Volume-4 ~ Issue-3
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Docking study on Mycobacterium tuberculosis receptors AccD5 and PKS18 with selected phytochemicals |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Dr. C. Anchana Devi |
 |
: | 10.9790/3008-0430104  |
Abstract:Epidemiological studies have indicated that 1.7 billion people, as much as one third of the world's
population, are infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of human tuberculosis (TB). This
pathogen is responsible for more human deaths than any other single infectious agent throughout the centuries
of human history. Considering the world–wide TB problems, there is an urgent need to develop relatively
inexpensive new drugs to treat this deadly disease. Natural products isolated from plants have played an
important role in discovery of drugs against infectious diseases. In the present study, three ligand molecules
(basically secondary metabolites) which were commonly present in the plants were docked with the selected
Mycobacterium receptor AccD5 and PKS18. Among them Phytol had a significant inhibitory activity with the
receptor AccD5 binding to the pocket (GLY 241– GLY 242) forming hydrogen bonds at a very low energy value,
thus forming a stable complex.The active compounds were found to be diterpene alcohol and isomers of
diterpene alcohol. These molecules had a good number of conformations showing the flexible behavior of the
ligand. The total energy of the receptor and ligand complexes has also been calculated.
Key words:Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Molecular docking , Phytol , AccD5.
Key words:Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Molecular docking , Phytol , AccD5.
[1] Ryan, K.J. and Ray, C.G. (2004). (Eds.), Sherris Medical Microbiology, fourth ed. McGraw Hill, ISBN 0–8385–8529–9.
[2] Tomioka, H. and Namba, K. (2006). Development of antitubercular drugs: current status and future prospects, Kekkaku (Japanese
Journal). 81(12):753–774.
[3] Berning, S.E. (2001). The role of fluoroquinolones in tuberculosis today, Drugs. 61:9–18.
[4] Reddy, V.M., Nadadhur, G., Daneluzzi, D.D., Osullivan, J.F. and Gangadharam, P.R.J. (1996). Antituberculosis activities of
clofazimine and its new analogs B4154 and B4157, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 40:633–636.
[5] Barry, C.E. (1997). New horizons in the treatment of tuberculosis, Biochem.Pharmacol. 54:1165–1172.
[6] Pasquato, K.F.M. and Ferreira, E.I. (2001). An approach for the rational design of new antitubercular agents, Curr. Drug Targets.
2:427–437.
[7] Diacovich, L., Mitchell, D., Pham, H., Gago, G., Melgar, M. M., Khosla, C., Gramajo, H. and Tsai, S.C. (2004). Crystal structure of
the beta–subunit of acyl–CoA carboxylase: structure–based engineering of substrate specificity.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Diacovich %22%5BAuthor%5DBiochemistry. 43:14027–36.
[8] Ewing, T., Makino, S., Skillman, A. and Kuntz, I. (2001).DOCK 4.0: search strategies for automated molecular docking of flexible
molecule databases. J Comput Aided Mol. Des. 15 (5): 411–28.
[9] Bursulaya, B., Totrov, M., Abagyan, R. and Brooks, C. (2003).Comparative Study of Several Algorithms For Flexible Ligand
Docking.J Comput Aided Mol Des.17: 755–63.
[10] Irawin D. Kuntz, Elaine C. Meng, and Brain K. Shoichet (1994). Acc. Chem. Res. 27 (5):117–123.
[2] Tomioka, H. and Namba, K. (2006). Development of antitubercular drugs: current status and future prospects, Kekkaku (Japanese
Journal). 81(12):753–774.
[3] Berning, S.E. (2001). The role of fluoroquinolones in tuberculosis today, Drugs. 61:9–18.
[4] Reddy, V.M., Nadadhur, G., Daneluzzi, D.D., Osullivan, J.F. and Gangadharam, P.R.J. (1996). Antituberculosis activities of
clofazimine and its new analogs B4154 and B4157, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 40:633–636.
[5] Barry, C.E. (1997). New horizons in the treatment of tuberculosis, Biochem.Pharmacol. 54:1165–1172.
[6] Pasquato, K.F.M. and Ferreira, E.I. (2001). An approach for the rational design of new antitubercular agents, Curr. Drug Targets.
2:427–437.
[7] Diacovich, L., Mitchell, D., Pham, H., Gago, G., Melgar, M. M., Khosla, C., Gramajo, H. and Tsai, S.C. (2004). Crystal structure of
the beta–subunit of acyl–CoA carboxylase: structure–based engineering of substrate specificity.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Diacovich %22%5BAuthor%5DBiochemistry. 43:14027–36.
[8] Ewing, T., Makino, S., Skillman, A. and Kuntz, I. (2001).DOCK 4.0: search strategies for automated molecular docking of flexible
molecule databases. J Comput Aided Mol. Des. 15 (5): 411–28.
[9] Bursulaya, B., Totrov, M., Abagyan, R. and Brooks, C. (2003).Comparative Study of Several Algorithms For Flexible Ligand
Docking.J Comput Aided Mol Des.17: 755–63.
[10] Irawin D. Kuntz, Elaine C. Meng, and Brain K. Shoichet (1994). Acc. Chem. Res. 27 (5):117–123.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Effect of Water Load, Saline Load and Lipton Tea on Urine Output and Urine Ph in Young Healthy Male and Female Human Subjects |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Blessing Omolaso, Sule Uredo'ojo, Adeniran Akinola, Dr. Olutunde Adegbite and Dr Francis Oluwole |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0430509 |
Abstract :The study was aimed at comparing the diuretic effect of saline load, water load and Lipton tea in
between healthy male and female undergraduate medical students ( 18-26yrs). They were randomly grouped
into five groups having both male and female subjects : control(A),water(B), normal saline(C), Hypertonic
saline,1%(D), Lipton tea(E). The day before the experiment, instructions were given; the experimental groups
drank their solution 12ml/kg body weight then the urine output was measured at 30mins interval. Paired t-test
was used to analyse result between male and female intra group difference in urine output and pH with
significant level having p value ≤ 0.05. The data are presented as mean±SEM. In water group at 30mins showed
diuretic effect in both male and female (132.6±31.44 and 223.8±76) respectively and peaked at 60mins
(202.4±38.96 and 304±36.78) in male and female. Lipton tea also showed diuretic effect which started in the
females at 30mins (68.2±8.92) while it started at 60mins(185.6±34.24) in the males.
Keyword: Urine output, duiresis, volume loading
Keyword: Urine output, duiresis, volume loading
[1] Arthur C. Guyton and John E. Hall. Textbook of Medical Physiology. Eleventh Edition. Pg 291-363, 2006 ISBN 0-7216-0240-1
[2] David H. Ellison Disorders of sodium balance. Chapter1 2005 Vol. 1 Atlas of disease of the kidney.www.kidneyatlas.org/toc.htm
[3] Kadam S.S., Maadik K.R., Bothara K. G Principle of Medicinal Chemistry-2007Vol 1 diuretics pg.218,Nirali Prakashan
Publicaion.
[4] Linda S.Costanzo,Textbook of Physiology. Third Edition2007. Pg235-295
[5] Paudel B H, Kumer S. Effect of water and saline load on urinary output in healthy undergraduate medical students. Journal of Nepal
Medical Association 432003;23-26
[6] Poujeol P, Chabardes D, Roinel N, De Rouffignac C Influence of extracellular fluid volume expansion on magnesium, calcium and
phosphate handling along the rat nephron. Pflugers Arch 1976; 3651976 (2-3): 203-211.
[7] Sembulingam K. and Prema Sembulingam, Essentials of Physiology Fourth Edition 2006ISBN 81-8061-826-9
[8] Udokong N. E. and Akpogromeh B.A. Effect of volume loading with water,Normal Saline,palmwine and Lipton tea on urinary
output, pH, Specific Gravity, sodium and Potassium Concentration in Human Subjects. Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences
202005 (1-2)101-106
[2] David H. Ellison Disorders of sodium balance. Chapter1 2005 Vol. 1 Atlas of disease of the kidney.www.kidneyatlas.org/toc.htm
[3] Kadam S.S., Maadik K.R., Bothara K. G Principle of Medicinal Chemistry-2007Vol 1 diuretics pg.218,Nirali Prakashan
Publicaion.
[4] Linda S.Costanzo,Textbook of Physiology. Third Edition2007. Pg235-295
[5] Paudel B H, Kumer S. Effect of water and saline load on urinary output in healthy undergraduate medical students. Journal of Nepal
Medical Association 432003;23-26
[6] Poujeol P, Chabardes D, Roinel N, De Rouffignac C Influence of extracellular fluid volume expansion on magnesium, calcium and
phosphate handling along the rat nephron. Pflugers Arch 1976; 3651976 (2-3): 203-211.
[7] Sembulingam K. and Prema Sembulingam, Essentials of Physiology Fourth Edition 2006ISBN 81-8061-826-9
[8] Udokong N. E. and Akpogromeh B.A. Effect of volume loading with water,Normal Saline,palmwine and Lipton tea on urinary
output, pH, Specific Gravity, sodium and Potassium Concentration in Human Subjects. Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences
202005 (1-2)101-106
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | "Effect of n-Butanol on macrophage functions: An in vitro study." |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Sandeep Satapathy, Dr.Anju Shrivastava |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0431017 |
Abstract :The modern day lifestyle has witnessed an exposure to different concentrations of n-Butanol in our
environment. These compounds are found in different states mostly in dissolved form in aerosols, paints, dyes,
medicines and cosmetics etc. However the concentration of environmental exposure in normal conditions is not
lethal but it induces a reduced macrophage function in terms phagocytic activity and release of ROS (reactive
oxygen species) in response to stress conditions. These alcohols have a delayed degradation time in the body
due to higher carbon atoms in comparison to ethanol but the effect on macrophage function is not a pronounce
as ethanol at similar concentrations. In this invitro experiment, an exposure of upto 5M n-Butanol proved to be
lethal for murine macrophage cells (RAW cell lines) significantly causing cell death. However the effect on
phagocytosis and ROS species is pronouncedly less at 2M concentration in comparison to ethanol. Therefore, it
indicates at places with high exposure of n-butanol, there is a drastic effect of n-Butanol but in places of normal
exposure it leads to a suppressed innate immune response by lowering the phagocytic uptake 20-30% and a
slightly reduced release of ROS even at 105 cells accumulation.
[1] Aldo-Benson, M., Pratt, L. and Hardwick, J. (1992) Alcohol can inhibit effect of IL-4 on activated murine B cells. Immunological
Research 11, 117–124.
[2] Anthony, V., Godbey, S., Hott, J. and Queener, S. (1993) Alcohol-induced inhibition of alveolar (Aldo-Benson, 1992)macrophage
oxidant release in vivo and in vitro. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 17, 389–393.
[3] (Bagasra, 1988), A. (1988) Macrophage function in chronic experimental alcoholism. Immunology 65, 405–409.
[4] (Bagasra O. B., 1996)(1996) Increased HIV type-1 replication in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells induced by ethanol:
potential immunopathogenic mechanisms. Journal of Infectious Diseases 173, 550–55
[5] (Baggiolini, 1992). (1997) Human chemokines: an update. Annual Review of Immunology 15, 675–705.
[6] (Baker, 1993)(1993) Recent developments in alcoholism: immunological aspects [review]. Recent Developments in Alcoholism
11, 249–271.
[7] (Bautista, 1995)(1995) Chronic alcohol intoxication enhances the expression of CD18 adhesion molecules on rat neutrophi ls and
release of a chemotactic factor by Kupffer cells. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 19, 285–290.
[8] (Bautista A. P., 1997). (1997) Chronic alcohol intoxication induces hepatic injury through enhanced macrophage inflammatory
protein-2 (MIP-2) production and intracellular adhesion molecule expression in the liver. Hepatology 25, 335–342
[9] (Bautista A. P., 1994)(1994) Acute ethanol intoxication regulates f-met-leu-phe-induced chemotaxis and superoxide release by
neutrophils and Kupffer cells through modulation of the formyl peptide receptor in the rat. Life Sciences 54, 721–730.
[10] Ben-Eliyahu, S., Page, G. G., Yirmiya, R. and Taylor, A. N. (1996) Acute alcohol intoxication suppresses natural killer cell
activity and promotes tumor metastasis. (Ben-Eliyahu) 457–460.
Research 11, 117–124.
[2] Anthony, V., Godbey, S., Hott, J. and Queener, S. (1993) Alcohol-induced inhibition of alveolar (Aldo-Benson, 1992)macrophage
oxidant release in vivo and in vitro. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 17, 389–393.
[3] (Bagasra, 1988), A. (1988) Macrophage function in chronic experimental alcoholism. Immunology 65, 405–409.
[4] (Bagasra O. B., 1996)(1996) Increased HIV type-1 replication in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells induced by ethanol:
potential immunopathogenic mechanisms. Journal of Infectious Diseases 173, 550–55
[5] (Baggiolini, 1992). (1997) Human chemokines: an update. Annual Review of Immunology 15, 675–705.
[6] (Baker, 1993)(1993) Recent developments in alcoholism: immunological aspects [review]. Recent Developments in Alcoholism
11, 249–271.
[7] (Bautista, 1995)(1995) Chronic alcohol intoxication enhances the expression of CD18 adhesion molecules on rat neutrophi ls and
release of a chemotactic factor by Kupffer cells. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 19, 285–290.
[8] (Bautista A. P., 1997). (1997) Chronic alcohol intoxication induces hepatic injury through enhanced macrophage inflammatory
protein-2 (MIP-2) production and intracellular adhesion molecule expression in the liver. Hepatology 25, 335–342
[9] (Bautista A. P., 1994)(1994) Acute ethanol intoxication regulates f-met-leu-phe-induced chemotaxis and superoxide release by
neutrophils and Kupffer cells through modulation of the formyl peptide receptor in the rat. Life Sciences 54, 721–730.
[10] Ben-Eliyahu, S., Page, G. G., Yirmiya, R. and Taylor, A. N. (1996) Acute alcohol intoxication suppresses natural killer cell
activity and promotes tumor metastasis. (Ben-Eliyahu) 457–460.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | The Effect Of Short, Intermediate And Long Duration Of Swimming On Pulmonary Function Tests. |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Nilesh Netaji Kate, Chandrika G. Teli, Ambareesha Kondam, Madhuri A, Suresh M, Chandrashekar M. |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0431820 |
Abstract :Background & Objectives: As muscular strength can be increased by regular exercise, it was
decided to study the effect of strenuous swimming on the pulmonary function tests, as it involves both, the total
body muscular activity and excessive use of chest and abdominal muscles following periods of breath holding,
which is a part of training for competitive swimmers.
Methods: Selected lung volumes and capacities were determined on 60 swimmers of three different groups i.e.
group I- swimming experience of less than 2 years, Group II- between 2 to 5 years, and Group III- >5 years and
compared with 60 controls. The purpose of the study is to find the effect of swimming for different duration on
pulmonary function tests i.e. forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume (FEV1), inspiratory Capacity
(IC) And tidal Volume (TV)
Key words: Exercise, Pulmonary function test, Swimmers,
Key words: Exercise, Pulmonary function test, Swimmers,
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[3] Lakhera S. C. et al: Pulmonary function of Indian athletes and sportsmen: comparison with American athletes. Indian. J. Physiol.
Pharmacol. 1984; 28(3): 187-194.
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oxford, 1965; 1-13.
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[7] Astrand P. O. and Rodahl K, Text book of work Physiology: 3rd edition, New York, Mc. GrawHill publication, 1986.
[8] Balfour N, Szonim and Hamilton M. H. Lung volumes and its subdivisions. Respiratory Physiology. C. V. Mosby and company ed
III, 1976; 40-46.
[9] Lakhera S. C. et al, Lung function in middle distance adolescent runners. Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. 1994,
38(2): 117-120.
[10] Andrew G. M, Becklake M. R, Guleria J. S and Bates D. V: Heart and lung functions in swimmers and non-athletes during growth.
J. Applied Physiol. 1972; 32: 245-251.
Pharmacol. 1972; 16(4): 301-308.
[2] Pherwni A.V, Desai A. G, and Solepure A. B: A study of pulmonary function of competitive swimmers. Indian. J. Physiol.
pharmac. 1989, vol. 33. (4); 228-232.
[3] Lakhera S. C. et al: Pulmonary function of Indian athletes and sportsmen: comparison with American athletes. Indian. J. Physiol.
Pharmacol. 1984; 28(3): 187-194.
[4] Cotes J E: Introduction. In: Lung Function Assessment and Application in Medicine, 1st edition. Blackwell Scientific Publications,
oxford, 1965; 1-13.
[5] Comroe J. J. Physiology of respiration .2nd Ed. Year Book Medical Publishers Incorporated, Chicago, U. S. A. 1975; 94-141.
[6] Astrand P. O. et al. Reduction in maximal oxygen uptake with age. Journal of Applied Physiology, 1973; 35: 649.
[7] Astrand P. O. and Rodahl K, Text book of work Physiology: 3rd edition, New York, Mc. GrawHill publication, 1986.
[8] Balfour N, Szonim and Hamilton M. H. Lung volumes and its subdivisions. Respiratory Physiology. C. V. Mosby and company ed
III, 1976; 40-46.
[9] Lakhera S. C. et al, Lung function in middle distance adolescent runners. Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. 1994,
38(2): 117-120.
[10] Andrew G. M, Becklake M. R, Guleria J. S and Bates D. V: Heart and lung functions in swimmers and non-athletes during growth.
J. Applied Physiol. 1972; 32: 245-251.