Volume-4 ~ Issue-4
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Retrograde transport- the journey back to Golgi |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Avik Banerjee |
 |
: | 10.9790/3008-0440104  |
Abstract:Some proteins like acid hydrolase receptor, hetero trimeric G protein, EGFR, processing peptidase
as well as toxin like Shiga toxin, ricin and lipid trafficks through various intermediate stations while travelling
from endosomes to trans Golgi network/Golgi ie 'Retrograde' transport after being internalised. Here the
critical molecular events in the retrograde pathway along with the factors involved are summarised. Then the
importance and implication in various cellular processes are discussed. Lastly, I conclude about the future
perspective and in what way we can exploit the process for applied research.
Key words:Clathrin, Early endosome, Late endosome, Retromer, Shiga toxin, trans-Golgi network (TGN)
Key words:Clathrin, Early endosome, Late endosome, Retromer, Shiga toxin, trans-Golgi network (TGN)
[1] S.D. Conner, S.L. Schmid, Regulated portals of entry into the cell, Nature 422, 2003, 37-44.
[2] S. Mayor and R.E. Pagano, Pathways of clathrin-independent endocytosis, Nat Rev Mol cell Biol., 8, 2007, 613-612.
[3] F.R. Maxfield ,T.E. Mcgraw, Endocytic recycling, Nat Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. , 5, 2004, 121-132.
[4] N.K. Gonatas, A Steiber, SU Kim, DI Graham, S Avrameas, Internalisation of neuronal plasma membrane ricin receptors into the
Golgi apparatus, Exp. cell Res., 94, 1975, 426-431
[5] S Olsnes , A Pihl, Ricin – a potent inhibitor of protein synthesis, FEBS Letts,20, 1972, 327-329
[6] D Lombardi, T Soldati, M.A .Reiderer, Y Goda , M Zerial, S.R. Pfeffer, Rab 9 functions in transport between late endosome and
trans Golgi network, EMBO J.,12,93,677-682
[7] W.M. Rohn, Y Rouille, S Waguri, B Roflack, Bi-directional trafficking between trans-Golgi network and the endosomal/lysosomal
system, J Cell Sci., 113, 2000, 2093-2101
[8] M.N. Seaman, E.G. Marcusson, J.L. Cereghino, S.D. Emr, Endosome to Golgi retrieval of the vacuolar protein sorting receptor Vps
10p,requires the function of VPS29,VPS30,VPS35 gene products, J cell Biol., 137,1992, 79-92.
[9] M.N. Seaman, J.M. McCaffery, S.D. Emr, A membrane coat complex essential for endosome-to -Golgi retrograde transport in
yeast, J Cell Biol., 142, 1998, 665-681.
[10] M.N. Seaman, Recycle your receptors with retromer, Trends Cell Biol., 15, 2005, 68-75
[2] S. Mayor and R.E. Pagano, Pathways of clathrin-independent endocytosis, Nat Rev Mol cell Biol., 8, 2007, 613-612.
[3] F.R. Maxfield ,T.E. Mcgraw, Endocytic recycling, Nat Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. , 5, 2004, 121-132.
[4] N.K. Gonatas, A Steiber, SU Kim, DI Graham, S Avrameas, Internalisation of neuronal plasma membrane ricin receptors into the
Golgi apparatus, Exp. cell Res., 94, 1975, 426-431
[5] S Olsnes , A Pihl, Ricin – a potent inhibitor of protein synthesis, FEBS Letts,20, 1972, 327-329
[6] D Lombardi, T Soldati, M.A .Reiderer, Y Goda , M Zerial, S.R. Pfeffer, Rab 9 functions in transport between late endosome and
trans Golgi network, EMBO J.,12,93,677-682
[7] W.M. Rohn, Y Rouille, S Waguri, B Roflack, Bi-directional trafficking between trans-Golgi network and the endosomal/lysosomal
system, J Cell Sci., 113, 2000, 2093-2101
[8] M.N. Seaman, E.G. Marcusson, J.L. Cereghino, S.D. Emr, Endosome to Golgi retrieval of the vacuolar protein sorting receptor Vps
10p,requires the function of VPS29,VPS30,VPS35 gene products, J cell Biol., 137,1992, 79-92.
[9] M.N. Seaman, J.M. McCaffery, S.D. Emr, A membrane coat complex essential for endosome-to -Golgi retrograde transport in
yeast, J Cell Biol., 142, 1998, 665-681.
[10] M.N. Seaman, Recycle your receptors with retromer, Trends Cell Biol., 15, 2005, 68-75
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Simultaneous Estimation of Ondansetron and Pantoprazole in Solid Dosage Form by First Derivative Spectroscopy Method |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Smita Mujbaile Priya Prasad, Sanjay Wate |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0440508 |
Abstract :The objective of this work was to develop and validate simple, rapid, and accurate UV
specrophotometric method for simultaneous determination of Ondansetron and Pantoprazole in enteric coated
tablet dosage form. UV spectrophotometric method involves first derivative spectroscopy using 288.5 nm and
310 nm as zero crossing point for Pantoprazole and Ondansetron respectively. For spectrophotometric method,
water was used as a solvent. Both the drug and their mix obeyed Beer- Lamberts law at selected wavelength was
observed in concentration range of 0.5-2.5ug/ml of Ondansetron and 5-25ug/ml of Pantoprazole. Results of
analysis were analyzed and validated for various parameters according to ICH guidelines. This method was
found to be simple, precise, accurate, selective and rapid and can be successfully applied for the determination
of pure laboratory mixtures and tablet formulations..
Keyword: First derivative spectroscopy, Ondansetron (OND), Pantoprazole (PAN), marketed formulation, and Beer-Lambert Law.
Keyword: First derivative spectroscopy, Ondansetron (OND), Pantoprazole (PAN), marketed formulation, and Beer-Lambert Law.
[1] Remington. The Science and Practice of Pharmacy.21sted. Vol.II Indian Edition Distributed in India by B.I. Publication Pvt. Ltd.,
1311.
[2] The United State Pharmacopoeia XII and National Formulary XXIV ed. Asian Ed. Rockville, MD: US Pharmacopoeial convection,
2007, 2799-2804.
[3] British Pharmacopoeia Vol.2, London: The Stationary Office; 2008, 1597-99.
[4] S.C. Sweetman , and Dale M. The Complete Drug Reference. 34thed.Pharmaceutical Press, London 2002, 1281:1
[5] S. Bhudhavari. The Merk Research Lab. Division of Merk and Co. Inc. Whitehouse station, NJ, 2001, 6848.
[6] Remington. The Science and Practice of Pharmacy.21sted.Vol.II Indian Edition, Distributed in India by B.I. Publication Pvt. Ltd.,
1301.
[7] S. Budhavari. The Merk Index .14th ed. Merk Research Lab. Division of Merk and Co.Inc.Whitehouse station, NJ, 2001, 1301.
[8] S.C. Sweetman, and Dale M. The Complete Drug Reference. 34thed.Pharmaceutical Press ,London 2002, 1283
[9] A. Raza, A.S. Ijaz , A. Rehman, and U. Rasheed . Spectrometric determination of Ondansetron Hydrochloride in pharmaceutical
Bulk and Dosage Form. Journal of Chinese Chemist. Society, 54(1), 2007, 223-27.
[10] P. Ravikumar, M. Muralikrishna, P. Bhanuprakash, B. Anilkumar, and P. Madhusudhan. Derivative Spectrometric estimation of
Ondansetron and Paracetamol. E-Journal of Chemistry, 3(12), 2006, 134-36.
1311.
[2] The United State Pharmacopoeia XII and National Formulary XXIV ed. Asian Ed. Rockville, MD: US Pharmacopoeial convection,
2007, 2799-2804.
[3] British Pharmacopoeia Vol.2, London: The Stationary Office; 2008, 1597-99.
[4] S.C. Sweetman , and Dale M. The Complete Drug Reference. 34thed.Pharmaceutical Press, London 2002, 1281:1
[5] S. Bhudhavari. The Merk Research Lab. Division of Merk and Co. Inc. Whitehouse station, NJ, 2001, 6848.
[6] Remington. The Science and Practice of Pharmacy.21sted.Vol.II Indian Edition, Distributed in India by B.I. Publication Pvt. Ltd.,
1301.
[7] S. Budhavari. The Merk Index .14th ed. Merk Research Lab. Division of Merk and Co.Inc.Whitehouse station, NJ, 2001, 1301.
[8] S.C. Sweetman, and Dale M. The Complete Drug Reference. 34thed.Pharmaceutical Press ,London 2002, 1283
[9] A. Raza, A.S. Ijaz , A. Rehman, and U. Rasheed . Spectrometric determination of Ondansetron Hydrochloride in pharmaceutical
Bulk and Dosage Form. Journal of Chinese Chemist. Society, 54(1), 2007, 223-27.
[10] P. Ravikumar, M. Muralikrishna, P. Bhanuprakash, B. Anilkumar, and P. Madhusudhan. Derivative Spectrometric estimation of
Ondansetron and Paracetamol. E-Journal of Chemistry, 3(12), 2006, 134-36.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Effect of Turmeric Oil in Reproductive Efficiency of Immature Female Rats Exposed to Oxidative Stress Induced by Potassium Dichromate |
| Country | : | Iraq |
| Authors | : | Z. Kh. Jeber, F. Kh. Tawfeek |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0440913 |
Abstract:This study carried out to understand the effects of Potassium Dichromate (K2Cr2O7) and Turmeric
Oil (TO) on reproductive efficiency. Twenty four weanling immature female albino rats aged 22 day divided
randomly into 4 groups (6 rats in each group). 1st group received 0.1 ml dimethyle sulfoxide (DMSO) 5%
solution as a control (I/P for 14 day), 2nd group received K2Cr2O7 dissolved in distilled water (0.4 mg/kg, I/P,
for 14 day), 3rd group received TO dissolved in 5% DMSO solution (20 mg/kg, I/P, for 14 day), 4th group
received both K2Cr2O7 +TO (0.4 mg/kg, I/P +20 mg/kg, I/P, ½ h in between, for 14 day). Rats treated with
K2Cr2O7 show significant increase in Malondialdehyde (MDA) level and significant decreases in uterine and
ovarian weights, serum Glutathione (GSH) level, percentage of vaginal opening time and diameter of ovarian
follicles in categories (101-200), (201-300) and (>400), while those treated with TO show significant increase
in uterine and ovarian weights, percentage of vaginal opening time, serum GSH, and diameter of ovarian
follicles in categories (1-100) and (>400), with significant decrease in MDA level, moreover treatment with
K2Cr2O7 and TO together show significant increase in uterine and ovarian weights, percentage of vaginal time
opening, serum GHS level and diameter of ovarian follicles in categories (201-300) and (>400), with significant
decrease in MDA level. In conclusion, K2Cr2O7 has bad effects on reproductive efficiency of female rats and TO
have improvement on some of these effects.
Key Words: Turmeric oil, Potassium dichromate (VI), ovarian follicles, Immature rats.
Key Words: Turmeric oil, Potassium dichromate (VI), ovarian follicles, Immature rats.
[1] Achary, UR; Mishra, M; Mishra, I and Tripathy, II. Potential role of vitamins in chromium induced spermatogenesis in Swiss mice.
Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 2004, 15: 53-59.
[2] Aggarwal, B; Kumar, A and Baharti, A. Anticancer potential of curcumin: Preclinical and clinical studies. Anticancer Res. 2003,
23: 363-398.
[3] Ammon, HP and Wahle, MA. Pharmacology of Curcuma longa. Planta Medica. 1991, 57: 1-7.
[4] Banu, SK; Samuel, JB; Arosh, JA; Burghardt, RC and Aruldhas, MM. Lactational exposure to hexavalent chromium delays
puberty by impairing ovarian development, steroidogenesis and pituitary hormone synthesis in develophng wister rats. Toxicol. and
Appl. Pharmacl. 2008, 232: 180-189.
[5] Barceloux, DG. Chromium. J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. 1999, 37: 180-189.
[6] Baychi, D; Stohs, SJ; Downs, BW; Bagchi, M and Preuss, HG. Cytotoxicity and oxidative mechanisms of different forms of
chromium. Toxicol. 2002, 180: 5-22.
[7] Beuge, JA and Aust, SD. Estimation of serum malondialdehyde level methods in enzymology. Academic Press. London, 1978.
[8] Blacksmith institute. Top 10 worst polluted sites. The blacksmith institute, New York, 2007.
[9] Burtis, CA and Ashwood, ER . Tietz text book of clinical chemistry. 3rd ed. Saunders Co.USA, 1999.
[10] Elbetieha, A and Al-Hamood, MH. Long term exposure effect on fertility of male and female mice to trivalent and hexvalent
chromium compounds. Toxicol. 1997, 116: 39-47.
Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 2004, 15: 53-59.
[2] Aggarwal, B; Kumar, A and Baharti, A. Anticancer potential of curcumin: Preclinical and clinical studies. Anticancer Res. 2003,
23: 363-398.
[3] Ammon, HP and Wahle, MA. Pharmacology of Curcuma longa. Planta Medica. 1991, 57: 1-7.
[4] Banu, SK; Samuel, JB; Arosh, JA; Burghardt, RC and Aruldhas, MM. Lactational exposure to hexavalent chromium delays
puberty by impairing ovarian development, steroidogenesis and pituitary hormone synthesis in develophng wister rats. Toxicol. and
Appl. Pharmacl. 2008, 232: 180-189.
[5] Barceloux, DG. Chromium. J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. 1999, 37: 180-189.
[6] Baychi, D; Stohs, SJ; Downs, BW; Bagchi, M and Preuss, HG. Cytotoxicity and oxidative mechanisms of different forms of
chromium. Toxicol. 2002, 180: 5-22.
[7] Beuge, JA and Aust, SD. Estimation of serum malondialdehyde level methods in enzymology. Academic Press. London, 1978.
[8] Blacksmith institute. Top 10 worst polluted sites. The blacksmith institute, New York, 2007.
[9] Burtis, CA and Ashwood, ER . Tietz text book of clinical chemistry. 3rd ed. Saunders Co.USA, 1999.
[10] Elbetieha, A and Al-Hamood, MH. Long term exposure effect on fertility of male and female mice to trivalent and hexvalent
chromium compounds. Toxicol. 1997, 116: 39-47.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Isolation and Characterization of Multidrug Resistant Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp from the Wastes of Hospital Patients and Poultry |
| Country | : | Bangladesh |
| Authors | : | Abanti Barua, Abu Sayeed Mohammad Mahmud, Muhammad Shahjalal Khan, Tarannum Taznin4, Muhammad Ehteshamul Haque , Faridul Islam, Naznin Akhtar, Md. Abdul Hakim |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0442936 |
Abstract:Total 20 Isolates Of E. Coli (12 From Poultry And 8 From Hospital) Were Isolated Randomly From
Poultry Farm Waste And Chittagong Medical College Hospital (Cmch) Liquid Waste. We Found Tetracycline
Resistant E. Coli (150μg/Ml) From The Poultry Farm Waste Sample And Ciprofloxacin Resistant Strain
(3000μg/Ml) From Hospital Waste. Our Finding Suggests That Antibiotic Should Not Be Used In The Growth
Promotion Of The Poultry Farm And The Use Of Antibiotics By The Respective Users Need To Be Monitored
Properly In Order To Avoid The Emergence Of Antibiotic Resistance In Bacteria.
Key Words:Multidrug resistant; hospital wastes; poultry wastes; Escherichia coli; Salmonella; ciprofloxacin and tetracycline.
Key Words:Multidrug resistant; hospital wastes; poultry wastes; Escherichia coli; Salmonella; ciprofloxacin and tetracycline.
[1] Cretikos, M., Telfer, B., and McAnulty, J. (2008). Enteric disease outbreak reporting, New South Wales, Australia, 2000 to 2005. N
SWPublic Health Bullettin, 19(1–2), 3–7.
[2] Castanon, J. I. (2007). History of the use of antibiotic as growth promoters in European poultry feeds. Poultry Science, 86, 2466–
2471.
[3] Armstrong GL, Hollingsworth J, Morris JGJr. (1996). Emerging food borne pathogens: Escherichia coli 0157: H7 as a model of
entry of a new pathogen into the food supply of the developed world. Epidemiological Review, 18, 29-51.
[4] Jawetz E, Melnick J, Adelberg EA. (1984). Review of Medical Microbiology. 16th ed. Los Altos, California: Long Medical
Publication, pp. 122-144.
[5] Barnes HJ and Gross WB. (1997). Colibacillosis in Diseases of Poultry. 10th ed. B. W. Calnek, (Ed.), Mosby-Wolf Publication Ltd.,
London, UK, pp.131–139.
[6] Daini OA, Ogbulo OD, Ogunledun A. (2005). Quinolones Resistance and R-plasmids of some gram negative enteric Bacilli. Afr. J.
Clin. and Exp. Micro., 6, 14-19.
[7] Gross WB. (1994). Diseases due to Escherichia coli in poultry. pp. 237–260. In Gyles CL (ed.) Escherichia coli in domesticated
animals and humans. CAB International. Wallingford, UK.
[8] Chakraborty P. (1995). A Text Book of Microbiology. 1st ed. New Central Book Agency (P) Ltd. pp.149-150.
[9] Crump JA, Lubsy SP and Mintz ED. (2004). The global burden of enteric fever. Bull. W. H. O., 82, 346-353.
[10] Bhal R and Bhatnagar S. (2005). Typhoid and paratyphoid fever. Lancet, 366, 749-762.
SWPublic Health Bullettin, 19(1–2), 3–7.
[2] Castanon, J. I. (2007). History of the use of antibiotic as growth promoters in European poultry feeds. Poultry Science, 86, 2466–
2471.
[3] Armstrong GL, Hollingsworth J, Morris JGJr. (1996). Emerging food borne pathogens: Escherichia coli 0157: H7 as a model of
entry of a new pathogen into the food supply of the developed world. Epidemiological Review, 18, 29-51.
[4] Jawetz E, Melnick J, Adelberg EA. (1984). Review of Medical Microbiology. 16th ed. Los Altos, California: Long Medical
Publication, pp. 122-144.
[5] Barnes HJ and Gross WB. (1997). Colibacillosis in Diseases of Poultry. 10th ed. B. W. Calnek, (Ed.), Mosby-Wolf Publication Ltd.,
London, UK, pp.131–139.
[6] Daini OA, Ogbulo OD, Ogunledun A. (2005). Quinolones Resistance and R-plasmids of some gram negative enteric Bacilli. Afr. J.
Clin. and Exp. Micro., 6, 14-19.
[7] Gross WB. (1994). Diseases due to Escherichia coli in poultry. pp. 237–260. In Gyles CL (ed.) Escherichia coli in domesticated
animals and humans. CAB International. Wallingford, UK.
[8] Chakraborty P. (1995). A Text Book of Microbiology. 1st ed. New Central Book Agency (P) Ltd. pp.149-150.
[9] Crump JA, Lubsy SP and Mintz ED. (2004). The global burden of enteric fever. Bull. W. H. O., 82, 346-353.
[10] Bhal R and Bhatnagar S. (2005). Typhoid and paratyphoid fever. Lancet, 366, 749-762.