Volume-7 ~ Issue-4
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Formulation and Evaluation of Oral Controlled Release Osmotic Tablets of Glimepiride |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | P. Sandhya, Hafsa Siddiqua, Ayesha sultana, M. Sunitha, R. Sunil |
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: | 10.9790/3008-0740107  |
Abstract: Glimepiride has a relatively short elimination half-life (5 h), thereby requiring twice or thrice daily dosing in patients, which may lead to non-compliance. Controlled release formulations of Glimepiride were developed based on osmotic technology. Formulation F9 was selected as optimized formulation. The effect of different formulation variable was studied to optimize release profile. The release rate increased significantly as the increase of osmogen ratio from 1:0.5 to 1:1. The release rate increased significantly with the increase of concentration of pore forming agent (PEG-400) as noticed from the dissolution profile of the formulations. Thus drug release was inversely proportional to the concentration of osmogen in the core and the amount of pore forming agents in the coated tablets. The drug release from developed formulations was independent of pH. The manufacturing procedure was standardized and found to be reproducible. Further studies are needed to investigate this formulation for its performance in vivo.
Keywords: controlled release, osmogen, osmotic technology, pore forming agent.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms of Impetigo Contagiosa Bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes) in Infants and the Efficacy of Bridelia ferruginea Benth. (Phyllanthaceae) and Terminalia avicennioides Guill. & Perr. (Combretaceae) Ethanol Extracts |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Cletus Anes UKWUBILE, Otalu OTALU Jr., Tajudeen Babatunde LAMIDI, Elijah Monday IGANGA |
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: | 10.9790/3008-0740818 |
Abstract: Medicinal plant extracts prepared with ethanol concentrations from the leaves and stem barks of Bridelia ferruginea and Terminalia avicennioides were screened for antibacterial activity against two Gram-positive bacteria that cause impetigo contagiosa skin infection in infants and young children. The antibacterial activity of the extracts (100 % absolute ethanol) was evaluated using micro-broth dilution method, for both the bacteria and the antibiotics. Plant extracts showed strong antibacterial action against Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Streptococcus pyogenes, while the antibiotics Erythromycin, Chloramphenicol, Ampicloxacin, Tetracycline and Cefroxime did not show strong antibacterial action at different concentrations of ethanol used. Of these extracts, Bridelia ferruginea showed the strongest activity at all concentrations. In the case of Erythromycin and Chloramphenicol, the antibiotics are chemically modified so that it will no longer bind to the ribosome to block protein synthesis, and an enzyme is produced that degrades the antibiotics, thereby inactivating them. The plant extracts were strongly inhibitory towards the MRSA strain unlike the antibiotics. MICs and MBCs varied from 2.5-5μg/ml to ≤ 5-10μg/ml respectively dilution levels and were in agreement with well assay results. The results showed that the pure extracts of the plants contained terpenes as the active antibacterial constituent, which is largely responsible for the efficacy of the extracts on the bacteria even MRSA strain. However, antibiotics like Cefroxime and Ampicloxacin are highly associated with colonization with "superbugs" compared to other antibiotic classes. A superbug, also called multi-resistant, is a bacterium that carries several resistance genes; the resistance was not strong compared with the plant extracts (p≤ 0.05). The study therefore, showed that ethanol extracts of B. ferruginea and T. avicennioides strongly inhibited the growth as well as kill impetigo contagiosa bacteria than all the antibiotics investigated, and these plants were very safe for ethno-medicinal prescriptions from the toxicity studies conducted.
Keywords: Antibiotic resistance, impetigo contagiosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Bridelia ferruginea, Terminalia avicennioides.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Comparison of Conventional and Modern Biomedical Tools Used for Diagnosis of Genital Tract Tuberculosis: An Overview |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Gargi Kumari, Divya Goel, Sanjay Mishra |
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: | 10.9790/3008-0741924 |
Abstract: Genital tuberculosis (TB) in women especially the Fallopian tubes and Endometrial is a major cause of chronic infertility in women in India. Due to the long and difficult treatment, it is mandatory to provide a definitive diagnosis of TB to help and motivate the patient for compliance. The present article is a compilation of comprehensive background literature concerning with comparison of conventional and modern biomedical tools used for diagnosis of genital tract TB, and may provide new insights into aiming to make a diagnosis in sterility patients that is due to TB, so that proper treatment can be given to treat the sterility.
Keywords: Genital tuberculosis; chronic infertility; Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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