Volume-5 ~ Issue-3
- Citation
- Abstract
- Reference
- Full PDF
| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | A Study on the Morphometric Variation in Selected Ichthyofauna under Genus Puntius Hamilton-Buchanan (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | S. Choudhury, Dr. K. Dutta |
 |
: | 10.9790/3008-0530106  |
Abstract: Morphometric studies were conducted using eleven quantitative body parameters of six species of Puntius genus – Puntius chola, P. gelius, P. conchonius, P. sophore, P. sarana sarana and P. ticto ticto occurring from Assam, India, in order to study the morphometric variation and interrelationship among these species. All measurements were taken on a continuous scale using digital vernier caliper parallel to the anterior-posterior body axis except for the body depth that was taken perpendicular to the body axis between dorsal and ventral margins. The means of all measurements were standardized. A correlation study between total length vs. other morphometric parameters and a multivariate principal component analysis were conducted using MS Excel and bdpro32 software. The results obtained showed a significant correlation between total length and other morphometric parameters (p < 0.05) except for total length and pre-orbital length. The scores of PC1, PC2 and PC3 were found to be most similar for P. sarana sarana and P. gelius indicating these two species to be most closely related followed by P.ticto ticto , P. chola and P. conchonius, while the PC scores of P. sophore were the most dissimilar. The findings of this study will help in developing new strategies for conservation and breeding programmes of these species.
Keywords: Morphometric studies, Puntius genus, morphometric variation, interrelationship, principal component analysis.
methods with a newer geometric method applied to New World cichlids. Environ Biol Fishes, 67, 2003, 417–431.
[2] Rohlf, F.J. and Marcus, L.F. A revolution in morphometrics..Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 8, 1993, 129–132.
[3] Bookstein, F. L. Morphometric tools for landmark data: geometry and biology (Cambridge, Cambridge Univ. Press, 1991).
[4] Loy, A., Corti, M. and Marcus, L.F. Landmark data: size and shape analysis in systematics. A case study on old world Talidae
(Mammalia, Insectivora). In LFMarcus, E.Bellow, A.Garcia – Valdacases, (eds). Contributions to morphometrics, 1993, 213- 240.
[5] Rohlf, F.J. Morphometric spaces, shape components and the effects of linear transformations. In LF Marcus, M.Corti, A.Loy,
G.Naylor, DE Slice (eds). Advances in morphometrics. NATO ASI series. A life sciences Vol.284. New York: plenum, 1996, 117-
129.
[6] Humphries, J. Bookstein, F.L. Chernoff, B. Smith, G. Elder, R. and Poss, S. Multivariate discrimination by shape in relation to size.
Syst. Zool. 30, 1981, 291–308.
[7] Bookstein, F., Chernoff, B., Elder, R., Humphries, J., Smith, G., and Strauss, R. Morphometrics in evolutionary biology (Special
Publication 15: Philadelphia: The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1985).
[8] Jayaram, K.C. The Freshwater Fishes of the Indian Region. Vol 27. (New Delhi, Narendra Publishing House, 1991) 551.
[9] Quilang, J. P., Basiao, Z. U., Pagulayan, R. C., Roderos, R. R. and Barrios, E. B. Meristic and morphometric variation in the silver
perch, Leiopotherapon plumbeus (Kner, 1864), from three lakes in the Philippines. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 23, 2007, 561–
567.
[10] Talwar, P.K. and A.G. Jhingran. Inland fishes of India and adjacent countries Vol 1. (A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, 1991)
- Citation
- Abstract
- Reference
- Full PDF
| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Isolation of Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria and Fungi from Rhizospheres soil from Banana Plants and its Effect on the Growth of Amaranthus cruentus L. |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Reena1, T. Dhanya, H. Deepthi, M.S, Pravitha, D.Lecturer |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0530611 |
Abstract :Nutrient management is one of the most important factors in successful cultivation of plants. Biofertilizers can affect the quality and quantity of crop. Low phosphate solubility is one of the most important factors limiting the plant growth in various soils. Many microorganisms can enhance phosphate solubility, but little is known about the magnitude of their phosphorus solubilizing ability. The native populations of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and fungi were studied in different rhizospheres soil samples obtained from banana plant and its effect on spinach plant (Amaranthus cruentus L.) in order to compare the results. The present study focuses on the phosphate-solubilizing capacity of bacteria and fungi in rhizospheres soil samples obtained from banana plant, revealing the dominance of Aspergillus species (234.12 mm) as major phosphate solubilizers, along with Bacillus subtilis (160.82 mm) followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 126.11, Penicillium sp., 99.02 and Micrococcus sp., 89. 4. In the present study potent solubilizers were identified as A. niger and B. subtilis. Hence an attempt was made to optimize the phosphate solubilization of the potential solubilizers at different pH with temperature. It is found out that both bacteria and fungi showed maximum phosphate solubilization at pH 3.0 with its specific temperature at 280 C and 370 C.
Keywords: Aspergillus, Bacillus, phosphates, Amaranthus cruentus, rhizospheres soil
[2] Afzal, A., Ashraf, M., Asad, A.S. and Farooq, M. (2005). Effect of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms on phosphorus uptake, yield, and yield traits of wheat (Tritium aestivum) in rain fed area. Int. J. Agri. Biol. 7 (2): 207-209.
[3] Afzal, A. and Ashgari, B. (2008). Rhizobium and Phosphate Solubilizing bacteria improve the Yield and Phosphorus Uptake in Wheat (Triticum aestivum). Int. J. Agri. Biol. 10(1): 85-88.
[4] Chen, Y.P., Rekha, P.D., Arun, A.B., Shen, F.T., Lai, W.A. and Young, C.C. (2006). Phosphate solubilizing Bacteria from subtropical soil and their tricalcium phosphate solubilizing abilities. Appl. Soil. Ecol. 34: 33-41.
[5] De Souza, M.J.B.D., Nair, S. and Chandramohan, D. (2000). Phosphate solubilizing bacteria around Indian Peninsula. Indian Journal of Marine Sciences. 29: 48-51.
[6] Deubel, A. and Merbach, W. (2005). Influence of microorganisms on phosphorus bioavailability in soils. In: buscot F, varma A (Eds.), microorganisms in soils: roles in Genesis and functions. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, pp: 177-191.
[7] Del Campillo, S.E., Van der Zee, S.E.A.T.M., Torrent, J., 1999. Modelling long-term phosphorous leaching and changes in phosphorous fertility in selectively fertilized acid sandy soils. Eur. J. Soil Sci. 50, 391–399.
[8] Fasim, F., Ahmed, N., Parson, R., Gadd, G.M., 2002. Solubilization of zinc salts by a bacterium isolated from air environment of a tannery. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 213, 1–6.
[9] Glick, B.R., 1995. The enhancement of plant growth by free-living bacteria. Can. J. Microbiol. 41, 109–117.
[10] Hilda, R., Fraga, R., 1999. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria and their role in plant growth promotion. BiotechnoL, Adv. 17, 319–359.
- Citation
- Abstract
- Reference
- Full PDF
| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Ciprofloxacin induced hormonal changes in the thyroid gland of rats and Anti-oxidant vitamin A, C and E as rescue agents |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Dr.G.Vanithakumari., *Dr. K.M.Priyadharshin |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0531218 |
[1] Ayoma, A., Natori, Y., Yamaguti, N., Koike, S., Kusakabe, K., Demura, R. and Demura, H. (1990). The effect of diclofenac sodium
on thyroid function test invitro and invivo Rinsho Byori (Japan), 38 (6). P. 688-92.
[2] Barlow, J.W., Curtis, A.J., Raggatt, L.E., Loidl, N.M., Topliss, D.J. and Stockigt J.R. (1994). Drug competition for intracellular triiodothyronine
binding sites. Eur. J. Endocrinol., (Norway), 130 (4) P. 417 – 21.
[3] Bauernfeind, J.C.(1988). Vitamin A deficiency, a staggering problem of health and sight. Nutrition Today,. pp. 34.
[4] Beckett, G.J., Nicol, F., Rae, P.W., Beech, S., Guo, Y. and Arthur, J.R.(1993). Effect of combined iodine and seletium deficiency on
thyroid hormone metabolism of proadrenomedullin N-terminal peptide. Horm. Metab. Res., 32 (1):10-4
[5] Bishnoi, A., Carlson, HE., Gruber, BL., Kaufman, L.D., Bock, J.L. and Lindonni, M. (1994). Effect of commonly prescribed
NSAIDs on thyroid hormone measurements. Am. J. Med., Mar 96(3): 235 – 8.
[6] Bland, G.W. (1998). Vitamins: molecular and biological function. Proc Nutr. Soc. 53: 251-262.
[7] Capen, C.C and Martin, S.L.(1989).The effects of xenobiotics on the structure and function of thyroid follicular and C- cells.
Toxicol.Pathol., 17(2): 266-93.
[8] Capen, C.C.(1994). Mechanisms of chemical injury of thyroid gland. Prog. Clin. Biol. Res., 387:173-91.
[9] Centres for Disease Control (CDC) Special Report (2001). Emerging Mechanisms of Fluroquinolone Resistance. David C. Hoope
Massachusetts general Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
[10] Clinical Toxicology Review. (1997). What are Fluroquinolones? CTR, Massachusetts Poison Control system, Vol. 20, No. 3.
- Citation
- Abstract
- Reference
- Full PDF
| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | In Vitro Permeation Characteristics of Itraconazole from Oil Drops and Ophthalmic Ointment Through Excised Goat And Sheep Corneas. |
| Country | : | |
| Authors | : | Biswaranjan Mohanty, Sagar K. Mishra, Dipak K. Majumdar |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0531926 |
Abstract :In vitro transcorneal permeation of itraconazole from oil drops and ophthalmic ointments was studied using freshly excised goat and sheep corneas. Permeation of itraconazole from castor oil was found maximum and minimum with kardi oil formulation. The higher permeation of itraconazole from castor oil formulation could be attributed to the lower partition coefficient of drug between oil and aqueous phase. The addition of benzyl alcohol, a preservative, in oil drops, increased the permeation of itraconazole. Partition experiments indicated increased partitioning of itraconazole in the aqueous phase in the presence of benzyl alcohol. The addition of phenyl mercuric acetate, phenyl mercuric nitrate and thiomersal as preservative, in castor oil drop decreased the permeation of itraconazole. Corneal hydration was within the desired limit below 80 %. Permeation of itraconazole from ointment containing dissolved drug was higher than the ointment containing solid drug. In antifungal study, the castor oil formulation showed maximum zone of inhibition against Candida albicans. Stability study conducted at 400 C and 70% RH indicated the formulations as quite stable to ensure 2 years shelf life.
Keywords: - itraconazole, partition coefficient, permeation, preservative, stability.
1] L.Lavin, R.Avery, J.Shore, J.Woog, A.Baker, The spectrum of orbital aspergillus: A clinicopaththological review, Survey of
Ophthalmology, 41(2), 1996, 142 - 152.
[2] R. Yohai, J. Bullock, A. Aziz, R. Markert, Survival factors in rhinoorbital-cerebral mucormycosis, Survey of Ophthalmology, 39(1),
1994, 3–22.
[3] J. See, T. Wong, K. Yeo, Trends in the pattern of blindness and major ocular diseases in Singapore and Asia. Annals Academy of
Medicine, Singapore, 27(4), 1998, 540–546.
[4] K.J. Johns, D.M. O'Day, Pharmacologic management of keratomycosis. Survey of Ophthalmology, 33, 1988, 178-188.
[5] D.M.O'Day, Selection of appropriate antifungal therapy, Cornea, 6, 1987, 238-245.
[6] D.B. Jones, Decision making in the management of microbial keratitis. Ophthalmology, 88, 1981, 814-820.
[7] R.K.Forster, The Cornea (Scientific Foundation and Clinical Practice. Boston, Little Brown & Co) 1987, 228-240.
[8] K. Richardson, K.W. Brammer, M.S. Marriott, Activity of UK49,858, a bis-Triazole derivative against experimental infections with
Candida albicans and Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherpy, 27, 1985, 832-835.
[9] B. Dupont, E. Drouhet, Early experience with itraconazole in vitro and in patients.Pharmacokinetic studies and clinical results,
Reviews of Infectious Diseases (Suppl), 9,1987, S71-S76.
[10] N. Davies. Biopharmaceutical considerations in topical ocular drug delivery. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and
Physiology 27(7), 2000, 558–562.