tablet friability and tensile strength ranged from 1.09 ± 0.05 - 3.10 ± 0.01% and 0.02 ± 0.01 - 0.07 ± 0.00 MNm-2 respectively. After storage there was no change in tensile strength, however, there was a change in disintegration time and friability ranging from 0.46 ± 0.05 – 5.50 ± 0.08 min and 1.25 ± 0.01 - 3.50 ± 0.10% respectively. Melt granulation, which is a simpler method, had the least influence of humidity on the physical properties of aspirin tablets.
Keywords: Aspirin, Humidity, Melt granulation, Physical properties, Slugging and Waxes.
[1] H.D. Lewis, J.W. Davis, D.G. Archibald, W.E. Steinke, T.C. Smitherman, J.E. Doherty, H.W. Schnaper, M.M. LeWinter, J.W. Pouget, S.C. Sahlarwal, E. Chesler, H. Demots. Protective effects of aspirin against acute myocardial infarction and death in men with unstable angina. Results of a veteran administration co-operative study. The New England Journal of Medicine; 309: 1983, 396-403.
[2] D.G. Julian, D.A. Chamberlain, S.J. Pocock. A comparison of aspirin and anticoagulation following thrombolysis for myocardial infarction (the AFTER study): a multi centre un-blinded randomized clinical trial. British Medical Journal; 313(7070): 1996, 1429 - 1431.
[3] M.P. Rothwell, P.M. Wilson, F. Jacqueline, J. Belch, T.W. Meade, Z. Mehta. Effect of daily aspirin on risk of cancer metastasis: A study of incident cancers during randomized controlled trials. The Lancet; 6736: 2012, 60208 - 60209.
[4] A.M. Algra, P.M. Rothwell. Effects of regular aspirin in long term cancer incidence and metastasis: A systematic comparison of evidence from observational studies versus randomized trials. The Lancet Oncology, 10(12), 2012, 70-112.
[5] T. Schaefer, P. Holm, H.G. Kristensen. Melt granulation in a laboratory scale high shear mixer. Drug Development Industrial Pharmaceutics; 16: 1990, 1249-1277.
[6] N.V. Patel, N.P. Chotai, M.P. Patel. Formulation design of oxycarbamazepine fast release tablets prepared by melt granulation technique. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics; 2: 2008, 22 - 25.
[7] J.A. Avbunudiogba, R.S. Okor, M.U. Uhumwangho, M.I. Arhewoh. Melt granulation of aspirin powder as an alternative to slugging: Implication for compressibility and dissolution rate. Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 11(1), 2012, 32-39.